Appendix 1. MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy

1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp intracranial arteriovenous malformations/ or exp “intracranial embolism and thrombosis”/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/
2. brain injuries/ or brain injury, chronic/
3. (stroke$ or cva or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc$ or cerebral vascular).tw
4. ((cerebral or cerebellar or brain$ or vertebrobasilar) adj5 (infarct$ or isch?emi$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or apoplexy)).tw.
5. ((cerebral or brain or subarachnoid) adj5 (haemorrhage or hemorrhage or haematoma or hematoma or bleed$)).tw.
6. exp hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/
7. (hempar$ or hemipleg$ or paresis or paretic or brain injur$).tw.
8. Gait Disorders, Neurologic/
9. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8
10. telemedicine/ or telemetry/ or exp videoconferencing/ or telecommunications/ or computer communication networks/ or remote consultation/ or remote sensing technology/ or exp telephone/ or electronic mail/ or internet/
11. (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication$ or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc$ or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference$ or tele‐conference$ or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health).tw
12. (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap$).tw.
13. ((rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or communication or consultation) adj5 (telephone$ or phone$ or video$ or internet$ or computer$ or sensor$ or modem or webcam or website$ or email)).tw.
14. ((remote$ or distance$ or distant) adj5 (rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or physio$ or occupational therap$ or communication or consultation or care or specialist$ or monitor$ or virtual reality or virtual environment$ or technolog$)).tw.
15. (tele adj3 (game$ or game$ or exergame$ or virtual reality$)).tw.
16. 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15
17. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/
18. random allocation/
19. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/
20. control groups/
21. clinical trials as topic/
22. double‐blind method/ or single‐blind method/
23. Placebos/
24. placebo effect/
25. cross‐over studies/
26. Multicenter Studies as Topic/
27. Therapies, Investigational/
28. Research Design/
29. Program Evaluation/
30. evaluation studies as topic/
31. randomized controlled trial.pt.
32. controlled clinical trial.pt.
33. clinical trial.pt.
34. multicenter study.pt.
35. (evaluation studies or comparative study).pt.
36. random$.tw.
37. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
38. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
39. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
40. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
41. ((multicenter or multicentre or therapeutic) adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
42. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
43. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
44. (coin adj5 (flip or flipped or toss$)).tw.
45. latin square.tw.
46. versus.tw.
47. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
48. placebo$.tw.
49. sham.tw.
50. (assign$ or alternate or allocat$ or counterbalance$ or multiple baseline).tw.
51. controls.tw.
52. (treatment$ adj6 order).tw.
53. or/17‐52
54. 9 and 16 and 53
55.  exp animals/ not humans.sh
56 54 not 55