Anticonvulsivos para fibromialgia
Appendices
Appendix 1. MEDLINE search strategy
| Search | Query | Items found |
| #1 | Search anticonvulsants | 128,656 |
| #2 | Search anticonvulsant*[tiab] OR anti convulsant*[tiab] OR anti‐convulsant*[tiab] OR antiepileptic*[tiab] OR anti epileptic*[tiab] OR anti‐epileptic*[tiab] | 34,452 |
| #3 | Search carbamazepine | 13,816 |
| #4 | Search Carbamazepine[tiab] or Amizepin[tiab] or Amizepine[tiab] or Atretol[tiab] or Biston[tiab] or Calepsin[tiab] or Carbamazepin[tiab] or Carbategral[tiab] or Carbatrol[tiab] or Convuline[tiab] or Epimax[tiab] or Epitol[tiab] or Equetro[tiab] or Finlepsin[tiab] or Lexin[tiab] or Mazepine[tiab] or Neurotol[tiab] or Neurotop[tiab] or Servimazepin[tiab] or Sirtal[tiab] or Tegral[tiab] or Tegretal[tiab] or Tegretol [tiab]or Tegrital[tiab] or Telesmin[tiab] or Teril[tiab] or Timonil[tiab] | 11,543 |
| #5 | Search Oxcarbazepine[tiab] or Apydan[tiab] or Oxocarbamazepine[tiab] or Oxocarbazepine[tiab] or Timox[tiab] or Trileptal[tiab] | 1297 |
| #6 | Search Felbamat[tiab] or Felbatol[tiab] or Taloxa[tiab] | 15 |
| #7 | Search Gabapentin[tiab] or Neurontin[tiab] or Neurotonin[tiab] | 3835 |
| #8 | Search Levetiracetam[tiab] or Keppra[tiab] | 1845 |
| #9 | Search Pregabalin[tiab] or Lyrica[tiab] | 1502 |
| #10 | Search phenytoin | 16,173 |
| #11 | Search Phenytoin[tiab] or Alepsin[tiab] or Aleviatin[tiab] or Antilepsin[tiab] or Antisacer[tiab] or Cansoin[tiab] or Citrullamon[tiab] or Comital[tiab] or Danten[tiab] or Dantoin[tiab] or Denyl[tiab] or Difetoin[tiab] or Differenin[tiab] or Difhydan[tiab] or Di Hydan[tiab] or Dihydan[tiab] or Dilantin[tiab] or Dintoin[tiab] or Dintoina[tiab] or Diphantoin[tiab] or Diphantoine[tiab] or Diphantoin[tiab] or Diphedal[tiab] or Diphedan[tiab] or Diphenin[tiab] or Diphenine[tiab] or Diphentoin[tiab] or Diphenylan[tiab] or Diphenytoin[tiab] or Ekko[tiab] or Epanutin[tiab] or Epelin[tiab] or Epilantin[tiab] or Eptal[tiab] or Eptoin[tiab] or Fenantoin[tiab] or Fenitoin[tiab] or Fenytoin[tiab] or Fenytoine[tiab] or Hidantal[tiab] or Hydantin[tiab] or Hydantinal [tiab]or Hydantoinal[tiab] or Idantoin[tiab] or Lepitoin[tiab] or Minetoin[tiab] or Neosidantoina[tiab] or Phenhydan[tiab] or Phenhydane[tiab] or Phenybin[tiab] or Phenydan[tiab] or Phenydantin[tiab] or Phenytoine[tiab] or Phenytoin[tiab] or Phenytoinum[tiab] or Phenytonium[tiab] or Sanepil[tiab] or Sodantoin[tiab] or Sodanton[tiab] or Solantoin[tiab] or Solantyl[tiab] or Tacosal[tiab] or Zentropil[tiab] | 10,425 |
| #12 | Search lacosamide[tiab] or erlosamide[tiab] or vimpat[tiab] | 308 |
| #13 | Search Lamotrigine[tiab] or Labileno[tiab] or Lamictal[tiab] | 3651 |
| #14 | Search valproic acid | 11,669 |
| #15 | Search Sodium[tiab] valproate[tiab] or Alpha Propylvalerate[tiab] or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid[tiab] or Apilepsin[tiab] or Convulex[tiab] or Depacon[tiab] or Depakene[tiab] or Depakin[tiab] or Depakine[tiab] or Deprakine[tiab] or Dipropylacetate[tiab] or Dipropylacetatic Acid[tiab] or Dipropyl Acetic Acid[tiab] or Dipropylacetic Acid[tiab] or Diprosin[tiab] or Epilim[tiab] or Ergenyl[tiab] or Everiden[tiab] or Goilim[tiab] or Labazene[tiab] or Leptilan[tiab] or Leptilanil[tiab] or Mylproin[tiab] or Myproic Acid[tiab] or Orfiril[tiab] or Orlept[tiab] or Propymal[tiab] or Valerin[tiab] or Valparin[tiab] or Valpro[tiab] or Valproate[tiab] or Valproate Sodium[tiab] or Vupral[tiab] | 7647 |
| #16 | Search Tiagabin[tiab] or Gabitril[tiab] | 29 |
| #17 | Search Topiramate[tiab] or Epitomax[tiab] or Topamax[tiab] or Topimax[tiab] | 3056 |
| #18 | Search Clonazepam[tiab] or Clonex[tiab] or Klonopin[tiab] or Paxam[tiab] or Kriadex[tiab] or Ravotril[tiab] or Rivatril[tiab] or Rivotril[tiab] | 2933 |
| #19 | Search ((((((((((((((((((#2) OR #3) OR #4) OR #5) OR #6) OR #7) OR #8) OR #9) OR #10) OR #11) OR #12) OR #13) OR #14) OR #15) OR #16) OR #17) OR #18) OR #1) | 144,982 |
| #20 | Search Fibromialgia OR Fibrositis OR FMS | 12,163 |
| #21 | Search fibromyalgi* | 7538 |
| #22 | Search (#20 or #21) | 12,180 |
| #23 | Search randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR randomized[tiab] OR placebo[tiab] OR drug therapy[sh] OR randomly[tiab] OR trial[tiab] OR groups[tiab] | 3,215,866 |
| #24 | Search animals[mh] NOT humans[mh] | 3,811,701 |
| #25 | Search (#23 not #24) | 2,759,538 |
| #26 | Search (#19 AND #22 AND #25) | 224 |
Appendix 2. CENTRAL search strategy
| ID | Search | Hits |
| #1 | (anticonvulsants):ti,ab,kw or (Anti convulsant$ or anticonvulsant$ or anti‐convulsant$ or anti epileptic$ or antiepileptic$ or anti‐epileptic$):ti,ab,kw or (Carbamazepine or Amizepin or Amizepine or Atretol or Biston or Calepsin or Carbamazepin or Carbategral or Carbatrol or Convuline):ti,ab,kw or (Epimax or Epitol or Equetro or Finlepsin or Lexin or Mazepine or Neurotol or Neurotop or Servimazepin or Sirtal or Tegral or Tegretal or Tegretol or Tegrital or Telesmin or Teril or Timonil):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 3563 |
| #2 | MeSH descriptor Anticonvulsants explode all trees | 1919 |
| #3 | MeSH descriptor Carbamazepine explode all trees | 699 |
| #4 | (Oxcarbazepine or Apydan or Oxocarbamazepine or Oxocarbazepine or Timox or Trileptal):ti,ab,kw or (Clonazepam or Clonex or Klonopin or Paxam or Kriadex or Ravotril or Rivatril or Rivotril):ti,ab,kw or (Felbamat or Felbatol or Taloxa):ti,ab,kw or (Gabapentin or Neurontin or Neurotonin):ti,ab,kw or (Levetiracetam or Keppra):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 1323 |
