Non‐contact methods for the detection of people at risk of primary angle closure glaucoma
Appendices
Appendix 1. The Cochrane Library search strategy
#1 MeSH descriptor: [Glaucoma, Angle‐Closure] this term only
#2 angle* near/3 (occlud* or narrow* or width or close* or closure)
#3 glaucoma* near/3 (occlud* or narrow* or width or close* or closure)
#4 PAC or PACS or PACG or ACG
#5 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4
#6 MeSH descriptor: [Anterior Chamber] this term only
#7 MeSH descriptor: [Anterior Eye Segment] this term only
#8 anterior near/2 (chamber or segment)
#9 ACD or ACA
#10 #6 or #7 or #8 or #9
#11 MeSH descriptor: [Glaucoma] explode all trees
#12 #10 and #11
#13 #5 or #12
#14 MeSH descriptor: [Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological] explode all trees
#15 flashlight* or torch
#16 MeSH descriptor: [Slit Lamp] this term only
#17 MeSH descriptor: [Slit Lamp Microscopy] this term only
#18 slit near/2 (lamp or beam)
#19 biomicroscope
#20 anterior chamber depth*
#21 Anterior chamber volume
#22 lens volume
#23 ACD or LACD or SPAC or ACV
#24 Herick
#25 Scheimpflug or Pentacam or Sirius or Galilei
#26 MeSH descriptor: [Tomography, Optical Coherence] explode all trees
#27 optical coherence tomograph*
#28 AS‐OCT or Visanti
#29 anterior segment imag*
#30 angle recess area
#31 angle opening distance
#32 (angle or area*) near/2 trabec* near/2 iris
#33 AOD or TISA
#34 #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #33
#35 #13 and #34
Appendix 2. MEDLINE Ovid search strategy
1. Glaucoma, Angle‐Closure/
2. (angle$ adj3 (occlud$ or narrow$ or width or close$ or closure)).tw.
3. (glaucoma$ adj3 (occlud$ or narrow$ or width or close$ or closure)).tw.
4. (PAC or PACS or PACG or ACG).tw.
5. or/1‐4
6. Anterior Chamber/
7. Anterior Eye Segment/
8. (anterior adj2 (chamber or segment)).tw.
9. (ACD or ACA).tw.
10. or/6‐9
11. exp Glaucoma/
12. 10 and 11
13. 5 or 12
14. Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological/
15. (flashlight$ or torch).tw.
16. Slit Lamp/
17. Slit Lamp Microscopy/
18. (slit adj2 (lamp or beam)).tw.
19. biomicroscope.tw.
20. anterior chamber depth$.tw.
21. (ACD or LACD or SPAC).tw.
22. Herick.tw.
23. (Scheimpflug or Pentacam or Sirius or Galilei).tw.
24. Tomography, Optical Coherence/
25. optical$ coherence tomograph$.tw.
26. (AS‐OCT or Visanti).tw.
27. anterior segment imag$.tw.
28. angle recess area.tw.
29. angle opening distance.tw.
30. ((angle or area$) adj2 trabec$ adj2 iris).tw.
31. (AOD or TISA).tw.
32. or/14‐31
33. 13 and 32
34. exp case report/
35. (case adj1 (study or report$)).tw.
36. 34 or 35
37. 33 not 36
Appendix 3. Embase Ovid search strategy
1. closed angle glaucoma/ or glaucomatous optic neuropathy/ or neovascular glaucoma/ or secondary glaucoma/
2. (angle$ adj3 (occlud$ or narrow$ or width or close$ or closure)).tw.
3. (glaucoma$ adj3 (occlud$ or narrow$ or width or close$ or closure)).tw.
4. (PAC or PACS or PACG or ACG).tw.
5. or/1‐4
6. anterior eye chamber/
7. anterior eye segment/
8. (anterior adj2 (chamber or segment)).tw.
9. (ACD or ACA).tw.
10. or/6‐9
11. exp glaucoma/
12. 10 and 11
13. 5 or 12
14. (flashlight or torch).tw.
15. slit lamp/
16. (slit adj2 (lamp or beam)).tw.
17. biomicroscope.tw.
18. anterior eye chamber angle/
19. anterior eye chamber depth/
20. anterior chamber depth$.tw.
21. Anterior chamber volume.tw.
22. lens volume.tw.
23. (ACD or LACD or SPAC or ACV).tw.
24. Herick.tw.
25. ophthalmic camera/
26. (Scheimpflug or Pentacam or Sirius or Galilei).tw.
