Intervenciones para la prevención del acoso laboral
Appendices
Appendix 1. Search Strategies
OSH (International bibliographic, CISDOC, HSELINE, NIOSHTIC, NIOSHTIC‐2, RILOSH; OSH UPDATE; via The Cochrane Library)
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DC{ OUBIB or OUCISD or OUHSEL or OUNIOC OR OUNIOS or OURILO}
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GW{bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR personality clash OR horizontal violence}
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GW{cross over* or double blind* or singl* blind* or clinical trial*}
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GW{random* or factorial* or crossover* or placebo* or assign* or allocat* or volunteer*}
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#3 OR #4 #1
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AND #2 AND #5
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GW{controlled trial* or evaluation or intervention stud* or comparative stud* or controlled stud* or experiment* or time series or impact* or intervention* or chang* or evaluat* or effect*}
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GW{before and after}
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#7 OR #8
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#1 AND #2 AND #9
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#10 NOT #6
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GW{((work* or occupation* or prevention* or protect*) and (effect* or control* or evaluation* or program*))}
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#1 AND #2 AND #12
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#13 NOT (#6 OR #10)
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#6 OR #11 OR #14
CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library)
bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR Mobbing* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR "Personality clash" OR "horizontal violence"
2. MeSH descriptor Work, this term only
3. MeSH descriptor Workplace, this term only
4. MeSH descriptor Employment, this term only
5. MeSH descriptor Health Personnel, explode all trees
6. MeSH descriptor Occupational Health Services, explode all trees
7. MeSH descriptor Health Care Sector, explode tree 1
8. ( workplace* OR worksite* OR "workplace" OR "workplaces" OR "worksite" OR "worksites" OR "work setting" OR "work settings" OR "work environment" OR "work location" OR "work locations" OR Job):ti,ab,kw or (work*):ti
9. (worker* OR Staff OR personnel OR "human resources" Or colleague* OR Nurse* OR doctor* OR Physician* OR midwife* OR midwives* OR "allied health professionals" OR employee* OR employer*):ti,ab,kw
10. (small AND medium* AND enterpri*):ti,ab,kw
11. (company OR Companies OR business* OR factory OR factories OR Office* OR organisation* OR organization*):ti,ab,kw and(scheme OR strategy OR strategies OR policy OR policies OR climate OR culture OR sociocultural OR program OR programs):ti,ab,kw
12. (legislati*):ti,ab,kw
13. (#2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12)
14. (#1 AND #13)
PUBMED (via Ovid)
1.bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR mobbing* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR "personality clash" OR "horizontal violence"