| #5 | (Pregabalin or Lyrica):ti,ab,kw or (Phenytoin or Alepsin or Aleviatin or Antilepsin or Antisacer):ti,ab,kw or (Cansoin or Citrullamon or Comital or Danten or Dantoin or Denyl or Difetoin or Differenin or Difhydan ):ti,ab,kw or (Di Hydan or Dihydan or Dilantin or Dintoin or Dintoina or Diphantoin or Diphantoine or Diphantoin or Diphedal or Diphedan or Diphenin or Diphenine or Diphentoin):ti,ab,kw or (Diphenylan or Diphenytoin or Ekko or Epanutin or Epelin or Epilantin or Eptal or Eptoin or Fenantoin or Fenitoin or Fenytoin or Fenytoine):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 1258 |
| #6 | (Hidantal or Hydantin or Hydantinal or Hydantoinal or Idantoin or Lepitoin or Minetoin or Neosidantoina ):ti,ab,kw or (Phenhydan or Phenhydane or Phenybin or Phenydan or Phenydantin or Phenytoine or Phenytoin ):ti,ab,kw or (Phenytoinum or Phenytonium or Sanepil or Sodantoin or Sodanton or Solantoin or Solantyl or Tacosal or Zentropil):ti,ab,kw or (lacosamide or erlosamide or vimpat):ti,ab,kw or (Lamotrigine or Labileno or Lamictal):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 1477 |
| #7 | MeSH descriptor Phenytoin explode all trees | 500 |
| #8 | (Valproic acid):ti,ab,kw or (Sodium valproate or Alpha Propylvalerate or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid or Apilepsin or Convulex or Depacon or Depakene or Depakin or Depakine or Deprakine ):ti,ab,kw or (Dipropylacetate or Dipropylacetatic Acid or Dipropyl Acetic Acid or Dipropylacetic Acid or Diprosin or Epilim or Ergenyl or Everiden ):ti,ab,kw or (Goilim or Labazene or Leptilan or Leptilanil or Mylproin or Myproic Acid or Orfiril or Orlept ):ti,ab,kw or (Propymal or Valerin or Valparin or Valpro or Valproate or Valproate Sodium or Vupral):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 1154 |
| #9 | MeSH descriptor Valproic Acid explode all trees | 648 |
| #10 | (Tiagabin or Gabitril):ti,ab,kw or (Topiramate or Epitomax or Topamax or Topimax):ti,ab,kw or (Vigabatrin or Sabril):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 780 |
| #11 | (fibromyalgia):ti,ab,kw or (fibromyalgi$):ti,ab,kw or (fibrositis):ti,ab,kw or (fms):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 987 |
| #12 | MeSH descriptor Fibromyalgia explode all trees | 565 |
| #13 | (randomized controlled trial):pt or (controlled tiral):pt or (random allocation):ti,ab,kw or (double blind):ti,ab,kw or (single blind):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 381,667 |
| #14 | (clinical trial):pt and (pacebo$):ti,ab,kw and (random):ti,ab,kw and (clinical trial):ti,ab,kw and (randomized controlled trial or controlled trial):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 1 |
| #15 | (placebo$):ti,ab,kw or (random$):ti,ab,kw or (clinical trial):ti,ab,kw or (clinical trial):pt or (randomized controlled trial or controlled trial):ti,ab,kw | 455,068 |
| #16 | (animal):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 12,551 |
| #17 | (human):ti,ab,kw in Trials | 462,550 |
| #18 | (#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10) | 6177 |
| #19 | (#11 OR #12) | 987 |
| #20 | (#13 OR #14 OR #15) | 517,597 |
| #21 | (#17 AND NOT #16) | 450,301 |
| #22 | (#18 AND #19 AND #20 AND #21) | 32 |
Appendix 3. PsycInfo search strategy
|
| Searches | Results |
| 1 | (Anti convulsant$ or anticonvulsant$ or anti‐convulsant$ or anti epileptic$ or antiepileptic$ or anti‐epileptic$).ab. or (Anti convulsant$ or anticonvulsant$ or anti‐convulsant$ or anti epileptic$ or antiepileptic$ or anti‐epileptic$).ti. or (Anti convulsant$ or anticonvulsant$ or anti‐convulsant$ or anti epileptic$ or antiepileptic$ or anti‐epileptic$).id. or anticonvulsants.ab. or anticonvulsants.ti. or anticonvulsants.id. or anticonvulsants.sh. or (Anti convulsant$ or anticonvulsant$ or anti‐convulsant$ or anti epileptic$ or antiepileptic$ or anti‐epileptic$).sh. | 7859 |
| 2 | anticonvulsants.ab. or anticonvulsants.ti. or anticonvulsants.id. or anticonvulsants.sh. | 1603 |
| 3 | (Carbamazepine or Amizepin or Amizepine or Atretol or Biston or Calepsin or Carbamazepin or Carbategral or Carbatrol or Convuline or Epimax or Epitol or Equetro or Finlepsin or Lexin or Mazepine).ab. or (Carbamazepine or Amizepin or Amizepine or Atretol or Biston or Calepsin or Carbamazepin or Carbategral or Carbatrol or Convuline or Epimax or Epitol or Equetro or Finlepsin or Lexin or Mazepine).ti. or (Carbamazepine or Amizepin or Amizepine or Atretol or Biston or Calepsin or Carbamazepin or Carbategral or Carbatrol or Convuline or Epimax or Epitol or Equetro or Finlepsin or Lexin or Mazepine).id. or (Carbamazepine or Amizepin or Amizepine or Atretol or Biston or Calepsin or Carbamazepin or Carbategral or Carbatrol or Convuline or Epimax or Epitol or Equetro or Finlepsin or Lexin or Mazepine).sh. | 2925 |
| 4 | (Neurotol or Neurotop or Servimazepin or Sirtal or Tegral or Tegretal or Tegretol or Tegrital or Telesmin or Teril or Timonil).ab. or (Neurotol or Neurotop or Servimazepin or Sirtal or Tegral or Tegretal or Tegretol or Tegrital or Telesmin or Teril or Timonil).ti. or (Neurotol or Neurotop or Servimazepin or Sirtal or Tegral or Tegretal or Tegretol or Tegrital or Telesmin or Teril or Timonil).id. or (Neurotol or Neurotop or Servimazepin or Sirtal or Tegral or Tegretal or Tegretol or Tegrital or Telesmin or Teril or Timonil).sh. | 51 |
