Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Attention and concentration, cancellation (No. of digits/2 min) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Attention and concentration, cancellation (No. of digits/2 min) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Speed of processing, Mental arithmetic (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Speed of processing, Mental arithmetic (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Speed of processing, Logical deduction (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Speed of processing, Logical deduction (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Speed of processing, Digit symbol substitution (No. of symbols/90s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Speed of processing, Digit symbol substitution (No. of symbols/90s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Sensorimotor function, choice reaction time (s/10‐no. of errors) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Sensorimotor function, choice reaction time (s/10‐no. of errors) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 8 Pure motor function, tapping (taps/30s) (Change from baseline: week 12).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 8 Pure motor function, tapping (taps/30s) (Change from baseline: week 12).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Attention and concentration, D2 (total score) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Attention and concentration, D2 (total score) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Learning and Memory, selective reminding (error index) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Learning and Memory, selective reminding (error index) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Learning and Memory, logical memory and reproduction (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Learning and Memory, logical memory and reproduction (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Learning and Memory, Rey‐Oestrich complex figure (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Learning and Memory, Rey‐Oestrich complex figure (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Sensorimotor function simple auditory reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Sensorimotor function simple auditory reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 8 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 8 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 9 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (maximum) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.9

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 9 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (maximum) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 10 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.10

Comparison 2 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 10 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory I (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory I (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory II (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory II (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates I (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates I (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates II (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates II (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Letter–Number Sequencing (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Letter–Number Sequencing (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Spatial span (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Spatial span (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Auditory recognition delayed (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 7 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Auditory recognition delayed (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 4).

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Working Memory, Corsi Block Digit span (Change from baseline: week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Working Memory, Corsi Block Digit span (Change from baseline: week 4).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Speed of attention (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Speed of attention (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Continuity of attention (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Continuity of attention (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Quality of memory (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Quality of memory (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 4 Speed of memory (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 4 Speed of memory (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 5 Working memory (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 5 Working memory (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 6 Secondary memory (Change from baseline: day 2).
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Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 6 Secondary memory (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 7 CDR battery, Choice Reaction Time (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 7 CDR battery, Choice Reaction Time (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 6 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 4).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 4).

Comparison 6 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Mood, Alertness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 Mood, Alertness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Mood, Contentedness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 2 Mood, Contentedness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7 Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 3 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Overall quality of life (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Overall quality of life (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 WHOQOL‐BREF, General health (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.2

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 2 WHOQOL‐BREF, General health (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 WHOQOL‐BREF, Physical health (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.3

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 3 WHOQOL‐BREF, Physical health (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 WHOQOL‐BREF, Psychological health (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.4

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 4 WHOQOL‐BREF, Psychological health (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.5

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 5 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 WHOQOL‐BREF, Environment (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.6

Comparison 8 Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group), Outcome 6 WHOQOL‐BREF, Environment (Change from baseline: week 8).

Comparison 9 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Cross‐over), Outcome 1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8).

Table 1. Species of Ginseng belonging to the genus Panax

Pinyin Name

English Name

Latin Name

Ren shen

Asian ginseng

Asiatic ginseng

Chinese ginseng

Ginseng

Korean ginseng

Manchurian ginseng

Oriental ginseng

Red ginseng (steamed & dried peeled roots)

White ginseng (sun‐dried roots)

Panax ginseng

Xi yang shen

American ginseng

Ginseng (USA)

Wild American ginseng

Occidental ginseng

Panax quinquefolius

Da ye san qi

Ri ben ren shen

Zhu jie shen

Japanese ginseng

Panax japonicus

Xia ye zhu jie shen

Xia ye jia ren shen

Narrow‐leaved Japanese ginseng

Panax japonicus

San qi

Notoginseng

Sanchi ginseng (USA)

San‐qi ginseng (USA)

South China ginseng

Tien‐qi ginseng

Yunnan ginseng

Panax notoginseng

Jia ren shen

False ginseng

Nepal ginseng

Himalayan ginseng

Pseudoginseng

Panax pseudoginseng

Xiu li jia ren shen

Elegant pseudoginseng

Pearl ginseng

Panax pseudoginseng

Zhu zi shen

Pearl ginseng

Panax pseudoginseng

Bai san qi

Ping bian san qi

Tu san qi

Ye san qi

Zhu jie qi

Pingpien ginseng

Panax stipuleanatus

San ye ren shen

Dwarf ginseng

Groundnut (USA)

Panax trifolius

Yue nan ren shen

Ou mei san qi

Bamboo ginseng

Vietnamese ginseng

Panax vietnamensis

Xia ye jia ren shen

Narrow‐leaved pseudoginseng

Panax wangianus

Jiang zhuang san qi

Ginger ginseng

Ginger‐like pseudo‐ginseng

Panax zingiberensis

Reference:

