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Rehabilitación física para personas de edad avanzada en la atención a largo plazo

Appendices

Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy

We used the following search strategy for CENTRAL

1 MeSH descriptor Homes for the Aged, this term only
2 MeSH descriptor Nursing Homes, this term only
3 "home* for the aged":ti,ab,kw or (aged NEAR/2 (care or nursing or healthcare or residential) NEAR/2 (facility or facilities or home*)):ti,ab,kw or (geriatric or elderly) NEAR/2 (facility or facilities or care home*):ti,ab,kw
4 (nursing home*):ti,ab,kw
5 MeSH descriptor Hospitals, Veterans, this term only
6 (#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5)
7 MeSH descriptor Aged explode all trees
8 MeSH descriptor Geriatrics explode all trees
9 (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life):ti,ab,kw
10 (older NEXT (person* or people or adult* or patient* or inpatient* or outpatient*)):ti,ab,kw
11 MeSH descriptor Veterans, this term only
12 (veteran*):ti,ab,kw
13 (#7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12)
14 MeSH descriptor Nursing Care, this term only
15 MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation Nursing, this term only
16 MeSH descriptor Community Health Nursing, this term only
17 MeSH descriptor Hospitals, Convalescent, this term only
18 MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation Centers, this term only
19 MeSH descriptor Institutionalization, this term only
20 (#14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19)
21 (#13 AND #20)
22 MeSH descriptor Group Homes, this term only
23 MeSH descriptor Assisted Living Facilities, this term only
24 MeSH descriptor Residential Facilities, this term only
25 MeSH descriptor Long‐Term Care, this term only
26 MeSH descriptor Halfway Houses, this term only
27 (group or residential) NEXT (home or homes):ti,ab,kw
28 (hous* or residental or residence* or institution* or facility or facilities) NEAR/5 (elder* or geriatric* or seniors or older or aged):ti,ab,kw
29 ((residential or long‐term or longterm) NEAR/5 (care or facility or facilities)):ti,ab,kw
30 (sheltered or retirement or residential or halfway or half‐way) NEAR/5 (hous* or home* or accommodation):ti,ab,kw
31 (life care cent* or continuing care cent* or extended care facility or extended care facilities):ti,ab,kw
32 (care or convalescent) NEXT (home* or cent* or facility or facilities):ti,ab,kw
33 (skilled or intermediate) NEAR/2 (nursing facility or nursing facilities):ti,ab,kw
34 (healthcare NEAR/2 (facility or facilities)):ti,ab,kw
35 (#32 OR #33 OR #34)
36 (#35 AND #13)
37 (assisted living):ti,ab,kw
38 (#22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31 OR #36 OR #37)
39 (#6 OR #21 OR #38)
40 MeSH descriptor Rehabilitation, this term only
41 MeSH descriptor Activities of Daily Living, this term only
42 MeSH descriptor Dance Therapy, this term only
43 MeSH descriptor Early Ambulation, this term only
44 MeSH descriptor Exercise Therapy, this term only
45 MeSH descriptor Muscle Stretching Exercises, this term only
46 MeSH descriptor Resistance Training, this term only
47 MeSH descriptor Occupational Therapy, this term only
48 MeSH descriptor Physical Therapy Modalities, this term only
49 MeSH descriptor Hydrotherapy, this term only
50 MeSH descriptor Musculoskeletal Manipulations, this term only
51 MeSH descriptor Physical Therapy (Specialty), this term only
52 MeSH descriptor Exercise Movement Techniques, this term only
53 MeSH descriptor Exercise, this term only
54 MeSH descriptor Tai Ji, this term only
55 MeSH descriptor Walking, this term only
56 MeSH descriptor Yoga, this term only
57 MeSH descriptor Physical Education and Training, this term only
58 MeSH descriptor Physical Fitness, this term only
59 MeSH descriptor Recovery of Function, this term only
60 MeSH descriptor Residential Treatment, this term only
61 MeSH descriptor Physical Stimulation, this term only
62 MeSH descriptor Health Promotion, this term only
63 MeSH descriptor Leisure Activities, this term only
64 MeSH descriptor Recreation, this term only
65 MeSH descriptor Dancing, this term only
66 MeSH descriptor Health Facility Environment, this term only
67 (rehabilitat* or exercise* or physiotherap* or "keep fit"):ti,ab,kw
68 (physical near/3 (therap* or education or train* or stimulat* or fitness or activit* or function)):ti,ab,kw
69 (exercise or movement or occupational or residential) near/5 (therap* or train* or treatment or program*):ti,ab,kw
70 (strength* or aerobic or resistance) near/3 activit*:ti,ab,kw
71 (improve* near/3 (function or mobil* or recover*)):ti,ab,kw
72 (fitness or health) near/3 promotion:ti,ab,kw
73 (danc* or walk* or yoga or "tai chi" or "tai ji" or "tai chi" or "ji quan" or taiji or taijiquan or "leisure activit*" or recreation* or bicycl* or cycl* or bike* or biking):ti,ab,kw
74 (endurance or balance or strength or flexibility or resistance) near/3 training:ti,ab,kw
75 (#40 OR #41 OR #42 OR #43 OR #44 OR #45 OR #46 OR #47 OR #48 OR #49 OR #50 OR #51 OR #52 OR #53 OR #54 OR #55 OR #56 OR #57 OR #58 OR #59 OR #60 OR #61 OR #62 OR #63 OR #64 OR #65 OR #66 OR #67 OR #68 OR #69 OR #70 OR #71 OR #72 OR #73 OR #74)
76 (#39 AND #75), from 2009 to 2011

Appendix 2. MEDLINE search strategy

We used the following search strategy for MEDLINE (Ovid) and adapted it for the other databases