| 5 | (Clonazepam or Clonex or Klonopin or Paxam or Kriadex or Ravotril or Rivatril or Rivotril).ab. or (Clonazepam or Clonex or Klonopin or Paxam or Kriadex or Ravotril or Rivatril or Rivotril).ti. or (Clonazepam or Clonex or Klonopin or Paxam or Kriadex or Ravotril or Rivatril or Rivotril).id. or (Clonazepam or Clonex or Klonopin or Paxam or Kriadex or Ravotril or Rivatril or Rivotril).sh. | 914 |
| 6 | (Oxcarbazepine or Apydan or Oxocarbamazepine or Oxocarbazepine or Timox or Trileptal).ab. or (Oxcarbazepine or Apydan or Oxocarbamazepine or Oxocarbazepine or Timox or Trileptal).ti. or (Oxcarbazepine or Apydan or Oxocarbamazepine or Oxocarbazepine or Timox or Trileptal).id. or (Oxcarbazepine or Apydan or Oxocarbamazepine or Oxocarbazepine or Timox or Trileptal).sh. | 436 |
| 7 | (Felbamat or Felbatol or Taloxa).ab. or (Felbamat or Felbatol or Taloxa).ti. or (Felbamat or Felbatol or Taloxa).id. or (Felbamat or Felbatol or Taloxa).sh. | 2 |
| 8 | (Gabapentin or Neurontin or Neurotonin).ab. or (Gabapentin or Neurontin or Neurotonin).ti. or (Gabapentin or Neurontin or Neurotonin).id. or (Gabapentin or Neurontin or Neurotonin).sh. | 996 |
| 9 | (Levetiracetam or Keppra).ab. or (Levetiracetam or Keppra).ti. or (Levetiracetam or Keppra).id. or (Levetiracetam or Keppra).sh. | 642 |
| 10 | (Pregabalin or Lyrica).ab. or (Pregabalin or Lyrica).ti. or (Pregabalin or Lyrica).id. or (Pregabalin or Lyrica).sh. | 459 |
| 11 | (Phenytoin or Alepsin or Aleviatin or Antilepsin or Antisacer or Cansoin or Citrullamon or Comital or Danten or Dantoin or Denyl or Difetoin or Differenin or Difhydan).ab. or (Phenytoin or Alepsin or Aleviatin or Antilepsin or Antisacer or Cansoin or Citrullamon or Comital or Danten or Dantoin or Denyl or Difetoin or Differenin or Difhydan).ti. or (Phenytoin or Alepsin or Aleviatin or Antilepsin or Antisacer or Cansoin or Citrullamon or Comital or Danten or Dantoin or Denyl or Difetoin or Differenin or Difhydan).id. or (Phenytoin or Alepsin or Aleviatin or Antilepsin or Antisacer or Cansoin or Citrullamon or Comital or Danten or Dantoin or Denyl or Difetoin or Differenin or Difhydan).sh. | 882 |
| 12 | (Di Hydan or Dihydan or Dilantin or Dintoin or Dintoina or Diphantoin or Diphantoine or Diphantoin or Diphedal or Diphedan or Diphenin or Diphenine or Diphentoin).ab. or (Di Hydan or Dihydan or Dilantin or Dintoin or Dintoina or Diphantoin or Diphantoine or Diphantoin or Diphedal or Diphedan or Diphenin or Diphenine or Diphentoin).ti. or (Di Hydan or Dihydan or Dilantin or Dintoin or Dintoina or Diphantoin or Diphantoine or Diphantoin or Diphedal or Diphedan or Diphenin or Diphenine or Diphentoin).id. or (Di Hydan or Dihydan or Dilantin or Dintoin or Dintoina or Diphantoin or Diphantoine or Diphantoin or Diphedal or Diphedan or Diphenin or Diphenine or Diphentoin).sh. | 82 |
| 13 | (Diphenylan or Diphenytoin or Ekko or Epanutin or Epelin or Epilantin or Eptal or Eptoin or Fenantoin or Fenitoin or Fenytoin or Fenytoine).ab. or (Diphenylan or Diphenytoin or Ekko or Epanutin or Epelin or Epilantin or Eptal or Eptoin or Fenantoin or Fenitoin or Fenytoin or Fenytoine).ti. or (Diphenylan or Diphenytoin or Ekko or Epanutin or Epelin or Epilantin or Eptal or Eptoin or Fenantoin or Fenitoin or Fenytoin or Fenytoine).id. or (Diphenylan or Diphenytoin or Ekko or Epanutin or Epelin or Epilantin or Eptal or Eptoin or Fenantoin or Fenitoin or Fenytoin or Fenytoine).sh. | 1 |
| 14 | (Hidantal or Hydantin or Hydantinal or Hydantoinal or Idantoin or Lepitoin or Minetoin or Neosidantoina).ab. or (Hidantal or Hydantin or Hydantinal or Hydantoinal or Idantoin or Lepitoin or Minetoin or Neosidantoina).ti. or (Hidantal or Hydantin or Hydantinal or Hydantoinal or Idantoin or Lepitoin or Minetoin or Neosidantoina).id. or (Hidantal or Hydantin or Hydantinal or Hydantoinal or Idantoin or Lepitoin or Minetoin or Neosidantoina).sh. | 0 |
| 15 | (Phenhydan or Phenhydane or Phenybin or Phenydan or Phenydantin or Phenytoine or Phenytoin).ab. or (Phenhydan or Phenhydane or Phenybin or Phenydan or Phenydantin or Phenytoine or Phenytoin).ti. or (Phenhydan or Phenhydane or Phenybin or Phenydan or Phenydantin or Phenytoine or Phenytoin).id. or (Phenhydan or Phenhydane or Phenybin or Phenydan or Phenydantin or Phenytoine or Phenytoin).sh. | 883 |
| 16 | (Phenytoinum or Phenytonium or Sanepil or Sodantoin or Sodanton or Solantoin or Solantyl or Tacosal or Zentropil).ab. or (Phenytoinum or Phenytonium or Sanepil or Sodantoin or Sodanton or Solantoin or Solantyl or Tacosal or Zentropil).ti. or (Phenytoinum or Phenytonium or Sanepil or Sodantoin or Sodanton or Solantoin or Solantyl or Tacosal or Zentropil).id. or (Phenytoinum or Phenytonium or Sanepil or Sodantoin or Sodanton or Solantoin or Solantyl or Tacosal or Zentropil).sh. | 1 |
| 17 | (lacosamide or erlosamide or vimpat).ab. or (lacosamide or erlosamide or vimpat).ti. or (lacosamide or erlosamide or vimpat).id. or (lacosamide or erlosamide or vimpat).sh. | 88 |
| 18 | (Lamotrigine or Labileno or Lamictal).ab. or (Lamotrigine or Labileno or Lamictal).ti. or (Lamotrigine or Labileno or Lamictal).id. or (Lamotrigine or Labileno or Lamictal).sh. | 1472 |
| 19 | Valproic acid.ab. or Valproic acid.ti. or Valproic acid.id. or Valproic acid.sh. | 1856 |
| 20 | (Sodium valproate or Alpha Propylvalerate or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid or Apilepsin or Convulex or Depacon or Depakene or Depakin or Depakine or Deprakine).ab. or (Sodium valproate or Alpha Propylvalerate or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid or Apilepsin or Convulex or Depacon or Depakene or Depakin or Depakine or Deprakine).ti. or (Sodium valproate or Alpha Propylvalerate or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid or Apilepsin or Convulex or Depacon or Depakene or Depakin or Depakine or Deprakine).id. or (Sodium valproate or Alpha Propylvalerate or Alpha Propylvaleric Acid or Apilepsin or Convulex or Depacon or Depakene or Depakin or Depakine or Deprakine).sh. | 523 |