27. optical coherence tomography/
28. optical$ coherence tomograph$.tw.
29. (AS‐OCT or Visanti).tw.
30. anterior segment imag$.tw.
31. angle recess area.tw.
32. angle opening distance.tw.
33. ((angle or area$) adj2 trabec$ adj2 iris).tw.
34. (AOD or TISA).tw.
35. or/14‐34
36. 13 and 35
Appendix 4. BIOSIS search strategy
#29 #28 AND #27
#28 TS= (human or humans)
#27 #26 AND #10
#26 #25 OR #24 OR #23 OR #22 OR #21 OR #20 OR #19 OR #18 OR #17 OR #16 OR #15 OR #14 OR #13 OR #12 OR #11
#25 TS=(AOD or TISA)
#24 TS= ((angle or area*) NEAR/2 trabec* NEAR/2 iris)
#23 TS= (angle opening distance)
#22 TS= (angle recess area)
#21 TS= (anterior segment imag*)
#20 TS = (AS‐OCT or Visanti)
#19 TS= (optical* coherence tomograph*)
#18 TS= (Herick or Scheimpflug or Pentacam or Sirius or Galilei)
#17 TS= (ACD or LACD or SPAC or ACV)
#16 TS= (lens volume)
#15 TS= (Anterior chamber volume)
#14 TS= (anterior chamber depth)
#13 TS=biomicroscope
#12 TS=(slit NEAR/2 (lamp or beam))
#11 TS= (flashlight* or torch)
#10 #9 OR #4
#9 #8 AND #7
#8 TS= Glaucoma
#7 #6 OR #5
#6 TS= (ACD or ACA)
#5 TS= (anterior NEAR/2 (chamber or segment))
#4 #3 OR #2 OR #1
#3 TS= (PAC or PACS or PACG or ACG)
#2 TS= (glaucoma* NEAR/3 (occlud* or narrow* or width or close* or closure))
#1 TS = (angle* NEAR/3 (occlud* or narrow* or width or close* or closure))
Appendix 5. OpenGrey search strategy
(angle closure glaucoma OR PAC OR PACS OR PACG OR ACG) AND (flashlight OR torch OR Slit Lamp OR biomicroscope OR anterior chamber depth OR ACD OR LACD OR SPAC OR Scheimpflug OR Pentacam OR Optical Coherence Tomography OR Visanti)
Appendix 6. ARIF search strategy
(angle closure glaucoma OR PAC OR PACS OR PACG OR ACG) (All indexed fields) AND (flashlight OR torch OR Slit Lamp OR biomicroscope OR anterior chamber depth OR ACD OR LACD OR SPAC OR Scheimpflug OR Pentacam OR Optical Coherence Tomography OR Visanti) (All indexed fields)
Appendix 7. ISRCTN search strategy
(angle closure glaucoma OR PAC OR PACS OR PACG OR ACG) AND (flashlight OR torch OR Slit Lamp OR biomicroscope OR anterior chamber depth OR ACD OR LACD OR SPAC OR Scheimpflug OR Pentacam OR Optical Coherence Tomography OR Visanti)
Appendix 8. ClinicalTrials.gov search strategy
(angle closure glaucoma OR PAC OR PACS OR PACG OR ACG) AND (flashlight OR torch OR Slit Lamp OR biomicroscope OR anterior chamber depth OR ACD OR LACD OR SPAC OR Scheimpflug OR Pentacam OR Optical Coherence Tomography OR Visanti)
Appendix 9. ICTRP search strategy
angle closure glaucoma OR PAC OR PACS OR PACG OR ACG = Condition AND flashlight OR torch OR Slit Lamp OR biomicroscope OR anterior chamber depth OR ACD OR LACD OR SPAC OR Scheimpflug OR Pentacam OR Optical Coherence Tomography OR Visanti = Intervention
Appendix 10. List of abbreviations
| PACS PAC PACG IOP ITC PAS ACA ACD LACD ACV SPAC AS‐OCT TISA ARA AOD | Primary angle closure suspect Primary angle closure Primary angle closure glaucoma Intraocular pressure Irido‐trabecular contact Peripheral anterior synechiae Anterior chamber angle Anterior chamber depth Limbal anterior chamber depth Anterior chamber volume Scanning peripheral anterior chamber analysis Anterior segment ocular coherence tomography Trabeculo‐iris space area Angle recess area Angle opening distance |
| DOMAIN | LOW | HIGH | UNCLEAR |
| PARTICIPANT SELECTION | Describe methods of participant selection; describe included participants (prior testing, presentation, intended use of index test and setting) | ||
| Was a consecutive or random sample of participants enrolled? | Consecutive sampling or random sampling of people according to inclusion criteria | Non‐consecutive cohort of referrals (from primary care) or (in screening setting) sampling based on volunteering or referral | Unclear whether consecutive or random sampling used |
| Was a case‐control design avoided? | No selective recruitment of people with or without narrow angles, or nested case‐control designs (systematically and randomly selected from a defined population cohort) | Selection of either cases or controls in a predetermined, non‐random fashion; or enrichment of the cases from a selected population | Unclear selection mechanism |
| Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions? | Exclusions are detailed and felt to be appropriate (e.g. people with corneal opacities, known ocular malformation or disease causing bulbar derangement) | Inappropriate exclusions are reported (e.g. of people with borderline index test results) | Exclusions are not detailed (pending contact with study authors) |