1. Homes for the Aged/ or "homes for the aged".tw.
2. exp Nursing Homes/ or nursing home?.tw.
3. (aged adj2 (care or nursing or healthcare or residential) adj2 (facility or facilites or home?)).ti,ab.
4. ((geriatric or elderly) adj2 (facility or facilities or care home?)).ti,ab.
5. Hospitals, Veterans/
6. Housing for the Elderly/
7. Geriatric Nursing/
8. or/1‐7 [care facilities/nursing ‐ aged terms]
9. exp aged/
10. (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life).ti,ab.
11. (older adj (person* or people or adult* or patient* or inpatient* or outpatient*)).ti,ab.
12. veterans/
13. veteran.ti,ab.
14. or/9‐13 [elderly terms]
15. Nursing Care/
16. Rehabilitation Nursing/
17. Community Health Nursing/
18. Hospitals, Convalescent/
19. Rehabilitation Centers/
20. Institutionalization/
21. or/15‐20 [institutional care terms]
22. 14 and 21 [institutional care terms and elderly terms]
23. Group Homes/
24. Assisted Living Facilities/
25. Residential Facilities/
26. Long‐Term Care/
27. Halfway Houses/
28. ((group or residential) adj home?).ti,ab.
29. ((hous$ or residental or residence? or institution$ or facility or facilities) adj5 (elder* or geriatric* or seniors or older or aged)).ti,ab.
30. ((residential or long‐term or longterm) adj5 (care or facility or facilities)).ti,ab.
31. ((sheltered or retirement or residential or halfway or half‐way) adj5 (hous$ or home? or accommodation)).ti,ab.
32. (life care cent$ or continuing care cent$ or extended care facility or extended care facilities).ti,ab.
33. ((care or convalescent) adj (home? or cent$ or facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
34. ((skilled or intermediate) adj2 (nursing facility or nursing facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
35. (healthcare adj2 (facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
36. assisted living.ti,ab.
37. or/23‐35 [other residential are terms]
38. 8 or 22 or 37 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care terms]
39. rehabilitation/ or "activities of daily living"/
40. dance therapy/ or early ambulation/ or exercise therapy/ or muscle stretching exercises/ or resistance training/ or occupational therapy/
41. physical therapy modalities/ or hydrotherapy/ or musculoskeletal manipulations/
42. "Physical Therapy (Specialty)"/
43. Exercise Movement Techniques/
44. Exercise/
45. Tai Ji/
46. aqua.mp.
47. walking/ or yoga/
48. "Physical Education and Training"/
49. Physical Fitness/
50. "Recovery of Function"/
51. Residential Treatment/
52. Physical Stimulation/
53. Health Promotion/
54. leisure activities/ or recreation/ or dancing/
55. Health Facility Environment/
56. (rehabilitat$ or exercise$ or physiotherap$ or keep fit).tw.
57. (physical adj3 (therap$ or education or train$ or stimulat$ or fitness or activit$ or function)).tw.
58. ((exercise or movement or occupational or residential) adj5 (therap$ or train$ or treatment or program$)).tw.
59. ((strength$ or aerobic or resistance) adj3 activit$).tw.
60. (improve$ adj3 (function or mobil$ or recover$)).tw.
61. ((fitness or health) adj3 promotion).tw.
62. (danc$ or walk$ or yoga or tai chi or tai ji or ji quan or taiji or taijiquan or leisure activit$ or recreation$ or bicycl$ or cycl$ or bike$ or biking).tw.
63. ((endurance or balance or strength or flexibility or resistance) adj3 training).tw.
64. or/39‐63 [rehabilitation terms]
65. randomized controlled trials as topic/
66. random allocation/
67. controlled clinical trials as topic/
68. control groups/
69. clinical trials as topic/ or clinical trials, phase i as topic/ or clinical trials, phase ii as topic/ or clinical trials, phase iii as topic/ or clinical trials, phase iv as topic/
70. clinical trials data monitoring committees/
71. double‐blind method/
72. single‐blind method/
73. placebos/
74. placebo effect/
75. cross‐over studies/
76. multicenter studies as topic/
77. therapies, investigational/
78. drug evaluation/
79. research design/
80. program evaluation/
81. evaluation studies as topic/
82. randomized controlled trial.pt.
83. controlled clinical trial.pt.
84. (clinical trial or clinical trial phase i or clinical trial phase ii or clinical trial phase iii or clinical trial phase iv).pt.
85. multicenter study.pt.
86. (evaluation studies or comparative study).pt.
87. meta analysis.pt.
88. meta‐analysis as topic/
89. random$.tw.
90. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
91. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
92. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
93. (surgical adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
94. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
95. ((multicenter or multicentre or therapeutic) adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
96. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
97. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
98. (coin adj5 (flip or flipped or toss$)).tw.
99. latin square.tw.
100. versus.tw.
101. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
102. placebo$.tw.
103. sham.tw.
104. (assign$ or alternate or allocat$ or counterbalance$ or multiple baseline).tw.
105. controls.tw.
106. (treatment$ adj6 order).tw.
107. (meta‐analy$ or metaanaly$ or meta analy$ or systematic review or systematic overview).tw.
108. or/65‐107
109. exp animals/ not humans.sh.
110. 108 not 109 [RCT Filter ‐ Cochrane Stroke Group]
111. 38 and 64 and 110 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care and rehabilitation terms and RCT]