| 21 | (Dipropylacetate or Dipropylacetatic Acid or Dipropyl Acetic Acid or Dipropylacetic Acid or Diprosin or Epilim or Ergenyl or Everiden).ab. or (Dipropylacetate or Dipropylacetatic Acid or Dipropyl Acetic Acid or Dipropylacetic Acid or Diprosin or Epilim or Ergenyl or Everiden).ti. or (Dipropylacetate or Dipropylacetatic Acid or Dipropyl Acetic Acid or Dipropylacetic Acid or Diprosin or Epilim or Ergenyl or Everiden).id. or (Dipropylacetate or Dipropylacetatic Acid or Dipropyl Acetic Acid or Dipropylacetic Acid or Diprosin or Epilim or Ergenyl or Everiden).sh. | 34 |
| 22 | (Goilim or Labazene or Leptilan or Leptilanil or Mylproin or Myproic Acid or Orfiril or Orlept).ab. or (Goilim or Labazene or Leptilan or Leptilanil or Mylproin or Myproic Acid or Orfiril or Orlept).ti. or (Goilim or Labazene or Leptilan or Leptilanil or Mylproin or Myproic Acid or Orfiril or Orlept).id. or (Goilim or Labazene or Leptilan or Leptilanil or Mylproin or Myproic Acid or Orfiril or Orlept).sh. | 0 |
| 23 | (Propymal or Valerin or Valparin or Valpro or Valproate or Valproate Sodium or Vupral).ab. or (Propymal or Valerin or Valparin or Valpro or Valproate or Valproate Sodium or Vupral).ti. or (Propymal or Valerin or Valparin or Valpro or Valproate or Valproate Sodium or Vupral).id. or (Propymal or Valerin or Valparin or Valpro or Valproate or Valproate Sodium or Vupral).sh. | 2326 |
| 24 | (Tiagabin or Gabitril).ab. or (Tiagabin or Gabitril).ti. or (Tiagabin or Gabitril).id. or (Tiagabin or Gabitril).sh. | 4 |
| 25 | (Topiramate or Epitomax or Topamax or Topimax).ab. or (Topiramate or Epitomax or Topamax or Topimax).ti. or (Topiramate or Epitomax or Topamax or Topimax).id. or (Topiramate or Epitomax or Topamax or Topimax).sh. | 1216 |
| 26 | (Vigabatrin or Sabril).ab. or (Vigabatrin or Sabril).ti. or (Vigabatrin or Sabril).id. or (Vigabatrin or Sabril).sh. | 245 |
| 27 | fibromyalgia.ab. or fibromyalgia.ti. or fibromyalgia.id. or fibromyalgia.sh. | 2097 |
| 28 | fibrositis.ab. or fibrositis.ti. or fibrositis.id. or fibrositis.sh. | 39 |
| 29 | fms.ab. or fms.ti. or fms.id. or fms.sh. | 599 |
| 30 | randomized controlled trial.ab. or randomized controlled trial.ti. or randomized controlled trial.id. or randomized controlled trial.pt. | 7360 |
| 31 | controlled clinical trial.ab. or controlled clinical trial.ti. or controlled clinical trial.id. or controlled clinical trial.pt. | 909 |
| 32 | double blind.ab. or double blind.ti. or single blind.ab. or single blind.ti. | 18,096 |
| 33 | placebo.ab. or placebo.ti. or random$.ab. or random$.ti. | 139,111 |
| 34 | 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 | 14,709 |
| 35 | 27 or 28 or 29 | 2366 |
| 36 | 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 | 142,181 |
| 37 | 34 and 35 and 36 | 26 |
Appendix 4. Scopus search strategy
1
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants/) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))
59.068
2
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))
59.068
3
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine OR amizepin OR amizepine OR atretol OR biston OR calepsin OR carbamazepin OR carbategral OR carbatrol OR convuline OR epimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epitol OR equetro OR finlepsin OR lexin OR mazepine OR neurotol OR neurotop OR servimazepin OR sirtal OR tegral OR tegretal OR tegretol OR tegrital OR telesmin OR teril OR timonil))
51.288
4
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(oxcarbazepine OR apydan OR oxocarbamazepine OR oxocarbazepine OR timox OR trileptal) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(clonazepam OR clonex OR klonopin OR paxam OR kriadex OR ravotril OR rivatril OR rivotril))
24.960
5
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(felbamat OR felbatol OR taloxa) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(gabapentin OR neurontin OR neurotonin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(levetiracetam OR keppra) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(pregabalin OR lyrica))
23.281
6
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(phenytoin OR alepsin OR aleviatin OR antilepsin OR antisacer OR cansoin OR citrullamon OR comital OR danten OR dantoin OR denyl OR difetoin OR differenin OR difhydan OR di hydan OR dihydan OR dilantin OR dintoin OR dintoina OR diphantoin OR diphantoine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fenantoin OR fenitoin OR fenytoin OR fenytoine OR hidantal OR hydantin OR hydantinal OR hydantoinal OR idantoin OR lepitoin OR minetoin OR neosidantoina OR phenhydan OR phenhydane OR phenybin OR phenydan OR phenydantin OR phenytoine OR phenytoin OR phenyto))
54.875
7
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lacosamide OR erlosamide OR vimpat) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lamotrigine OR labileno OR lamictal))
16.366
8