2.Work[Mesh] OR Workplace[Mesh] OR Employment[Mesh] OR Health personnel[Mesh] OR Occupational Health Services[Mesh] OR Health Care Sector[Mesh]
3.workplace*[tiab] OR worksite*[tiab] OR "work place"[tiab] OR "work places"[tiab] OR "work site"[tiab] OR "work sites"[tiab] OR "work setting"[tiab] OR "work settings"[tiab] OR "work environment"[tiab] OR "work location"[tiab] OR "work locations"[tiab] OR job[tiab] OR work*[ti]
4.worker*[tiab] OR staff[tiab] OR personnel[tiab] OR "human resources"[tiab] OR colleague*[tiab] OR nurse*[tiab] OR doctor*[tiab] OR physician*[tiab] OR midwife*[tiab] OR midwives*[tiab] OR "allied health professionals"[tiab] OR employee*[tiab] OR employer*[tiab]
5. small[tiab] AND medium*[tiab] AND enterpri*[tiab]
6.(company[tiab] OR companies[tiab] OR business*[tiab] OR factory[tiab] OR factories[tiab] OR office*[tiab] OR organisation*[tiab] OR organization*[tiab]) AND (scheme[tiab] OR strategy[tiab] OR strategies[tiab] OR policy[tiab] OR policies[tiab] OR climate[tiab] OR culture[tiab] OR sociocultural[tiab] OR program[tiab] OR programs[tiab])
7.intervention* OR legislati*[tiab]
8. 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7
9.1 AND 8
10. (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR controlled clinical trial[pt] OR randomized[tiab] OR placebo[tiab] OR drug therapy[sh] OR randomly[tiab] OR trial[tiab] OR groups[tiab] NOT (animals [mh] NOT humans [mh]))
11.9 AND 10
12."Controlled Clinical Trial"[pt] OR "Evaluation Studies"[pt] OR "Comparative Study" [pt]
13."Intervention Studies"[Mesh] OR "Random Allocation"[Mesh] OR "Evaluation Studies as Topic"[Mesh] OR "Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic"[Mesh]
14. "pre test"[tw] OR "post test"[tw] OR pretest[tw] OR posttest[tw] OR impact[tw] OR intervention*[tw] OR chang*[tw] OR evaluat*[tw] OR effect*[tw] OR "before and after"[tiab] OR randomized[tiab] OR randomised[tiab] OR placebo[tiab] OR randomly[tiab] OR trial[tiab] OR groups[tiab]
15. Animals[Mesh] NOT Humans[Mesh]
16. (12 OR 13 OR 14) NOT 15
17.9 AND 16
18. 17 NOT 11
19. (effect*[tw] OR control[tw] OR controls*[tw] OR controla*[tw] OR controle*[tw] OR controli*[tw] OR controll*[tw] OR evaluation*[tw] OR program*[tw]) AND (work[tw] OR works*[tw] OR work*[tw] OR worka*[tw] OR worke*[tw] OR workg*[tw] OR worki*[tw] OR workl*[tw] OR workp*[tw] OR occupation*[tw] OR prevention*[tw] OR protect*[tw])
20. 9 AND 19
21. 20 NOT (11 OR 17)
22. 11 OR 17 OR 20
EMBASE (via Ovid)
1. 'bullying'/exp
2. bullying:ab,ti OR bully:ab,ti OR bullie*:ab,ti OR harassment*:ab,ti OR mobbing*:ab,ti OR intimidat*:ab,ti OR aggression:ab,ti
3. 'personality clash' OR 'horizontal violence'
4. #1 OR #2 OR #3
5. 'work'/exp OR 'employment'/exp OR 'health care personnel'/exp OR 'occupational health service'/exp OR 'named groups by occupation'/exp OR 'work environment'/de
6. workplace*:ab,ti OR worksite*:ab,ti OR 'work place':ab,ti OR 'work places':ab,ti OR 'work site':ab,ti OR 'work sites':ab,ti OR 'work setting':ab,ti OR 'work settings':ab,ti OR 'work environment':ab,ti OR job:ab,ti OR work*:ti
7. small NEXT/5 medium* AND enterpri*
8. worker*:ab,ti OR staff:ab,ti OR personnel:ab,ti OR 'human resources':ab,ti OR colleague*:ab,ti OR nurse*:ab,ti OR doctor*:ab,ti OR physician*:ab,ti OR midwife*:ab,ti OR midwives*:ab,ti OR 'allied health professionals':ab,ti OR 'allied health personnel':ab,ti OR employee*:ab,ti OR employer*:ab,ti