Appendix 3. EMBASE search strategy

We used the following search strategy for EMBASE

1. "homes for the aged".tw.
2. exp nursing home/ or nursing home?.tw.
3. (aged adj2 (care or nursing or healthcare or residential) adj2 (facility or facilites or home?)).ti,ab.
4. ((geriatric or elderly) adj2 (facility or facilities or care home?)).ti,ab.
5. exp elderly care/
6. geriatric hospital/
7. or/1‐6 [care facilities ‐ aged terms]
8. aging/
9. gerontology/
10. (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life).ti,ab.
11. (older adj (person* or people or adult* or patient* or inpatient* or outpatient*)).ti,ab.
12. veteran.ti,ab.
13. or/8‐12 [elderly terms]
14. nursing care/ or patient care/
15. Rehabilitation Nursing/ or Rehabilitation Center/
16. exp convalescence/
17. exp community health nursing/
18. residential care/
19. or/14‐18 [institutional care terms]
20. 19 and 13 [instutional care homes and elderly terms]
21. residential home/
22. assisted living facility/
23. residential home/
24. long term care/
25. Halfway House/
26. ((group or residential) adj home?).ti,ab.
27. ((hous$ or residental or residence? or institution$ or facility or facilities) adj5 (elder* or geriatric* or seniors or older or aged)).ti,ab.
28. ((residential or long‐term or longterm) adj5 (care or facility or facilities)).ti,ab.
29. ((sheltered or retirement or residential or halfway or half‐way) adj5 (hous$ or home? or accommodation)).ti,ab.
30. (life care cent$ or continuing care cent$ or extended care facility or extended care facilities).ti,ab.
31. ((care or convalescent) adj (home? or cent$ or facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 13
32. ((skilled or intermediate) adj2 (nursing facility or nursing facilities)).ti,ab. and 13
33. (healthcare adj2 (facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 13
34. assisted living.ti,ab.
35. or/21‐34 [other residential are terms]
36. 7 or 20 or 35 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care terms]
37. exp rehabilitation/
38. daily life activity/
39. exp Physiotherapy/ or physical activity/ or physical education/
40. exp KINESIOTHERAPY/
41. fitness/ or training/ or sport/
42. hydrotherapy/
43. mobilization/ or stimulation/
44. dancing/
45. health promotion/ or health education/ or health program/
46. recreation/ or leisure/
47. (rehabilitat$ or exercise$ or physiotherap$ or kinesiotherap$ or keep fit).tw.
48. (physical adj3 (therap$ or education or train$ or stimulat$ or fitness or activit$ or function)).tw.
49. ((exercise or movement or occupational or residential) adj5 (therap$ or train$ or treatment or program$)).tw.
50. ((strength$ or aerobic or resistance) adj3 activit$).tw.
51. (improve$ adj3 (function or mobil$ or recover$)).tw.
52. recovery of function/
53. ((fitness or health) adj3 promotion).tw.
54. (danc$ or walk$ or yoga or tai chi or tai ji or ji quan or taiji or taijiquan or leisure activit$ or recreation$ or bicycl$ or cycl$ or bike$ or biking).tw.
55. ((endurance or balance or strength or flexibility or resistance) adj3 training).tw.
56. or/37‐55 [rehab terms]
57. randomized controlled trial/
58. randomization/
59. controlled study/
60. control group/
61. clinical trial/ or phase 1 clinical trial/ or phase 2 clinical trial/ or phase 3 clinical trial/ or phase 4 clinical trial/ or controlled clinical trial/
62. crossover procedure/
63. double blind procedure/
64. single blind procedure/ or triple blind procedure/
65. latin square design/
66. parallel design/
67. placebo/
68. multicenter study/
69. experimental design/ or experimental study/ or quasi experimental study/
70. experimental therapy/
71. drug comparison/ or drug dose comparison/
72. drug screening/
73. evaluation/ or "evaluation and follow up"/ or evaluation research/ or clinical evaluation/
74. methodology/
75. "types of study"/
76. research subject/
77. comparative study/
78. "systematic review"/
79. meta analysis/
80. random$.tw.
81. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
82. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
83. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patients$)).tw.
84. (surgical adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
85. (quasi‐random$ or quasirandom$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudorandom$).tw.
86. ((multicenter or multi center or multicentre or multi centre or therapeutic) adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
87. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
88. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
89. (coin adj5 (flip or flipped or toss$)).tw.
90. latin square.tw.
91. versus.tw.
92. (cross‐over or crossover).tw.
93. placebo$.tw.
94. sham.tw.
95. (assign$ or alternate or allocat$ or counterbalance$ or multiple baseline).tw.
96. controls.tw.
97. (treatment$ adj6 order).tw.
98. (meta‐analy$ or metaanaly$ or metanaly$ or systematic review or systematic overview).tw.
99. or/57‐98
100. human/
101. nonhuman/
102. 100 and 101
103. 101 not 102
104. 99 not 103 [RCT Filter]
105. 36 and 56 and 104 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care and rehabilitation terms and RCT]

Appendix 4. CINAHL search strategy

We used the following search strategy for CINAHL

S1 

"homes for the aged"

S2 

MH Nursing Homes+ or MW Nursing Home OR "nursing home" OR "nursing homes"

S3 

TI aged N2 care facilit* or AB aged N2 care facilit* or TI aged N2 care home* or AB aged care home* or TI aged N2 nursing facilit* or AB aged N2 nursing facilit* or TI aged nursing home* or AB aged nursing home* or TI aged N1 healthcare facilit* or AB aged N1 healthcare facilit* or TI resident* N2 care or AB resident* N2 care or TI resident* N2 facilit* or AB resident* N2 facilit*

S4 

TI geriatric N2 facility OR AB geriatric N2 facility OR TI elderly N2 facility OR AB elderly N2 facility OR TI geriatric N2 facilities OR AB elderly N2 facilities OR TI geriatric N2 "care home" OR AB elderly N2 "care home" OR TI geriatric N2 "care homes" OR AB elderly N2 "care homes"

S5 

MH hospitals, veterans

S6 

MH housing for the elderly

S7 

MH gerontologic nursing

S8 

MH gerontologic care or MH rehabilitation, geriatric

S9 

(S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8)

S10 

(MH "Aged+")

S11 

TI ( (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life) ) OR AB ( (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life) )

S12 

TI ( (older N1 person* older N1 people or older N1 adult* or older N1 patient* or older N1 inpatient* or older N1 outpatient*) ) OR AB ( (older N1 person* older N1 people or older N1 adult* or older N1 patient* or older N1 inpatient* or older N1 outpatient*) )

S13 

(MH "Veterans")

S14 

TI veteran* OR AB veteran*

S15 

(S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14)

S16 

MH nursing care

S17 

MH rehabilitation nursing

S18 

MH rehabilitation patients

S19 

MH community health nursing

S20 

MH rehabilitation centers

S21 

MH institutionalization

S22 

(S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21)

S23 

S15 and S22

S24 

MH Assisted Living

S25 

TI ( longterm N5 care or longterm N5 facilit* ) or AB ( longterm N5 care or longterm N5 facilit* ) or TI ( long‐term N5 care or long‐term N5 facilit* ) or AB ( long‐term N5 care or long‐term N5 facilit* )

S26 

(MH "Halfway Houses")