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(valproic acid) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(sodium valproate OR alpha propylvalerate OR alpha propylvaleric acid OR apilepsin OR convulex OR depacon OR depakene OR depakin OR depakine OR deprakine OR dipropylacetate OR dipropylacetatic acid OR dipropyl acetic acid OR dipropylacetic acid OR diprosin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epilim OR ergenyl OR everiden OR goilim OR labazene OR leptilan OR leptilanil OR mylproin OR myproic acid OR orfiril OR orlept OR propymal OR valerin OR valparin OR valpro OR valproate OR valproate sodium OR vupral))
43.266
9
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(tiagabin OR gabitril) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(topiramate OR epitomax OR topamax OR topimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(vigabatrin OR sabril))
17.274
10
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fibromyalgia) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fibrositis) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fms))
22.441
11
(TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(randomized controlled trial) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(controlled trial) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(placebo) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(single blind) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(double blind))
901.308
12
#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9
((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants/) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine OR amizepin OR amizepine OR atretol OR biston OR calepsin OR carbamazepin OR carbategral OR carbatrol OR convuline OR epimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epitol OR equetro OR finlepsin OR lexin OR mazepine OR neurotol OR neurotop OR servimazepin OR sirtal OR tegral OR tegretal OR tegretol OR tegrital OR telesmin OR teril OR timonil))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(oxcarbazepine OR apydan OR oxocarbamazepine OR oxocarbazepine OR timox OR trileptal) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(clonazepam OR clonex OR klonopin OR paxam OR kriadex OR ravotril OR rivatril OR rivotril))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(felbamat OR felbatol OR taloxa) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(gabapentin OR neurontin OR neurotonin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(levetiracetam OR keppra) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(pregabalin OR lyrica))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(phenytoin OR alepsin OR aleviatin OR antilepsin OR antisacer OR cansoin OR citrullamon OR comital OR danten OR dantoin OR denyl OR difetoin OR differenin OR difhydan OR di hydan OR dihydan OR dilantin OR dintoin OR dintoina OR diphantoin OR diphantoine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fenantoin OR fenitoin OR fenytoin OR fenytoine OR hidantal OR hydantin OR hydantinal OR hydantoinal OR idantoin OR lepitoin OR minetoin OR neosidantoina OR phenhydan OR phenhydane OR phenybin OR phenydan OR phenydantin OR phenytoine OR phenytoin OR phenyto))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lacosamide OR erlosamide OR vimpat) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lamotrigine OR labileno OR lamictal))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(valproic acid) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(sodium valproate OR alpha propylvalerate OR alpha propylvaleric acid OR apilepsin OR convulex OR depacon OR depakene OR depakin OR depakine OR deprakine OR dipropylacetate OR dipropylacetatic acid OR dipropyl acetic acid OR dipropylacetic acid OR diprosin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epilim OR ergenyl OR everiden OR goilim OR labazene OR leptilan OR leptilanil OR mylproin OR myproic acid OR orfiril OR orlept OR propymal OR valerin OR valparin OR valpro OR valproate OR valproate sodium OR vupral))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(tiagabin OR gabitril) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(topiramate OR epitomax OR topamax OR topimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(vigabatrin OR sabril)))
164.432
13
(#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9) AND #10 AND #11
((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fibromyalgia) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fibrositis) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fms))) AND ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(randomized controlled trial) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(controlled trial) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(placebo) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(single blind) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(double blind))) AND (((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants/) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anticonvulsants) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(anti convulsant$ OR anticonvulsant$ OR anti‐convulsant$ OR anti epileptic$ OR antiepileptic$ OR anti‐epileptic$))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(carbamazepine OR amizepin OR amizepine OR atretol OR biston OR calepsin OR carbamazepin OR carbategral OR carbatrol OR convuline OR epimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epitol OR equetro OR finlepsin OR lexin OR mazepine OR neurotol OR neurotop OR servimazepin OR sirtal OR tegral OR tegretal OR tegretol OR tegrital OR telesmin OR teril OR timonil))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(oxcarbazepine OR apydan OR oxocarbamazepine OR oxocarbazepine OR timox OR