9. (company:ab,ti OR companies:ab,ti OR business*:ab,ti OR factory:ab,ti OR factories:ab,ti OR office*:ab,ti OR organisation*:ab,ti OR organization*:ab,ti) AND (scheme:ab,ti OR strategy:ab,ti OR strategies:ab,ti OR policy:ab,ti OR policies:ab,ti OR climate:ab,ti OR culture:ab,ti OR sociocultural:ab,ti OR program:ab,ti OR programs:ab,ti)
10. legislati*:ab,ti OR intervention*:ab,ti
11. #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10
12. #4 AND #11
13. #12 AND [embase]/lim NOT [medline]/lim
14. random* OR factorial* OR crossover* OR cross NEXT/1 over* OR placebo* OR doubl* NEXT/1 blind* OR singl* NEXT/1 blind* OR assign* OR allocat* OR volunteer*
15. 'crossover procedure'/exp OR 'double blind procedure'/exp OR 'single blind procedure'/exp OR 'randomized controlled trial'/exp
16. 'clinical trial (topic)'/exp
17. #14 OR #15 OR #16
18. #13 AND #17
19. 'evaluation'/exp OR 'intervention study'/exp OR 'comparative study'/exp OR 'controlled study'/exp
20. 'pre test':ab,ti OR pretest:ab,ti OR 'post test':ab,ti OR posttest:ab,ti
21. experiment*:ab,ti OR 'time series':ab,ti OR impact*:ab,ti OR intervention*:ab,ti OR chang*:ab,ti OR evaluat*:ab,ti OR effect*:ab,ti OR 'before and after':ab,ti OR trial:ab OR groups:ab
22. #19 OR #20 OR #21
23. #13 AND #22
24. #23 NOT #18
25. (effect* OR control* OR evaluation* OR program*) AND (work* OR occupation* OR prevention* OR protect*)
26. #13 AND #25
27. #26 NOT (#18 OR #23)
28. #18 OR #23 OR #26
PsycINFO (via Ovid)
1. bullying/
2. exp Harassment/
3. (bullying or bully or bullie* or harassment* or intimidat* or aggression*).ab,ti.
4. personality clash.mp.
5. horizontal violence.mp.
6. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5
7. exp Health Personnel/
8. exp Occupational Health/
9. exp Occupations/
10. personnel/
11. employee interaction/
12. (workplace* or worksite* or work place* or work site* or work setting* or work environment* or job).ab,ti.
13. (small* adj5 medium* adj5 enterpri*).mp.
14. (worker* or staff or personnel or human resources or colleague* or nurse* or doctor* or physician* or midwife* or midwives* or allied health professionals or
allied health personnel or employee* or employer*).ab,ti.
15. work*.ti.
16. 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15
17. ((company or companies or business* or factory or factories or office* or organization* or organisation*) and (scheme or strategy or strategies or policy or
policies or climate or culture or sociocultural or program or programs)).ab,ti.
18. legislati*.ab,ti.
19.16 or 17 or 18
20. 6 and 19
21. (random* or factorial* or crossover* or placebo* or assign* or allocat* or volunteer*).mp.
22. (cross over* or double blind* or singl* blind*).mp.
23. clinical trials/
24. 21 or 22 or 23
25. 20 and 24
26. (controlled trial* or evaluation or intervention stud* or comparative stud* or controlled stud*).ab,ti.
27. (experiment* or time series or impact* or intervention* or chang* or evaluat* or effect*).ab,ti.
28. (before and after).ab,ti.
29. intervention/
30. 26 or 27 or 28 or 29
31. 20 and 30
32. 31 not 25
33. ((work* or occupation* or prevention* or protect*) and (effect* or control* or evaluation* or program*)).mp.