S27 

TI ( group N1 home* or residential N1 home* ) or AB ( group N1 home* or residential N1 home* )

S28 

TI ( hous* N5 elder* or residential N5 elder* or residence N5 elder* or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 elder* or facility N5 elder* or facilities N5 elder*or hous* N5 geriatric* or residential N5 geriatric* or residence N5 geriatric* or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 geriatric* or facility N5 geriatric* or facilities N5 geriatric*or hous* N5 seniors or residential N5 seniors or residence N5 seniors or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 seniors or facility N5 seniors or facilities N5 seniors or hous* N5 older or residential N5 older or residence N5 older or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 older or facility N5 older or facilities N5 older or hous* N5 aged or residential N5 aged or residence N5 aged or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 aged or facility N5 aged or facilities N5 aged ) OR AB ( hous* N5 elder* or residential N5 elder* or residence N5 elder* or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 elder* or facility N5 elder* or facilities N5 elder*or hous* N5 geriatric* or residential N5 geriatric* or residence N5 geriatric* or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 geriatric* or facility N5 geriatric* or facilities N5 geriatric*or hous* N5 seniors or residential N5 seniors or residence N5 seniors or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 seniors or facility N5 seniors or facilities N5 seniors or hous* N5 older or residential N5 older or residence N5 older or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 older or facility N5 older or facilities N5 older or hous* N5 aged or residential N5 aged or residence N5 aged or residences N5 elder*or institution* N5 aged or facility N5 aged or facilities N5 aged )

S29 

( TI resident* N2 care or AB resident* N2 care or TI resident* N2 facilit* or AB resident* N2 facilit* ) OR ( TI ( longterm N3 care or longterm N3 facilit* ) or AB ( longterm N3 care or longterm N3 facilit* ) or TI ( long‐term N3 care or long‐term N3 facilit* ) or AB ( long‐term N3 care or long‐term N3 facilit* ) )

S30 

TI ( sheltered hous* or sheltered home or sheltered homes or sheltered accommodation or retirement hous* or retirement home or retirement homes or retirement accommodation or residential hous* or residential home or residential homes or residential accommodation or Halfway hous* or halfway home or halfway homes or halfway accommodation or Half‐way hous* or half‐way home or half‐way homes or half‐way accommodation ) OR AB ( sheltered hous* or sheltered home or sheltered homes or sheltered accommodation or retirement hous* or retirement home or retirement homes or retirement accommodation or residential hous* or residential home or residential homes or residential accommodation or Halfway hous* or halfway home or halfway homes or halfway accommodation or Half‐way hous* or half‐way home or half‐way homes or half‐way accommodation )

S31 

TI ( life care cent* or continued care cent* or extended care facilit* ) or AB ( life care cent* or continued care cent* or extended care facilit* )

S32 

TI (care W1 home*) or AB (care W1 home*) or TI (care W1 center*) or AB (care W1 center*) or TI (care W1 centre*) or AB (care W1 centre*) or TI ( care W1 facilit*) or AB ( care W1 facilit* ) or TI (convalescent W1 home*) or AB (convalescent W1 home*) or TI (convalescent W1 center*) or AB (convalescent W1 center*) or TI (convalescent W1 centre*) or AB (convalescent W1 centre*) or TI ( convalescent W1 facilit*) or AB ( convalescent W1 facilit* )

S33 

TI skilled W2 nursing facilit* or AB skilled W2 nursing facilit* or TI intermediate W2 nursing facilit* or AB intermediate W2 nursing facilit*

S34 

TI ( healthcare N2 facilitiy or healthcare N2 facilities ) OR AB ( healthcare N2 facilitiy or healthcare N2 facilities )

S35 

(S32 or S33 or S34)

S36 

S15 and S35

S37 

TI Assisted Living or AB Assisted Living

S38 

(S24 or S25 or S26 or S27 or S28 or S29 or S30 or S31 or S36 or S37)

S39 

MH rehabilitation

S40 

MH occupational therapy

S41 

MH physical therapy

S42 

MH therapeutic exercise

S43 

MH exercise

S44 

MH dance therapy

S45 

MH early ambulation

S46 

MH tai chi

S47 

MH walking

S48 

MH yoga

S49 

MH "physical education and training"

S50 

MH physical fitness

S51 

MH physical stimulation

S52 

MH health promotion

S53 

MH leisure activities or MH recreation or MH dancing

S54 

MH health facility environment

S55 

"activities of daily living"

S56 

aqua

S57 

rehabilitat* or exercise* or physiotherap* or keep fit

S58 

hydrotherap* or musculoskeletal manipulations

S59 

physical N3 therap* or physical N3 education or physical N3 train$ or physical N3 stimulat* or fitness or physical N3 activit* or physical N3 function*

S60 

movement N5 therap* or movement N5 train* or movement N5 treatment* or movement N5 program*

S61 

occupational N5 therap* or occupational N5 train* or occupational N5 treatment* or occupational N5 program*

S62 

residential N5 therap* or residential N5 train* or residential N5 treatment* or residential N5 program*

S63 

dance therapy or early ambulation or exercise* or muscle stretching

S64 

strength* N3 activit* or aerobic N3 activit* or resistance N3 activit*

S65 

improv* N3 function or improv* N3 mobil* or improv* N3 recover*

S66 

fitness promotion or health promotion

S67 

danc* or walk* or yoga or tai chi or tai ji or tai chi or ji quan or taiji or taijiquan or leisure activit* or recreation* or bicycl* or cycl* or bike* or biking

S68 

endurance N3 training or balance N3 training or strength N3 training or flexibility N3 training or resistance N3 training

S69 

recover* N3 function*

S70 

health N3 facilit*

S71 

(MH "Activities of Daily Living+") or (MH "Activities of Daily Living (Saba CCC)") or (MH "Activities of Daily Living Alteration (Saba CCC)") or (MH "Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Saba CCC)") or (MH "Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Alteration (Saba CCC)") or (MH "Altered Activities of Daily Living (NANDA) (Non‐Cinahl)+") or (MH "Self Care: Activities of Daily Living (Iowa NOC)") or (MH "Self‐Care: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Iowa NOC)")