trileptal) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(clonazepam OR clonex OR klonopin OR paxam OR kriadex OR ravotril OR rivatril OR rivotril))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(felbamat OR felbatol OR taloxa) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(gabapentin OR neurontin OR neurotonin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(levetiracetam OR keppra) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(pregabalin OR lyrica))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(phenytoin OR alepsin OR aleviatin OR antilepsin OR antisacer OR cansoin OR citrullamon OR comital OR danten OR dantoin OR denyl OR difetoin OR differenin OR difhydan OR di hydan OR dihydan OR dilantin OR dintoin OR dintoina OR diphantoin OR diphantoine) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(fenantoin OR fenitoin OR fenytoin OR fenytoine OR hidantal OR hydantin OR hydantinal OR hydantoinal OR idantoin OR lepitoin OR minetoin OR neosidantoina OR phenhydan OR phenhydane OR phenybin OR phenydan OR phenydantin OR phenytoine OR phenytoin OR phenyto))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lacosamide OR erlosamide OR vimpat) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lamotrigine OR labileno OR lamictal))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(valproic acid) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(sodium valproate OR alpha propylvalerate OR alpha propylvaleric acid OR apilepsin OR convulex OR depacon OR depakene OR depakin OR depakine OR deprakine OR dipropylacetate OR dipropylacetatic acid OR dipropyl acetic acid OR dipropylacetic acid OR diprosin) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epilim OR ergenyl OR everiden OR goilim OR labazene OR leptilan OR leptilanil OR mylproin OR myproic acid OR orfiril OR orlept OR propymal OR valerin OR valparin OR valpro OR valproate OR valproate sodium OR vupral))) OR ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(tiagabin OR gabitril) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(topiramate OR epitomax OR topamax OR topimax) OR TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(vigabatrin OR sabril))))
375
Appendix 5. clinicaltrials.gov search strategy
| anticonvulsant and fibromyalgia: 33 fibromyalgia and antiepileptic drugs: 33 |
Study flow diagram.
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, outcome: 4.2 50% pain reduction.
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, outcome: 4.3 Fatigue.
Forest plot of comparison: 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, outcome: 4.4 Sleep problems.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 1 Pain.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 2 50% pain reduction.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 3 Sleep problems.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 4 Health‐related quality of life.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 5 Withdrawal due to adverse events.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 6 Dizziness.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 7 30% pain reduction.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 8 Depression.
Comparison 1 Gabapentin flexible 1200 to 2400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 9 Disability.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 1 Pain.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 2 Fatigue.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 3 Sleep problems.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 4 Health‐related quality of life.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 5 Serious adverse events.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 6 Dizziness.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 7 Anxiety.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 8 Depression.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 9 Disability.
Comparison 2 Lacosamide 400 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 10 Patient Global Impression of Change 'much' or 'very much' improved.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 1 Pain.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 2 50% pain reduction.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 3 Sleep problems.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 4 Health‐related quality of life.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 5 Withdrawal due to adverse events.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 6 Dizziness.
Comparison 3 Levetiracetam up to 3000 mg/day versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 7 30% pain reduction.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 1 Pain.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 2 50% pain reduction.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 3 Fatigue.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 4 Sleep problems.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 5 Health‐related quality of life.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 6 Withdrawal due to adverse events.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 7 Serious adverse events.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 8 Dizziness.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 9 30% pain reduction.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 10 Anxiety.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 11 Depression.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 12 Disability.