34. 20 and 33
35. 34 not (25 or 31)
36. 25 or 31 or 34
CINAHL Plus (via EBSCO host)
1. TX bully*
2. TX bullies
3. AB harass*
4. AB intimidat*
5. TX mobbing
6. AB aggress*
7. TX "personality clash"
8. TX "horizontal violence"
9. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8
10. AB work*
11.AB employ*
12. AB occupation*
13. AB job
14. AB staff
15. AB personnel
16. TX "human resources"
17. AB colleague*
18. TX enterpri*
19. TX compan*
20. TX business*
21. TX factory
22. TX factories
23. TX office*
24. TX organisation*
25. TX organization*
26. 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25
27. AB random*
28. AB control*
29. AB therapy
30. AB placebo
31. AB trial
32. AB evaluat*
33. TX study
34. TX impact
35. TX intervention*
36. TX chang*
37. AB effect*
38. AB prevent*
39. AB protect*
40. AB program*
41. 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 40
42. 9 and 26 and 41
IBSS (via EBSCO host)
#1. bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR mobbing* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR "personality clash" OR "horizontal violence"
#2. Work OR Workplace OR Employment OR Health personnel OR Occupational Health Services OR Health Care Sector
#3. AB,TI(workplace*) OR AB,TI (worksite*) OR AB,TI (work place) OR AB,TI (work places) OR AB,TI (work site) OR AB,TI (work sites) OR AB,TI (work setting) OR AB,TI (work settings) OR AB,TI (work environment) OR AB,TI (work location) OR AB,TI (work locations) OR AB,TI (job) OR AB,TI (work*)
#4. AB,TI(worker*) OR AB,TI(staff) OR AB,TI(personnel) OR AB,TI(human resources) OR AB,TI(colleague*) OR AB,TI(nurse*) OR AB,TI(doctor*) OR AB,TI(physician*) OR AB,TI(midwife*) OR AB,TI(midwives*) OR AB,TI(allied health professionals) OR AB,TI(employee*) OR AB,TI( employer*)
#5. AB,TI(small) AND AB,TI(medium*) AND AB,TI(enterpri*)
#6. (AB,TI(company) OR AB,TI(companies) OR AB,TI(business*) OR AB,TI(factory) OR AB,TI(factories) OR AB,TI(office*) OR AB,TI(organisation*) OR AB,TI(organization*)) AND (AB,TI(scheme) OR AB,TI(strategy) OR AB,TI(strategies) OR AB,TI(policy) OR AB,TI(policies) OR AB,TI(climate) OR AB,TI(culture) OR AB,TI(sociocultural) OR AB,TI(program) OR AB,TI(programs))
#7. AB,TI(intervention*) OR AB,TI(legislati*)
#8. #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7
#9. #1 AND #8
#10. (randomized controlled trial OR controlled clinical trial OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR drug therapy OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups) NOT (animals NOT humans))
#11. #9 AND #10
#12. (Controlled Clinical Trial) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Comparative Study)
#13. (Intervention Studies) OR (Random Allocation) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials)
#14. “pre test” OR “post test” OR pretest OR posttest OR impact OR intervention* OR chang* OR evaluat* OR effect* OR AB,TI(“before and after”) OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(randomised) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups)
#15. Animals NOT Humans
#16. (#12 OR #13 OR #14) NOT #15
#17. #9 AND #16
#18. #17 NOT #11
#19. (effect* OR control OR controls* OR controla* OR controle* OR controli* OR controll* OR evaluation* OR program*) AND (work OR works* OR work'* OR worka* OR worke* OR workg* OR worki* OR workl* OR workp* OR occupation* OR prevention* OR protect*)
#20. #9 AND #19
#21. #20 NOT (#11 OR #17)
#22. #11 OR #17 OR #20
ASSIA (via EBSCO host)
#1. bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR mobbing* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR "personality clash" OR "horizontal violence"
#2. Work OR Workplace OR Employment OR Health personnel OR Occupational Health Services OR Health Care Sector
#3. AB,TI(workplace*) OR AB,TI (worksite*) OR AB,TI (work place) OR AB,TI (work places) OR AB,TI (work site) OR AB,TI (work sites) OR AB,TI (work setting) OR AB,TI (work settings) OR AB,TI (work environment) OR AB,TI (work location) OR AB,TI (work locations) OR AB,TI (job) OR AB,TI (work*)
#4. AB,TI(worker*) OR AB,TI(staff) OR AB,TI(personnel) OR AB,TI(human resources) OR AB,TI(colleague*) OR AB,TI(nurse*) OR AB,TI(doctor*) OR AB,TI(physician*) OR AB,TI(midwife*) OR AB,TI(midwives*) OR AB,TI(allied health professionals) OR AB,TI(employee*) OR AB,TI( employer*)
#5. AB,TI(small) AND AB,TI(medium*) AND AB,TI(enterpri*)
