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The effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of inpatient specialist palliative care in acute hospitals for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers

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ver la versión actual 30 septiembre 2020

Appendices

Appendix 1. Summary of additional potential studies to include in the review

Study

Study type

Number of patients

Intervention

Control

Back 2005

Cohort study

82

183

Bendaly 2008

Cohort study

61

55

Cassel 2010

Cohort study

91

20

Ciemins 2007

Cohort study

282

128

Cowan 2004

Cohort study

164

152

Engelhardt 2006

Randomised controlled trial

93

76

Gade 2008

Randomised controlled trial

275

237

Gómez‐Batiste 2006

Cohort study

100

100

Hanson 2008

Cohort study

104

1813

Lo 2002

Cohort study

912

25,544

Morrison 2008

Cohort study

2630

18,427

Morrison 2011

Cohort study

475

1576

Penrod 2006

Cohort study

82

232

Penrod 2010

Cohort study

606

2715

Simoens 2010

Cohort study

88

53

Smith 2003

Cohort study

38

38

Ward‐Smith 2008

Cohort study

9

9

White 2006

Cohort study

1774

520

Appendix 2. MEDLINE search strategy

1. exp palliative care/
2. exp Terminal Care/
3. exp Terminally Ill/
4. palliat*.mp.
5. (terminal* adj5 (care or caring)).mp.
6. ((advanced or terminal) adj5 (ill* or disease*)).mp.
7. (end stage or end of life or last year of life or LYOL or life's end).mp.
8. or/1‐7
9. exp hospitals/
10. inpatients/
11. ((hospital* or inpatient*) adj2 (base* or care or center* or centre* or interven* or management or model* or nurs* or program* or service* or team* or therap* or treat*)).mp.
12. or/9‐11
13. 8 and 12
14. randomized controlled trial.pt.
15. controlled clinical trial.pt.
16. randomized.ab.
17. placebo.ab.
18. randomly.ab.
19. trial.ab.
20. groups.ab.
21. (random* or control* or intervention* or evaluat*).tw.
22. ("before and after" or case control* or cohort study or quasi experiment* or time series).tw.
23. 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22
24. 13 and 23
25. exp budgets/ or exp "costs and cost analysis"/ or economics/ or exp economics, hospital/ or exp economics, medical/ or economics, nursing/ or exp "fees and charges"/ or exp resource allocation/ or value of life/
26. (cost* or economic*).ti. or (cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi*)).ab. or economic model*.tw. or (budget* or fee* or financ* or price* or pricing or resourc* allocat* or (value adj2 (monetary or money))).ti,ab.
27. or/25‐26
28. 13 and 27
29. 24 or 28
30. (animals not (humans and animals)).sh.
31. 29 not 30

Appendix 3. Items to be included in the data extraction form

Study details

  • Publication details (author(s), year, journal);

  • country of origin;

  • verification of the study eligibility;

  • aim/hypothesis;

  • type of hospital.

Study design and methods

  • Study design;

  • type of intervention and control (if used);

  • inclusion/exclusion criteria;

  • allocation sequence procedures;

  • allocation concealment;

  • type of blinding;

  • details of blinding (including instances of blinding being compromised);

  • data collection period;

  • baseline measurement(s);

  • number of follow‐ups;

  • time that follow‐ups occurred;

  • sample size (number in each group);

  • sample size calculations;

  • outcome measures used (differentiating primary and secondary);

  • recruitment rate;

  • method of analysis;

  • method of managing missing data;

  • study participant characteristics for patient and unpaid caregiver (e.g. age, sex, race, sexual orientation, diagnosis);

  • selective reporting.

Intervention(s) and comparator(s)

  • Setting of intervention;

  • type of intervention;

  • staff composition;

  • staff training and experience;

  • components of intervention;

  • frequency of intervention;

  • duration of intervention.

Primary outcome

  • Measurement and change in pain.

Secondary outcomes

  • Measurement and change in patient symptoms other than pain (e.g. quality of life);

  • measurement and change in unpaid caregiver symptoms;

  • measurement and change in unpaid caregiver burden;

  • patient and/or unpaid caregiver mortality;

  • proportion of time that the patient spends admitted as an inpatient.

Costs (resource use)

  • Healthcare cost;

  • cost data sources;

  • cost analytical perspective.

Additional items

  • Adverse effects;

  • number and reason for withdrawals;

  • number of drop‐outs;

  • preferred place of death data;

  • data related to availability of other services in the local area, in particular data related to palliative home care services.