Comparison 4 Pregabalin versus placebo at end of treatment, Outcome 13 Patient Global Impression of Change 'much' or 'very much' improved.
| Pregabalin versus placebo at final treatment for fibromyalgia | ||||||
| Patient or population: People with fibromyalgia | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control | Anticonvulsants versus placebo at final treatment | |||||
| 50% pain reduction | 137 per 1000 | 217 per 1000 | RR 1.59 | 3256 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | Absolute risk difference (fewer pain) 8% (95% CI 6% to 11%) Relative per cent improvement 59% (95% CI 33% to 90%) NNTB 12 (95% CI 9 to 21) |
| Patient Global Impression of Change of 'much' or 'very much' improved | 279 per 1000 | 385 per 1000 | RR 1.38 | 3183 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | Absolute risk difference (more global impression of 'much' and 'very much' improved) 12% (95% CI 4% to 20%) Relative per cent improvement 38% (95% CI 23% to 55%) NNTB 9 (95% CI 7 to 15) |
| Fatigue (1‐50 scale) Higher scores indicate higher fatigue levels | MAF baseline fatigue score control group 35.6 (standard deviation 8.0) ** | The mean fatigue in the intervention groups was | 3195 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | SMD ‐0.17 (‐0.25 to ‐0.09) 2.7% (95% CI 1.4% to 4.0%) fewer points on the fatigue scale (absolute improvement) 3.8% (95% CI 2.0% to 5.6%) relative improvement NNTB 13 (95% CI 9 to 25) | |
| Sleep problems (0‐100 scale). Higher scores indicate more sleep problems | MOS baseline overall sleep problem index control group 58.5 (17.8) *** | The mean sleep problems in the intervention groups was | 3139 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | SMD ‐0.35 (‐0.43 to ‐0.27) 6.2% (95% CI 4.8% to 7.7%) fewer points on the sleep problem scale (absolute improvement) 10.6% (95% CI 82.% to 13.1%) relative improvement NNTB 7 (95% CI 5 to 8) | |
| Withdrawal due to adverse events | 110 per 1000 | 185 per 1000 | RR 1.68 | 3259 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | Absolute risk difference (more withdrawal due to adverse events) 8% (95% CI 5% to 12%) Relative per cent worsening 68% (95% CI 36% to 107%) NNTH 13 (95% CI 9 to 23) |
| Serious adverse events | 41 per 1000 | 42 per 1000 | RR 1.03 | 2729 | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ | Absolute risk difference 0 (95% CI ‐1 to 1) Relative per cent change 0 (95% CI ‐1 to 1) Not statistically significant |
| Dizziness reported to be an adverse event | 93 per 1000 | 350 per 1000 | RR 3.77 | 3257 | ⊕⊕⊕⊕ | Absolute risk difference (more dizziness) 28% (95% CI 24% to 32%) Relative per cent worsening 277% (95% CI 206% to 363%) NNTH 4 (95% CI 3 to 5) |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; MAF: Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue; MOS: Medical Outcomes Study; NNTB: number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome; NNTH: number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome; NRS: numeric rating scale; RR: risk ratio; SMD: standardised mean difference. | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
| 1 Frequency of serious adverse events not reported by one study. ** Arnold 2008: n = 190 participants; MAF (NRS 1‐50). *** Arnold 2008: n = 190 participants; MOS Overall Sleep Problems Index (NRS 0‐100). | ||||||
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Pain Show forest plot | 1 | 119 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.49 [‐0.86, ‐0.13] |
| 2 50% pain reduction Show forest plot | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.6 [1.01, 2.53] |
| 3 Sleep problems Show forest plot | 1 | 119 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.71 [‐1.08, ‐0.34] |
| 4 Health‐related quality of life Show forest plot | 1 | 119 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.66 [‐1.03, ‐0.29] |
| 5 Withdrawal due to adverse events Show forest plot | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.71 [0.71, 4.11] |
| 6 Dizziness Show forest plot | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.71 [1.21, 6.07] |
| 7 30% pain reduction Show forest plot | 1 | 150 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.65 [1.10, 2.48] |
| 8 Depression Show forest plot | 1 | 119 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.52 [‐0.89, ‐0.16] |
| 9 Disability Show forest plot | 1 | 119 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.94 [‐1.32, ‐0.56] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Pain Show forest plot | 1 | 158 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.25 [‐0.56, 0.07] |
| 2 Fatigue Show forest plot | 1 | 121 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.07 [‐0.43, 0.28] |
| 3 Sleep problems Show forest plot | 1 | 158 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.19 [‐0.51, 0.12] |
| 4 Health‐related quality of life Show forest plot | 1 | 157 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.15 [‐0.47, 0.16] |
| 5 Serious adverse events Show forest plot | 1 | 159 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.15 [0.01, 2.82] |
| 6 Dizziness Show forest plot | 1 | 159 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.34 [1.08, 5.06] |
| 7 Anxiety Show forest plot | 1 | 133 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [‐0.34, 0.34] |
| 8 Depression Show forest plot | 1 | 134 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.11 [‐0.23, 0.45] |
| 9 Disability Show forest plot | 1 | 158 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.19 [‐0.51, 0.12] |
| 10 Patient Global Impression of Change 'much' or 'very much' improved Show forest plot | 1 | 134 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.32 [0.85, 2.04] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Pain Show forest plot | 1 | 50 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.21 [‐0.77, 0.36] |
| 2 50% pain reduction Show forest plot | 1 | 66 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.52 [0.43, 5.34] |
| 3 Sleep problems Show forest plot | 1 | 50 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.16 [‐0.72, 0.40] |
| 4 Health‐related quality of life Show forest plot | 1 | 50 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.14 [‐0.42, 0.70] |
| 5 Withdrawal due to adverse events Show forest plot | 1 | 66 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.21, 3.56] |
| 6 Dizziness Show forest plot | 1 | 66 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.3 [1.02, 1.66] |
| 7 30% pain reduction Show forest plot | 1 | 66 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.23 [0.65, 2.33] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Pain Show forest plot | 5 | 3252 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.28 [‐0.35, ‐0.20] |
| 1.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 175 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.10 [‐0.45, 0.24] |
| 1.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 913 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.24 [‐0.39, ‐0.09] |
| 1.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 915 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.36 [‐0.51, ‐0.20] |
| 1.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 751 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.30 [‐0.51, ‐0.09] |
| 1.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.24 [‐0.41, ‐0.06] |
| 2 50% pain reduction Show forest plot | 5 | 3256 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.59 [1.33, 1.90] |
| 2.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 175 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.39, 2.19] |
| 2.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 915 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.45 [1.03, 2.05] |
| 2.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 916 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.75 [1.23, 2.49] |
| 2.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 752 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.51 [1.04, 2.20] |
| 2.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.88 [1.26, 2.83] |