#6. (AB,TI(company) OR AB,TI(companies) OR AB,TI(business*) OR AB,TI(factory) OR AB,TI(factories) OR AB,TI(office*) OR AB,TI(organisation*) OR AB,TI(organization*)) AND (AB,TI(scheme) OR AB,TI(strategy) OR AB,TI(strategies) OR AB,TI(policy) OR AB,TI(policies) OR AB,TI(climate) OR AB,TI(culture) OR AB,TI(sociocultural) OR AB,TI(program) OR AB,TI(programs))
#7. AB,TI(intervention*) OR AB,TI(legislati*)
#8. #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7
#9. #1 AND #8
#10. (randomized controlled trial OR controlled clinical trial OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR drug therapy OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups) NOT (animals NOT humans))
#11. #9 AND #10
#12. (Controlled Clinical Trial) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Comparative Study)
#13. (Intervention Studies) OR (Random Allocation) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials)
#14. “pre test” OR “post test” OR pretest OR posttest OR impact OR intervention* OR chang* OR evaluat* OR effect* OR AB,TI(“before and after”) OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(randomised) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups)
#15. Animals NOT Humans
#16. (#12 OR #13 OR #14) NOT #15
#17. #9 AND #16
#18. #17 NOT #11
#19. (effect* OR control OR controls* OR controla* OR controle* OR controli* OR controll* OR evaluation* OR program*) AND (work OR works* OR work'* OR worka* OR worke* OR workg* OR worki* OR workl* OR workp* OR occupation* OR prevention* OR protect*)
#20. #9 AND #19
#21. #20 NOT (#11 OR #17)
#22. #11 OR #17 OR #20
ABI GLOBAL (via EBSCO host)
#1. bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR mobbing* OR intimidat* OR aggression* OR "personality clash" OR "horizontal violence"
#2. Work OR Workplace OR Employment OR Health personnel OR Occupational Health Services OR Health Care Sector
#3. AB,TI(workplace*) OR AB,TI (worksite*) OR AB,TI (work place) OR AB,TI (work places) OR AB,TI (work site) OR AB,TI (work sites) OR AB,TI (work setting) OR AB,TI (work settings) OR AB,TI (work environment) OR AB,TI (work location) OR AB,TI (work locations) OR AB,TI (job) OR AB,TI (work*)
#4. AB,TI(worker*) OR AB,TI(staff) OR AB,TI(personnel) OR AB,TI(human resources) OR AB,TI(colleague*) OR AB,TI(nurse*) OR AB,TI(doctor*) OR AB,TI(physician*) OR AB,TI(midwife*) OR AB,TI(midwives*) OR AB,TI(allied health professionals) OR AB,TI(employee*) OR AB,TI( employer*)
#5. AB,TI(small) AND AB,TI(medium*) AND AB,TI(enterpri*)
#6. (AB,TI(company) OR AB,TI(companies) OR AB,TI(business*) OR AB,TI(factory) OR AB,TI(factories) OR AB,TI(office*) OR AB,TI(organisation*) OR AB,TI(organization*)) AND (AB,TI(scheme) OR AB,TI(strategy) OR AB,TI(strategies) OR AB,TI(policy) OR AB,TI(policies) OR AB,TI(climate) OR AB,TI(culture) OR AB,TI(sociocultural) OR AB,TI(program) OR AB,TI(programs))
#7. AB,TI(intervention*) OR AB,TI(legislati*)
#8. #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7
#9. #1 AND #8
#10. (randomized controlled trial OR controlled clinical trial OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR drug therapy OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups) NOT (animals NOT humans))
#11. #9 AND #10
#12. (Controlled Clinical Trial) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Comparative Study)
#13. (Intervention Studies) OR (Random Allocation) OR (Evaluation Studies) OR (Controlled Clinical Trials)
#14. “pre test” OR “post test” OR pretest OR posttest OR impact OR intervention* OR chang* OR evaluat* OR effect* OR AB,TI(“before and after”) OR AB,TI(randomized) OR AB,TI(randomised) OR AB,TI(placebo) OR AB,TI(randomly) OR AB,TI( trial) OR AB,TI(groups)
#15. Animals NOT Humans
#16. (#12 OR #13 OR #14) NOT #15
#17. #9 AND #16
#18. #17 NOT #11
#19. (effect* OR control OR controls* OR controla* OR controle* OR controli* OR controll* OR evaluation* OR program*) AND (work OR works* OR work'* OR worka* OR worke* OR workg* OR worki* OR workl* OR workp* OR occupation* OR prevention* OR protect*)
#20. #9 AND #19
#21. #20 NOT (#11 OR #17)
#22. #11 OR #17 OR #20
Business Source Premier (via EBSCO host)
1. 'Bullying in the workplace'
2. Scholarly Peer Reviewed Journals
3. S1 & S2
OpenGrey (Previously OpenSIGLE‐System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe)
1. (bullying OR bully OR bullie* OR harassment* OR intimidat* OR aggression*) AND (workplace* OR work site* OR work setting* OR work environment* OR job OR worker* OR staff OR personnel OR human resources OR colleague*) AND (scheme OR strategy OR strategies OR policy OR policies OR climate OR culture OR sociocultural OR program OR programs OR interven* OR legislati*)
PRISMA Study flow diagram.