S72 

MH random assignment

S73 

MH random sample+

S74 

MH crossover design

S75 

MH clinical trials+

S76 

MH comparative studies

S77 

MH "control (research)"

S78 

MH control group

S79 

MH factorial design

S80 

MH quasi‐experimental studies

S81 

MH nonrandomized trials

S82 

MH placebos

S83 

MH meta analysis

S84 

MH clinical nursing research or MH clinical research

S85 

MH community trials or MH experimental studies or MH one‐shot case study or MH pre‐test‐post‐test design or MH solomon four‐group design or MH static group comparison or MH study design

S86 

PT clinical trial or systematic review

S87 

random*

S88 

singl* N25 blind* or singl* N25 mask*

S89 

doubl* N25 blind* or doubl* N25 mask*

S90 

tripl* N25 blind* or tripl* N25 mask*

S91 

trebl* N25 blind* or trebl* N25 mask*

S92 

crossover or cross over or placebo* or control* or factorial

S93 

crossover or cross over or placebo* or control* or factorial or sham*

S94 

clin* N10 trial* or intervention* N10 trial* or compar* N10 trial* or experiment* N10 trial* or preventive N10 trial* or therapeutic N10 trial*

S95 

counterbalance* or multiple baseline* or abab design*

S96 

metaanalys* or meta analys* or metanalys* or systematic review*

S97 

S72 or S73 or S74 or S75 or S76 or S77 or S78 or S79 or S80 or S81 or S82 or S83 or S84 or S85 or S86 or S87 or S88 or S89 or S90 or S91 or S92 or S93 or S94 or S95 or S96

S98 

S39 or S40 or S41 or S42 or S43 or S44 or S45 or S46 or S47 or S48 or S49 or S50 or S51 or S52 or S53 or S54 or S55 or S56 or S57 or S58 or S59 or S60 or S61 or S62 or S63 or S64 or S65 or S66 or S67 or S68 or S69 or S70 or S71

S99 

S38 and S97 and S98

Appendix 5. AMED search strategy

We used the following search strategy for AMED

1. "homes for the aged".tw.
2. nursing home?.tw.
3. (aged adj2 (care or nursing or healthcare or residential) adj2 (facility or facilites or home?)).ti,ab.
4. ((geriatric or elderly) adj2 (facility or facilities or care home?)).ti,ab.
5. exp Geriatric nursing/
6. geriatric assessment/
7. exp health services for the aged/
8. or/1‐7 [caring ‐ elderly terms]
9. aged/ or aging/
10. (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life).ti,ab.
11. (older adj (person* or people or adult* or patient* or inpatient* or outpatient*)).ti,ab.
12. veteran.ti,ab.
13. or/9‐12 [elderly terms]
14. nursing care/
15. rehabilitation nursing.ti,ab.
16. (rehabilitation center$ or rehabilitation centre$).ti,ab.
17. rehabilitation speciality/
18. exp Institutionalization/
19. exp Community health nursing/
20. or/14‐19 [institutional care terms]
21. 13 and 20 [institutional care terms and elderly]
22. residential facilities/
23. exp Long term care/
24. ((group or residential) adj home?).ti,ab.
25. ((hous$ or residental or residence? or institution$ or facility or facilities) adj5 (elder* or geriatric* or seniors or older or aged)).ti,ab.
26. ((residential or long‐term or longterm) adj5 (care or facility or facilities)).ti,ab.
27. ((sheltered or retirement or residential or halfway or half‐way) adj5 (hous$ or home? or accommodation)).ti,ab.
28. (life care cent$ or continuing care cent$ or extended care facility or extended care facilities).ti,ab.
29. ((care or convalescent) adj (home? or cent$ or facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
30. ((skilled or intermediate) adj2 (nursing facility or nursing facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
31. (healthcare adj2 (facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
32. assisted living.ti,ab.
33. or/22‐32 [other residential terms]
34. 8 or 21 or 33 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care terms]
35. rehabilitation/
36. occupational therapy/
37. physical therapy modalities/
38. exp exercise therapy/
39. exp Hydrotherapy/
40. exp mobilisation/ or exp movement/
41. aqua.mp.
42. muscle strength/ or muscle weakness/ or pliability/
43. exp physical education/
44. exp Physical fitness/
45. recovery of function.ti,ab.
46. exp rehabilitation techniques/
47. exp Residential treatment/
48. "delivery of health care"/
49. (rehabilitat$ or exercise$ or physiotherap$ or keep fit).ti,ab.
50. (physical and (therap$ or education or train$ or stimulat$ or fitness or activit$ or function$)).ti,ab.
51. ((exercise or occupational or residential) and (therap$ or train$ or treatment or program$)).ti,ab.
52. ((strength$ or aerobic or resistance) and activit$).ti,ab.
53. (improve$ and (function or mobil$ or recover$)).ti,ab.
54. ((fitness or health) and promotion).ti,ab.
55. (danc$ or walk$ or yoga or tai chi or tai ji or tai chi or ji quan or taiji or taijiquan or leisure activit$ or recreation$ or bicycl$ or cycl$ or bike$ or biking).ti,ab.
56. ((endurance or balance or strength or flexibility or resistance) and train$).ti,ab.
57. or/35‐56 [rehab terms]
58. research design/
59. clinical trials/
60. randomized controlled trials/
61. comparative study/
62. double blind method/
63. meta analysis/
64. random allocation/
65. program evaluation/
66. placebos/
67. (evaluation studies or brief research report or clinical trial or clinical trial phase iii or meta analysis or clinical trialb or clinical trials or multicenter study or multicentre study or comparative studies or comparative study or randomised controlled trial or randomized controlled trial or "review academic" or controlled clinical trial or "review literature" or controlled trial).pt.
68. random$.tw.
69. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
70. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
71. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
72. (surgical adj5 group$).tw.
73. (quasi‐random$ or quasirandom$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudorandom$).tw.
74. ((multicenter or multi center or multicentre or multi centre or therapeutic) adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
75. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
76. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
77. (coin adj5 (flip or flipped or toss$)).tw.
78. latin square.tw.
79. versus.tw.
80. (cross‐over or crossover).tw.
81. placebo$.tw.
82. sham.tw.
83. (assign$ or alternate or allocat$ or counterbalance$ or multiple baseline).tw.
84. control$.tw.
85. (treatment$ adj6 order).tw.
86. (meta‐analy$ or metaanaly$ or metanaly$ or systematic review or systematic overview).tw.
87. or/58‐86 [RCT]
88. 35 and 57 and 87 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care and rehabilitation terms and RCT]