| Risk of bias: could the selection of participants have introduced bias? | All signalling questions = ‘Yes’ | Any signalling question = ‘No’ | Unclear |
| Concerns regarding applicability: are there concerns that the included participants do not match the review question? | Inclusion of participants without a previous diagnosis of a narrow angle | Inclusion of participants with a previous diagnosis of a narrow angle | Unclear inclusion criteria |
| INDEX TEST | Describe the index test and how it was conducted and interpreted | ||
| Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard? | Test performed “blinded” or “independently and without knowledge of” reference standard results are sufficient and full details of the blinding procedure are not required; or clear temporal pattern to the order of testing that precludes the need for formal blinding | Reference standard results were available to those who conducted or interpreted the index tests | Unclear whether results are interpreted independently |
| If a threshold was used, was it prespecified? | The study authors declare that the selected cut‐off used to dichotomise data was specified a priori; or a protocol is available with this information | A study is classified at higher risk of bias if the authors define the optimal cut‐off post hoc, based on their own study data | No information on preselection of index test cut‐off values |
| Risk of bias: could the conduct or interpretation of the index test have introduced bias? | All signalling questions = ‘Yes’ | Any signalling question = ‘No’ | Unclear |
| Concerns regarding applicability: are there concerns that the index test, its conduct or interpretation differ from the review question? | Tests used and testing procedure clearly reported and tests executed by personnel with sufficient training | Tests used are not validated or study personnel was insufficiently trained | Unclear execution of the tests or unclear study personnel profile, background and training |
| REFERENCE STANDARD | Describe the reference standard and how it was conducted and interpreted | ||
| Is the reference standard likely to correctly classify the target condition? | Not applicable. Score ‘Yes’ for all studies | ||
| Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test? | Reference standard performed “blinded” or “independently and without knowledge of” index test results are sufficient and full details of the blinding procedure are not required; or clear temporal pattern to the order of testing that precludes the need for formal blinding | Index test results were available to those who conducted the reference standard | Unclear whether results were interpreted independently |
| Risk of bias: could the reference standard, its conduct or its interpretation have introduced bias? | All signalling questions = ‘Yes’ | Any signalling question = ‘No’ | Unclear |
| Concerns regarding applicability: are there concerns that the target condition as defined by the reference standard does not match the review question? | Not applicable. Score ‘Yes’ for all studies | ||
| FLOW AND TIMING | Describe any participants who did not receive the index test(s) or reference standard, or either, or who were excluded from the 2 x 2 table (refer to study flow diagram); describe the time interval and any interventions between index test(s) and reference standard | ||
| Was there an appropriate interval between index test(s) and reference standard? | No more than three months between index and reference test execution | More than three months between index and reference test execution | Unclear whether test results were executed within three months |
| Did all participants receive a reference standard? | All participants receiving the index test were verified with the reference standard | Not all participants receiving the index test were verified with the reference standard | Unclear whether all participants receiving the index test were verified with the reference standard |
| Did all participants receive the same reference standard? | Not applicable. Score ‘Yes’ for all studies | ||
| Were all participants included in the analysis? | The number of participants included in the study match the number in analysis | The number of participants included in the study does not match the number in analysis | Insufficient information on whether the number of participants included in the study matches the number in analysis |
| Risk of bias: could the participants' flow through the study have introduced bias? | All signalling questions = ‘Yes’ | Any signalling question = ‘No’ | Unclear |