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies using the Downs 1998 checklist.
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for included studies.
Comparison 1 CREW intervention vs no intervention, Outcome 1 Self‐reported civility.
Comparison 1 CREW intervention vs no intervention, Outcome 2 Self‐reported co‐worker incivility.
Comparison 1 CREW intervention vs no intervention, Outcome 3 Self‐reported supervisor incivility.
Comparison 1 CREW intervention vs no intervention, Outcome 4 Self‐reported frequency of incivility perpetration.
Comparison 1 CREW intervention vs no intervention, Outcome 5 Self‐reported absenteeism in previous month.
Comparison 2 Expressive writing vs. control writing, Outcome 1 Incivility victimisation (25th percentile pre‐test).
Comparison 2 Expressive writing vs. control writing, Outcome 2 Incivility victimisation (50th percentile pre‐test).
Comparison 2 Expressive writing vs. control writing, Outcome 3 Incivility victimisation (75th percentile pre‐test).
Comparison 2 Expressive writing vs. control writing, Outcome 4 Incivility victimisation (pooled).
Comparison 2 Expressive writing vs. control writing, Outcome 5 Incivility perpetration.
Comparison 3 Cognitive Behavioural intervention vs. no intervention, Outcome 1 Victimisation.
Comparison 3 Cognitive Behavioural intervention vs. no intervention, Outcome 2 Perpetration.
| Controlled before and after study | |||||
| Patient or population: Employees | |||||
| Outcomes | Absolute effects* | № of participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
| Risk with no intervention | Risk with CREW (95% CI) | ||||
| Self‐reported workplace civility, on a scale of 1 to 5; higher score more civility | Mean civility score was 3.58 points | Mean civility score was 0.17 higher (0.07 higher to 0.28 higher) | 2969 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported co‐worker incivility, on a scale of 0 to 6; higher score more frequent incivility Follow‐up: 6 months | Mean coworker incivility score was 0.76 points | Mean co‐worker incivility score was 0.08 lower (0.22 lower to 0.06 higher) | 907 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported supervisor incivility, on a scale of 0 to 6; higher score more frequent incivility Follow‐up: 6 months | Mean supervisor incivility score was 0.57 points | Mean supervisor incivility score was 0.17 lower (0.33 lower to 0.01 lower) | 907 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported frequency of incivility instigation, on a scale of 0 (never) ‐ 6 (daily) **; higher score more frequent incivility Follow‐up: 6 months | Mean incivility instigation score was 0.50 | Mean incivility instigation score was 0.05 lower (0.15 lower to 0.05 higher) | 907 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported days of absenteeism in previous month. Follow‐up: 6 months | Mean absenteeism in previous month was 0.83 days | Mean absenteeism in previous month was 0.63 days lower (0.92 lower to 0.34 lower) | 907 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI) | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | |||||
| 1 We would have downgraded the quality of evidence twice due to high risk of bias caused by study limitations (lack of randomisation and blinding, and use of self‐reporting instrument) and once due to imprecision (limited sample available for outcome measurement, limited matching pre‐ and post intervention). However, once was enough to reach very low quality evidence as we started at low quality evidence because the included studies used a controlled before‐after design. We found no reason to upgrade the quality of the evidence. | |||||
| Five‐arm cluster randomised trial | |||
| Patient or population: employees | |||
| Outcomes | Effect of the intervention | № of participants | Quality of the evidence |
| Bullying | Insufficient data reported for analysis | 1041 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ |
| Absenteeism | Insufficient data reported for analysis | 1041 (1 study) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | |||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | |||
| 1 We would have downgraded the quality of evidence once due to high risk of bias caused by study limitations (lack of blinding and use of self‐reporting instrument) and twice due to imprecision (study conducted in mixed settings and with unclear number of participants). However, once was enough to reach very low quality evidence as we started at low quality evidence because the included studies used a controlled before‐after design. We found no reason to upgrade the quality of the evidence. | |||