Appendix 6. PsycINFO search strategy

We used the following search strategy for PsycINFO

1. "homes for the aged".tw.
2. nursing home?.tw.
3. (aged adj2 (care or nursing or healthcare or residential) adj2 (facility or facilites or home?)).ti,ab.
4. ((geriatric or elderly) adj2 (facility or facilities or care home?)).ti,ab.
5. exp elder care/
6. or/1‐5 [care facilities/nursing ‐ aged terms]
7. exp Geriatric Patients/
8. exp Geriatrics/
9. exp Gerontology/
10. exp Aging/
11. (gerontol* or ageing or aging or elder* or geriatric* or seniors or old age or older or late* life).ti,ab.
12. (older adj (person* or people or adult* or patient* or inpatient* or outpatient*)).ti,ab.
13. veteran.ti,ab.
14. or/7‐13 [elderly terms]
15. exp Nursing/
16. exp Rehabilitation Centers/
17. rehabilitation/
18. exp Institutionalization/
19. or/15‐18 [institutional care terms]
20. 14 and 19 [elderly and institutional care terms]
21. exp Residential Care Institutions/
22. exp Treatment Facilities/
23. exp Assisted Living/
24. exp Group Homes/
25. exp Long Term Care/
26. ((group or residential) adj home?).tw.
27. ((hous$ or residental or residence? or institution$ or facility or facilities) adj5 (elder* or geriatric* or seniors or older or aged)).ti,ab.
28. ((residential or long‐term or longterm) adj5 (care or facility or facilities)).ti,ab.
29. ((sheltered or retirement or residential or halfway or half‐way) adj5 (hous$ or home? or accommodation)).ti,ab.
30. (life care cent$ or continuing care cent$ or extended care facility or extended care facilities).ti,ab.
31. ((care or convalescent) adj (home? or cent$ or facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
32. ((skilled or intermediate) adj2 (nursing facility or nursing facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
33. (healthcare adj2 (facility or facilities)).ti,ab. and 14
34. assisted living.ti,ab.
35. or/21‐34 [other residential care terms]
36. 6 or 20 or 35 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care terms]
37. exp REHABILITATION/
38. exp Motor Processes/
39. exp Movement Therapy/
40. exp Physical Fitness/
41. physical strength/
42. exp Therapeutic Environment/
43. exp Physical Endurance/
44. (rehabilitat$ or exercise$ or physiotherap$ or keep fit).tw.
45. (physical adj3 (therap$ or education or train$ or fitness or activit$ or function)).tw.
46. ((exercise or movement or occupational or residential) adj5 (therap$ or train$ or treatment or program$)).tw.
47. ((strength$ or aerobic or resistance) adj3 activit$).tw.
48. (improve$ adj3 (function or mobil$ or recover$)).tw.
49. ((fitness or health) adj3 promotion).tw.
50. (danc$ or walk$ or yoga or tai chi or tai ji or tai chi or ji quan or taiji or taijiquan or leisure activit$ or recreation$ or bicycl$ or cycl$ or bike$ or biking).tw.
51. ((endurance or balance or strength or flexibility or resistance) adj3 training).tw.
52. or/37‐51
53. 36 and 52 [care facilities/nursing ‐aged or institutional care terms and elder or other residential care and rehabilitation terms]

Appendix 7. 'Risk of bias' summary

Figure 7


'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study

'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study

Review update flow diagram
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Review update flow diagram

'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item presented as percentages across all included studies
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item presented as percentages across all included studies

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.1 Barthel Index.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.1 Barthel Index.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.4 TUG test
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.4 TUG test

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.5 Walking speed
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.5 Walking speed

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.6 Death
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Rehabilitation versus control, outcome: 1.6 Death

'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 7

'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each 'Risk of bias' item for each included study

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 1 Barthel Index.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 1 Barthel Index.

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 2 Functional Independence Measure (FIM).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 2 Functional Independence Measure (FIM).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 3 Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 3 Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 4 Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 4 Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test.

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 5 Walking speed.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 5 Walking speed.

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 6 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 6 Death.

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 7 Barthel Index (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 7 Barthel Index (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 8 Barthel Index (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 8 Barthel Index (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 9 Barthel Index (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 9 Barthel Index (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 10 Barthel Index (by baseline Barthel Index score).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 10 Barthel Index (by baseline Barthel Index score).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 11 Barthel Index (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 11 Barthel Index (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 12 Barthel Index (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 12 Barthel Index (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 13 Functional Independence Measure (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 13 Functional Independence Measure (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 14 Functional Independence Measure (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 14 Functional Independence Measure (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 15 Functional Independence Measure (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 15 Functional Independence Measure (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 16 Functional Independence Measure (by baseline FIM score).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.16

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 16 Functional Independence Measure (by baseline FIM score).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 17 Functional Independence Measure (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.17

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 17 Functional Independence Measure (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 18 Functional Independence Measure (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.18

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 18 Functional Independence Measure (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 19 Rivermead Mobility Index (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.19

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 19 Rivermead Mobility Index (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 20 Rivermead Mobility Index (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.20

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 20 Rivermead Mobility Index (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 21 Rivermead Mobility Index (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.21

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 21 Rivermead Mobility Index (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 22 Rivermead Mobility Index (by baseline RMI score).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.22

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 22 Rivermead Mobility Index (by baseline RMI score).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 23 Rivermead Mobility Index (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.23

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 23 Rivermead Mobility Index (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 24 Rivermead Mobility Index (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.24

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 24 Rivermead Mobility Index (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 25 TUG Test (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.25

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 25 TUG Test (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 26 TUG Test (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.26

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 26 TUG Test (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 27 TUG Test (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.27

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 27 TUG Test (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 28 TUG Test (by baseline TUG score).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.28

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 28 TUG Test (by baseline TUG score).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 29 TUG Test (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.29

