Edukacija u trudnoći za dulje trajanje dojenja
Abstract
Background
Breastfeeding (BF) is well recognised as the best food for infants. The impact of antenatal BF education on the duration of BF has not been evaluated.
Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal BF education for increasing BF initiation and duration.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (2 December 2011), CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 11), MEDLINE (1966 to 30 November 2011) and Scopus (January 1985 to 30 November 2011). We contacted experts and searched reference lists of retrieved articles.
Selection criteria
All identified published, unpublished and ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of formal antenatal BF education or comparing two different methods of formal antenatal BF education, on duration of BF. We excluded RCTs that also included intrapartum or postpartum BF education.
Data collection and analysis
We assessed all potential studies identified as a result of the search strategy. Two review authors extracted data from each included study using the agreed form and assessed risk of bias. We resolved discrepancies through discussion.
Main results
We included 19 studies with 8506 women in the review and 16 studies involving 8262 women contributed data to the analyses. We did not carry out any meta‐analysis because there was only one study for each comparison.
Five studies compared a single method of BF education with routine care. Peer counselling significantly increased BF initiation.
Three studies compared one form of BF education versus another. No intervention was significantly more effective than another intervention in increasing initiation or duration of BF.
Seven studies compared multiple methods versus a single method of BF education. Combined BF educational interventions were not significantly better than a single intervention in initiating or increasing BF duration. However, in one trial a combined BF education significantly reduced nipple pain and trauma.
One study compared different combinations of interventions. There was a marginally significant increase in exclusive BF at six months in women receiving a booklet plus video plus lactation consultation (LC) compared with the booklet plus video only.
Two studies compared multiple methods of BF education versus routine care. The combination of BF booklet plus video plus LC was significantly better than routine care for exclusive BF at three months.
Authors' conclusions
Because there were significant methodological limitations and the observed effect sizes were small, it is not appropriate to recommend any specific antenatal BF education.There is an urgent need to conduct RCTs with adequate power to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal BF education.
PICO
Plain language summary
Edukacija u trudnoći za dulje trajanje dojenja
Dojenje je itekako prepoznato kao najbolja hrana za dijete i zato Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija preporučuje isključivo dojenje za svu dojenčad barem prvih šest mjeseci života. Dohrana davana prije 6. mjeseca istiskuje majčino mlijeko i pri tome ne donosi nikakve prednosti za zdravlje. Dojenje može poboljšati zdravlje djeteta, zdravlje majke i povezanost između majke i djeteta. Dojena djeca imaju manju učestalost probavnih i dišnih bolesti, upale srednjeg uha i alergija, bolji vid, i bolji kognitivni razvoj i razvoj govora. Dosada nije proučen utjecaj edukacijskih intervencija u trudnoći na duljinu dojenja.
Ovaj Cochrane sustavni pregled uključuje podatke iz 16 randomiziranih kontroliranih studija s 8262 žena iz pretežno razvijenih zemalja poput SAD‐a, Kanade, Velike Britanije i Australije. Rezultati pokazuju da potpora majka‐majci, potpora savjetnice za dojenje i formalna edukacija trudnica povećava trajanje dojenja. Potpora majka‐majci u usporedbi sa standardnom njegom također je povećala stopu započinjanja dojenja. Nažalost, većina uključenih studija loše su kvalitete i utjecaj edukacije je prilično malen, zato u ovom trenutku nije moguće preporučiti određenu vrstu edukacije o dojenju. Dobiveni rezultati ovog sustavnog pregleda se temelje na pojedinim studijama i postoji potreba za novim, dobro osmišljenim kliničkim istraživanjima s prikladnim uzorcima.