| 3 Fatigue Show forest plot | 5 | 3195 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.17 [‐0.25, ‐0.09] |
| 3.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 165 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.20 [‐0.56, 0.15] |
| 3.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 892 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.16 [‐0.31, ‐0.01] |
| 3.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 897 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.15 [‐0.30, 0.01] |
| 3.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 743 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.08 [‐0.25, 0.09] |
| 3.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.31 [‐0.49, ‐0.14] |
| 4 Sleep problems Show forest plot | 5 | 3193 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.35 [‐0.43, ‐0.27] |
| 4.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 163 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.80, ‐0.08] |
| 4.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 897 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.29 [‐0.44, ‐0.14] |
| 4.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 893 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.45 [‐0.63, ‐0.27] |
| 4.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 744 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.40 [‐0.57, ‐0.23] |
| 4.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 or 450 mg/d | 1 | 496 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.20 [‐0.37, ‐0.02] |
| 5 Health‐related quality of life Show forest plot | 4 | 2724 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.17 [‐0.26, ‐0.09] |
| 5.1 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 3 | 738 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.12 [‐0.28, 0.05] |
| 5.2 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 3 | 737 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.24 [‐0.41, ‐0.07] |
| 5.3 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 751 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.14 [‐0.31, 0.02] |
| 5.4 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.20 [‐0.37, ‐0.02] |
| 6 Withdrawal due to adverse events Show forest plot | 5 | 3259 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.68 [1.36, 2.07] |
| 6.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 175 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.19 [0.35, 4.08] |
| 6.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 917 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.54 [1.02, 2.34] |
| 6.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 917 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.02 [1.32, 3.09] |
| 6.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 752 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.53 [1.65, 3.86] |
| 6.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.65, 1.57] |
| 7 Serious adverse events Show forest plot | 4 | 2729 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.71, 1.49] |
| 7.1 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 3 | 738 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.50, 1.86] |
| 7.2 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 3 | 741 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.52, 2.03] |
| 7.3 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 752 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.55, 1.87] |
| 7.4 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.98 [0.31, 28.42] |
| 8 Dizziness Show forest plot | 5 | 3257 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 3.77 [3.06, 4.63] |
| 8.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 175 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.44 [0.91, 6.54] |
| 8.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 916 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 3.11 [2.09, 4.65] |
| 8.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 917 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 3.95 [2.68, 5.82] |
| 8.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 751 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 4.00 [2.65, 6.03] |
| 8.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 4.89 [2.89, 8.28] |
| 9 30% pain reduction Show forest plot | 5 | 3259 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.37 [1.22, 1.53] |
| 9.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 176 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.62, 1.77] |
| 9.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 916 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.35 [1.08, 1.68] |
| 9.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 917 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.49 [1.20, 1.85] |
| 9.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 752 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.37 [1.07, 1.76] |
| 9.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.32 [1.04, 1.68] |
| 10 Anxiety Show forest plot | 5 | 3214 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.12 [‐0.20, ‐0.04] |
| 10.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 166 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.07 [‐0.28, 0.42] |
| 10.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 903 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.05 [‐0.20, 0.10] |
| 10.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 900 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.15 [‐0.30, 0.00] |
| 10.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 749 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.16 [‐0.32, 0.01] |
| 10.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 496 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.17 [‐0.35, 0.01] |
| 11 Depression Show forest plot | 5 | 3212 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.09 [‐0.16, ‐0.01] |
| 11.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 165 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.10 [‐0.45, 0.25] |
| 11.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 902 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.05 [‐0.20, 0.10] |
| 11.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 900 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.13 [‐0.28, 0.02] |
| 11.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 749 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.06 [‐0.23, 0.10] |
| 11.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 496 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.09 [‐0.27, 0.08] |
| 12 Disability Show forest plot | 5 | 3145 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.01 [‐0.11, 0.09] |
| 12.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 166 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.11 [‐0.24, 0.47] |
| 12.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 879 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.04 [‐0.11, 0.20] |
| 12.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 888 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.00 [‐0.17, 0.18] |
| 12.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 714 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.03 [‐0.14, 0.21] |
| 12.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 498 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.29 [‐0.47, ‐0.12] |
| 13 Patient Global Impression of Change 'much' or 'very much' improved Show forest plot | 5 | 3183 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.38 [1.23, 1.55] |
| 13.1 Pregabalin 150 mg/d | 1 | 175 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.30 [0.74, 2.29] |
| 13.2 Pregabalin 300 mg/d | 4 | 886 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.25 [0.99, 1.57] |
| 13.3 Pregabalin 450 mg/d | 4 | 892 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.54 [1.15, 2.06] |
| 13.4 Pregabalin 600 mg/d | 3 | 734 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.37 [1.06, 1.76] |
| 13.5 Pregabalin flexible 300 mg/d or 450 mg/d | 1 | 496 | Risk Ratio (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.44 [1.11, 1.87] |