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 29 TUG Test (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 30 TUG Test (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.30

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 30 TUG Test (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 31 Walking speed (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.31

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 31 Walking speed (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 32 Walking speed (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.32

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 32 Walking speed (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 33 Walking speed (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.33

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 33 Walking speed (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 34 Walking speed (by baseline walking speed).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.34

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 34 Walking speed (by baseline walking speed).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 35 Walking speed (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.35

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 35 Walking speed (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 36 Walking speed (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.36

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 36 Walking speed (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 37 Walking speed (by distance walked).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.37

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 37 Walking speed (by distance walked).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 38 Death (by risk of bias).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.38

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 38 Death (by risk of bias).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 39 Death (by duration of intervention).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.39

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 39 Death (by duration of intervention).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 40 Death (by mode of delivery).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.40

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 40 Death (by mode of delivery).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 41 Death (by age).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.41

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 41 Death (by age).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 42 Death (by gender).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.42

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 42 Death (by gender).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 43 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.43

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 43 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 44 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (cluster trials).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.44

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 44 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (cluster trials).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 45 Sensitivity analysis: Functional Independence Measure (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.45

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 45 Sensitivity analysis: Functional Independence Measure (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 46 Sensitivity analysis: Rivermead Mobility Index (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.46

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 46 Sensitivity analysis: Rivermead Mobility Index (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 47 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.47

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 47 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 48 Sensitivity anlaysis: TUG Test (cluster trials).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.48

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 48 Sensitivity anlaysis: TUG Test (cluster trials).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 49 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (re‐including Christofoletti 2008).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.49

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 49 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (re‐including Christofoletti 2008).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 50 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.50

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 50 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 51 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (cluster trials).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.51

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 51 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (cluster trials).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 52 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: odds ratio).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.52

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 52 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: odds ratio).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 53 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: risk difference).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.53

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 53 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: risk difference).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 54 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.54

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 54 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 55 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect: Peto odds ratio).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.55

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 55 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect: Peto odds ratio).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 56 Sensitivity analysis: Death (cluster trials).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.56

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 56 Sensitivity analysis: Death (cluster trials).

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 57 Sensitivity analysis: Death (including Brittle 2009).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.57

Comparison 1 Rehabilitation versus control, Outcome 57 Sensitivity analysis: Death (including Brittle 2009).

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 1 TUG Test.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 1 TUG Test.

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 2 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 2 Death.

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 3 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control), Outcome 3 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect).

Comparison 1. Rehabilitation versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Barthel Index Show forest plot

7

857

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

6.38 [1.63, 11.12]

2 Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Show forest plot

4

303

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

4.98 [‐1.55, 11.51]

3 Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) Show forest plot

3

323

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.04, 1.33]

4 Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test Show forest plot

7

885

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐4.59 [‐9.19, 0.01]

5 Walking speed Show forest plot

9

590

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.01, 0.07]

6 Death Show forest plot

25

3721

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.80, 1.13]

7 Barthel Index (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 lower risk of bias

2

275

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.38 [‐2.10, 8.86]

7.2 higher risk of bias

5

582

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

8.25 [1.15, 15.34]

8 Barthel Index (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 shorter (< 3 months intervention)

2

46

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

17.55 [6.97, 28.13]

8.2 longer (3+ months intervention)

5

811

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.08 [‐0.03, 6.19]

9 Barthel Index (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 group

4

256

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

10.99 [1.51, 20.48]

9.2 individual

2

275

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.38 [‐2.10, 8.86]

9.3 not reported

1

326

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

2.19 [‐4.35, 8.73]

10 Barthel Index (by baseline Barthel Index score) Show forest plot

6

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 better (baseline Barthel Index score > median)

3

511

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

7.94 [‐1.77, 17.64]

10.2 worse (baseline Barthel Index score < median)

3

305

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.97 [‐0.83, 8.78]

11 Barthel Index (by age) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

11.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

4

552

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

8.02 [‐0.25, 16.30]

11.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

3

305

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.97 [‐0.83, 8.78]

12 Barthel Index (by gender) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

12.1 < 80% female

4

402

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

7.93 [0.18, 15.69]

12.2 80%+ female

3

455

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

4.29 [‐1.25, 9.83]

13 Functional Independence Measure (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 lower risk of bias

0

0

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

13.2 higher risk of bias

4

303

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

4.98 [‐1.55, 11.51]

14 Functional Independence Measure (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

14.1 shorter (< 3 months intervention)

1

30

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

2.0 [‐10.26, 14.26]

14.2 longer (3+ months intervention)

3

273

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

5.85 [‐2.22, 13.93]

15 Functional Independence Measure (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 group

3

240

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.90 [‐3.08, 10.88]

15.2 individual

1

63

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

11.76 [‐2.66, 26.18]

16 Functional Independence Measure (by baseline FIM score) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

16.1 better (baseline FIM score > median)

2

95

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

7.77 [1.39, 14.14]

16.2 worse (baseline FIM score < median)

1

145

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.3 [‐1.73, 2.33]

17 Functional Independence Measure (by age) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

17.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

2

128

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

9.91 [4.41, 15.42]

17.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

2

175

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.35 [‐1.65, 2.34]

18 Functional Independence Measure (by gender) Show forest plot

4

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

18.1 < 80% female

2

93

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

6.11 [‐3.33, 15.55]

18.2 80%+ female

2

210

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

4.51 [‐4.56, 13.58]

19 Rivermead Mobility Index (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

19.1 lower risk of bias

3

323

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.04, 1.33]

19.2 higher risk of bias

0

0

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

20 Rivermead Mobility Index (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

20.1 shorter (< 3 months intervention)

1

49

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐1.48, 2.68]

20.2 longer (3+ months intervention)

2

274

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.02, 1.37]

21 Rivermead Mobility Index (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

21.1 group

1

49

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐1.48, 2.68]

21.2 individual

2

274

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.02, 1.37]

22 Rivermead Mobility Index (by baseline RMI score) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

22.1 better (baseline RMI score > median)

2

235

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.01, 1.39]

22.2 worse (baseline RMI score < median)

1

88

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐1.17, 2.37]