Court 2000

Multilingual multiscript plant name database

http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Panax.html#bipinnatifidus

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Species of Ginseng belonging to the genus Panax
Comparison 1. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Attention and concentration, cancellation (No. of digits/2 min) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.0 [‐1.76, 5.76]

2 Speed of processing, Mental arithmetic (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.12 [0.03, 0.21]

3 Speed of processing, Logical deduction (correct responses/s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.02 [‐0.02, 0.06]

4 Speed of processing, Digit symbol substitution (No. of symbols/90s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.0 [‐5.32, 3.32]

5 Sensorimotor function, choice reaction time (s/10‐no. of errors) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.01 [‐0.02, ‐0.01]

6 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.01, 0.01]

7 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction time (s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.01, 0.01]

8 Pure motor function, tapping (taps/30s) (Change from baseline: week 12) Show forest plot

1

32

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐8.0 [‐14.66, ‐1.34]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group)
Comparison 2. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Attention and concentration, D2 (total score) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.0 [‐11.15, 19.15]

2 Learning and Memory, selective reminding (error index) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.4 [0.82, 7.98]

3 Learning and Memory, logical memory and reproduction (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.74, 0.74]

4 Learning and Memory, Rey‐Oestrich complex figure (units lost) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐1.46, 1.86]

5 Sensorimotor function, simple auditory reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐6.60 [‐15.72, 2.52]

6 Sensorimotor function simple auditory reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐9.8 [‐22.69, 3.09]

7 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (10 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.70 [‐11.26, 3.86]

8 Sensorimotor function, simple visual reaction times (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.2 [‐11.63, 7.23]

9 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (maximum) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.6 [‐3.67, 0.47]

10 Pure motor function, finger‐tapping (50 Percentile) (Change from baseline: week 8 to 9) Show forest plot

1

112

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.5 [‐5.07, 0.07]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function healthy participants (Parallel Group)
Comparison 3. Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory I (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.62, 1.02]

2 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Logical memory II (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.09 [‐0.95, 0.77]

3 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates I (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.46 [‐1.22, 0.30]

4 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Verbal paired associates II (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.60 [‐1.31, 0.11]

5 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Letter–Number Sequencing (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.76 [‐1.52, ‐0.00]

6 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Spatial span (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.23 [‐1.16, 0.70]

7 Wechsler Memory Scale‐III (WMS‐III), Auditory recognition delayed (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.38 [‐0.43, 1.19]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Parallel Group)
Comparison 4. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 4) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.06 [‐0.10, ‐0.02]

2 Working Memory, Speed of carrying out 3‐Back task (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.06 [‐0.11, ‐0.01]

3 Working Memory, Corsi Block Digit span (Change from baseline: week 4) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

0.28 [‐0.02, 0.57]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over)
Comparison 5. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Speed of attention (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐25.61 [‐46.79, ‐4.43]

2 Continuity of attention (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.32 [‐1.65, 1.01]

3 Quality of memory (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.28 [‐28.57, 24.01]

4 Speed of memory (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

28.17 [‐82.25, 138.59]

5 Working memory (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐0.02, 0.12]

6 Secondary memory (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.33 [‐27.70, 23.04]

7 CDR battery, Choice Reaction Time (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐22.09 [‐36.92, ‐7.26]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for cognitive function in healthy participants (Cross‐over)
Comparison 6. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 4) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐9.31 [‐14.29, ‐4.34]

2 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.91 [‐7.96, ‐3.85]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 6. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over)
Comparison 7. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Mood, Alertness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

1.2 [‐4.68, 7.08]

2 Mood, Contentedness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.63 [‐4.00, 4.74]

3 Mood, Calmness ( Bond‐Lader Visual Analogue Scales) (Change from baseline: day 2) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.88 [‐9.56, 5.80]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 7. Ginseng extract (400mg/day) vs placebo for behavior in healthy participants (Cross‐over)
Comparison 8. Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Overall quality of life (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.01, 0.35]

2 WHOQOL‐BREF, General health (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.34 [0.16, 0.52]

3 WHOQOL‐BREF, Physical health (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.78 [0.21, 7.35]

4 WHOQOL‐BREF, Psychological health (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.38 [‐1.17, 5.93]

5 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.02 [‐0.42, 8.46]

6 WHOQOL‐BREF, Environment (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

99

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [‐2.83, 4.03]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 8. Ginseng Compound HT008‐1 (5200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Parallel Group)
Comparison 9. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Cross‐over)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 WHOQOL‐BREF, Social relationships (Change from baseline: week 8) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.43, 2.24]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 9. Ginseng extract (200mg/day) vs placebo for quality of life in healthy participants (Cross‐over)