Chloroquine as a steroid sparing agent for asthma

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid, Outcome 1 Oral steroid consumption (change from baseline).

Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid, Outcome 2 Symptoms.

Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid, Outcome 3 Peak flow (am).

Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid, Outcome 4 Peak flow (pm).

Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid, Outcome 5 FEV1.

Table 1. Side‐effects noted in non‐randomised studies

Trials	N	Duration	SEs noted
Isomaki 1968	19 (no withdrawals)	28 weeks	Nausea (n = 1). No other SEs related to treatment were noted. No participants withdrew as a result of SEs.
Stern 1960	13 completed out of 25	Described as 'long‐term'. Treatment given ranged from 9 weeks to 1 year	No serious toxic effect noted. Chloroquine: Nausea n = 1. Three participants switched from chloroquine to placebo due to adverse effects
Tennenbaum 1966	4 (all completed)	6 months	Early keratopathy in one patient. No other SEs reported. Mild nausea (n = 1)
Charous 1991	14	12 months	Non reported.

Table 1. Side‐effects noted in non‐randomised studies

Comparison 1. Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Oral steroid consumption (change from baseline) Show forest plot	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

2 Symptoms Show forest plot	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

3 Peak flow (am) Show forest plot	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

4 Peak flow (pm) Show forest plot	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

5 FEV1 Show forest plot	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Totals not selected

Comparison 1. Chloroquine + steroid versus placebo + steroid