| Controlled before and after study | |||||
| Patient or population: employees | |||||
| Outcomes | Absolute effects* (95% CI) | № of participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
| Risk with Control writing | Risk with Expressive‐Writing | ||||
| Self‐reported frequency of incivility victimisation. | Mean number of incivility victimisations was 26 | Mean incivility victimisation in the intervention group was 3.3 fewer occurrences (5.4 fewer to 1.2 fewer) | 46 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported frequency of incivility perpetration. | Mean number of incivility perpetrations was 23 | Mean incivility perpetration in the intervention group was 3.5 fewer occurrences (6.2 fewer to 0.8 fewer) | 46 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | |||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | |||||
| 1. We would have downgraded the quality of evidence twice due to high risk of bias caused by study limitations (lack of randomisation and blinding, and use of self‐reporting instrument) and once due to imprecision (small sample size). However once was enough to reach very low quality evidence as we started at low quality evidence because the included studies used a controlled before‐after design. We found no reason to upgrade the quality of the evidence. | |||||
| Controlled before and after study | ||||||
| Patient or population: Adult workers with a learning disability | ||||||
| Outcomes | Absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
| Risk with no intervention (Waiting‐list control) | Risk with cognitive behavioural intervention | |||||
| Self‐reported victimisation. | 39 per 100 (18 to 64) | 21 per 100 (11 to 37) | RR 0.55 (0.24 to 1.25) | 60 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported victimisation. | 39 per 100 (18 to 64) | 19 per 100 (9.1 to 35) | RR 0.49 (0.21 to 1.15) | 60 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported perpetration. Post intervention. | 33 per 100 (14 to 59) | 21 per 100 (11 to 37) | RR 0.64 (0.27 to 1.54) | 60 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| Self‐reported perpetration. Three‐month follow‐up. | 28 per 100 (11 to 54) | 17 per 100 (7.5 to 32) | RR 0.69 (0.26 to 1.81) | 60 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝1 | |
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group Grades of Evidence | ||||||
| 1. We would have downgraded the quality of evidence twice due to high risk of bias caused by study limitations (lack of randomisation and blinding, and use of self‐reporting instrument) and once due to imprecision (small sample size). However, once was enough to reach very low quality evidence as we started at low quality evidence because the included studies used a controlled before‐after design. We found no reason to upgrade the quality of the evidence. | ||||||
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Self‐reported civility Show forest plot | 2 | Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI) | 0.17 [0.07, 0.28] | |
| 2 Self‐reported co‐worker incivility Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3 Self‐reported supervisor incivility Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4 Self‐reported frequency of incivility perpetration Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5 Self‐reported absenteeism in previous month Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Incivility victimisation (25th percentile pre‐test) Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2 Incivility victimisation (50th percentile pre‐test) Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3 Incivility victimisation (75th percentile pre‐test) Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4 Incivility victimisation (pooled) Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5 Incivility perpetration Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Victimisation Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 Pre‐intervention | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.2 Post‐intervention | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.3 Follow‐up at three months | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2 Perpetration Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.1 Pre‐intervention | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2.2 Post‐intervention | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2.3 Follow‐up at three months | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