23 Rivermead Mobility Index (by age) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

23.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

1

49

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐1.48, 2.68]

23.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

2

274

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.02, 1.37]

24 Rivermead Mobility Index (by gender) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

24.1 < 80% female

2

235

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.01, 1.39]

24.2 80%+ female

1

88

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐1.17, 2.37]

25 TUG Test (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

25.1 lower risk of bias

1

556

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.6 [‐5.36, 6.56]

25.2 higher risk of bias

6

329

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐5.92 [‐11.29, ‐0.54]

26 TUG Test (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

26.1 shorter (< 6 months intervention)

4

185

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐7.34 [‐13.93, ‐0.75]

26.2 longer (6+ months intervention)

3

700

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [‐4.28, 4.53]

27 TUG Test (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

27.1 group

4

154

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐4.98 [‐10.74, 0.77]

27.2 individual

3

731

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐4.56 [‐14.02, 4.90]

28 TUG Test (by baseline TUG score) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

28.1 better (baseline TUG score < median)

4

185

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐7.34 [‐13.93, ‐0.75]

28.2 worse (baseline TUG score > median)

3

700

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [‐4.28, 4.53]

29 TUG Test (by age) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

29.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

5

741

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐5.39 [‐10.77, ‐0.00]

29.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

2

144

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐5.40 [‐25.75, 14.96]

30 TUG Test (by gender) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

30.1 < 80% female

3

594

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.17 [‐3.90, 4.24]

30.2 80%+ female

4

291

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐7.55 [‐14.28, ‐0.82]

31 Walking speed (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

31.1 lower risk of bias

1

75

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.21, 0.01]

31.2 higher risk of bias

8

515

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.01, 0.07]

32 Walking speed (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

32.1 shorter (< 3 months intervention)

3

59

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.24 [‐0.74, 1.22]

32.2 longer (3+ months intervention)

6

531

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.02 [‐0.03, 0.08]

33 Walking speed (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

33.1 group

7

475

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.02, 0.07]

33.2 individual

1

48

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.26 [‐0.32, 0.83]

33.3 not reported

1

67

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐0.19, 0.13]

34 Walking speed (by baseline walking speed) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

34.1 better (baseline walking speed > median)

5

198

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐0.00 [‐0.15, 0.14]

34.2 worse (baseline walking speed < median)

4

392

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.01, 0.07]

35 Walking speed (by age) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

35.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

9

590

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.01, 0.07]

35.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

0

0

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

36 Walking speed (by gender) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

36.1 < 80% female

5

437

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.04, 0.07]

36.2 80%+ female

4

153

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [‐0.02, 0.28]

37 Walking speed (by distance walked) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

37.1 less far (< 6 metres)

2

185

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.01, 0.07]

37.2 further (6+ metres)

7

405

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.06, 0.09]

38 Death (by risk of bias) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

38.1 lower risk of bias

6

1366

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.05 [0.76, 1.46]

38.2 higher risk of bias

19

2355

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.71, 1.10]

39 Death (by duration of intervention) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

39.1 shorter intervention (< 3 months)

10

663

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.18, 2.29]

39.2 longer intervention (3+ months)

15

3058

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.80, 1.14]

40 Death (by mode of delivery) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

40.1 group

12

1007

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.46, 1.49]

40.2 individual

9

2172

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.70, 1.19]

40.3 group and individual

1

24

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.0 [0.27, 94.34]

40.4 not reported

3

518

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.73, 1.36]

41 Death (by age) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

41.1 younger (mean age < 85 years)

16

3001

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.81, 1.17]

41.2 older (mean age 85+ years)

9

720

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.79 [0.49, 1.27]

42 Death (by gender) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

42.1 < 80% female

12

2366

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.77, 1.25]

42.2 80%+ female

12

1340

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.71, 1.18]

42.3 not reported

1

15

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.16, 4.68]

43 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

7

857

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

4.54 [1.59, 7.49]

44 Sensitivity analysis: Barthel Index (cluster trials) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

44.1 cluster (adjusted)

5

811

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

3.08 [‐0.03, 6.19]

44.2 individual

2

46

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

17.55 [6.97, 28.13]

45 Sensitivity analysis: Functional Independence Measure (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

4

303

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

1.46 [‐0.42, 3.34]

46 Sensitivity analysis: Rivermead Mobility Index (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

3

323

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.04, 1.33]

47 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

7

885

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.66 [‐5.86, ‐1.45]

48 Sensitivity anlaysis: TUG Test (cluster trials) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

48.1 cluster (adjusted)

2

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.51 [‐3.93, 4.95]

48.2 individual

5

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐7.85 [‐14.34, ‐1.37]

49 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (re‐including Christofoletti 2008) Show forest plot

8

914

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐8.41 [‐15.53, ‐1.29]

50 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

9

590

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [0.00, 0.06]

51 Sensitivity analysis: Walking speed (cluster trials) Show forest plot

9

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

51.1 cluster (unadjusted)

1

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.01, 0.07]

51.2 individual

8

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.05, 0.08]

52 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: odds ratio) Show forest plot

25

3721

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.75, 1.15]

53 Sensitivity analysis: Death (random‐effects: risk difference) Show forest plot

25

3721

Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.01 [‐0.02, 0.01]

54 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

25

3721

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.80, 1.13]

55 Sensitivity analysis: Death (fixed‐effect: Peto odds ratio) Show forest plot

25

3721

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.75, 1.14]

56 Sensitivity analysis: Death (cluster trials) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

56.1 cluster (unadjusted)

13

2644

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.79, 1.15]

56.2 individual

12

1077

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.60, 1.44]

57 Sensitivity analysis: Death (including Brittle 2009) Show forest plot

26

3777

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.79, 1.11]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Rehabilitation versus control
Comparison 2. Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 TUG Test Show forest plot

2

57

Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)

‐7.95 [‐19.22, 3.31]

2 Death Show forest plot

4

118

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.67 [0.12, 60.93]

3 Sensitivity analysis: TUG Test (fixed‐effect) Show forest plot

2

57

Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)

‐7.19 [‐10.92, ‐3.46]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Rehabilitation (experimental) versus rehabilitation (control)