Tratamiento con inyección uretral para la incontinencia urinaria en mujeres
Appendices
Appendix 1. Searches by review authors for a previous version of this review
For a previous version of this review the review authors also performed additional specific searches. These included systematic searches (performed on 12 March 2007) of the following electronic databases:
MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE (on OVID online, via Digital Island). Years searched: January 1996 to January week 2 2007 (MEDLINE) and 7 February 2007 (PREMEDLINE). The following strategy was used:
1. ((urethra$ or periurethra$ or transurethra$) adj3 (agent$ or bulk$ or injection$ or injectable$)).tw.
2. injection therapy.tw.
3. injectable$.tw.
4. (injectable$ adj2 agent$).tw.
5. (bulk$ adj3 agent$).tw.
6. Incontinen$ or continen$.tw.
7. Exp Urinary incontinence/
8. 6 or 7
9. 8 and (2 or 3 or 5)
10. 9 or 1 or 4
These terms were combined with the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy (Clarke 2003) using the Boolean operator 'AND'.
Key: $ = wildcard; / = MeSH term all subheadings; tw = textword (searches in title and abstract); exp = exploded search; adjn = within n words either side of a term.
Appendix 2. Search strategies for brief economic commentary
We performed additional searches for the Brief Economic Commentary (BECs). These were conducted in MEDLINE(1 January 1946 to March 2017), Embase (1 January 1980 to 2017 Week 12) and NHS EED (1st Quarter 2016). All searches were conducted on 6 April 2017. We used two different search strategies on MEDLINE and EMBASE (OvidSP) and one on NHS EED (OVID). Details of the searches run and the search terms used can be found below. There were no year, publication type or language restrictions applied to the searches.
NHS EED (Ovid) (1st Quarter 2016)
NHS EED was searched using the following search strategy:
1. Urinary incontinence/
2. Urinary incontinence, stress/
3. ((stress$ or mix$ or urg$ or urin$) adj3 incontinen$).tw.
4. Or/1‐3
MEDLINE (1 January 1946 to March 2017) and Embase (1 January 1980 to 2017 Week 12)
We used two different search strategies on MEDLINE and EMBASE (OvidSP) ‐ these are given below.
Search strategy 1:
1. Economics, Pharmaceutical/ or Economics, Medical/ or Economics/ or Economics, Hospital/ or economics.mp. or Economics, Nursing/
2. exp "costs and cost analysis"/
3. "Value of Life"/
4. exp "fees and charges"/
5. exp budgets/
6. budget*.ti,ab.
7. cost*.ti.
8. (economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.
9. (price* or pricing*).ti,ab.
10. (cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.
11. (financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.
12. (value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.
13. ((energy or oxygen) adj cost).ti,ab.
14. (metabolic adj cost).ti,ab.
15. ((energy or oxygen) adj expenditure).ti,ab.
16. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15
17. exp Urinary Incontinence/
18. ((stress* or mix* or urg* or urin*) adj3 incontinen*).tw.
19. Urodynamics/ or Urinary Incontinence, Stress/ or Urinary Incontinence/ or Suburethral Slings/ or mixed incontinence.mp. or Urinary Bladder/ or Urinary Incontinence, Urge/
20. 17 or 18 or 19
21. ((urethra$ or periurethra$ or transurethra$) adj3 (agent$ or bulk$ or injection$ or injectable$)).tw.
22. 16 and 20 and 21
23. remove duplicates from 22
Search strategy 2:
1. economics.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
2. value of life.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
3. exp "costs and cost analysis"/
4. exp economics, hospital/
5. exp economics, medical/
6. economics, nursing.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
7. economics, pharmaceutical.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
8. exp "fees and charges"/
9. exp budgets/
10. budget*.ti,ab.
11. cost*.ti.
12. (economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.
13. (price* or pricing*).ti,ab.
14. (cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.
15. (financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.
16. (value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.
17. or/1‐16
18. economics.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
19. value of life.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
20. exp "costs and cost analysis"/
21. exp economics, hospital/
22. exp economics, medical/
23. economics, nursing.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
24. economics, pharmaceutical.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs
25. exp "fees and charges"/
26. exp budgets/
27. budget*.ti,ab.
28. cost*.ti.
29. (economic* or pharmaco?economic*).ti.
30. (price* or pricing*).ti,ab.
31. (cost* adj2 (effective* or utilit* or benefit* or minimi* or unit* or estimat* or variable*)).ab.
32. (financ* or fee or fees).ti,ab.
33. (value adj2 (money or monetary)).ti,ab.
34. 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33
35. ((energy or oxygen) adj cost).ti,ab.
36. (metabolic adj cost).ti,ab.
37. ((energy or oxygen) adj expenditure).ti,ab.
38. 34 or 35 or 36 or 37
39. urinary incontinence.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
40. ((stress$ or mix$ or urg$ or urin$) adj3 incontinen$).tw.
41. URINARY INCONTINENCE, STRESS.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
42. stress urinary incontinence*.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
43. 39 or 40 or 41 or 42
44. intervention surgery*.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
45. colporrhaphy.tw.
46. Bologna procedure*.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
47. Kelly‐Kennedy.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
48. Marion Kelly.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
49. Diaphragmplasty.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
50. Vaginal urethrocystopexy.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
51. Cystocele repair.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
52. Kelly plication.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
53. anterior vaginal repair$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
54. anterior colporrhaphy.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
55. 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 48 or 49 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 54
56. 38 and 43 and 55
57. remove duplicates from 56
58. Bladder neck needle suspension$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
59. 38 and 43 and 58
60. burch colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
61. open abdominal retropubic colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
62. Paravaginal defect repair.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
63. Marshall‐Marchetti‐Krantz.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
64. abdominal burch.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
65. abdominal colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
66. endopelvic Fascia Plication.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
67. 60 or 61 or 62 or 63 or 64 or 65 or 66
68. 38 and 43
69. 67 and 68
70. laparoscopic retropubic colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
71. laparoscopic colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
72. retropubic colposuspension.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
73. 70 or 71 or 72
74. 68 and 73
75. remove duplicates from 74
76. suburethral sling.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
77. abdominal sling.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
78. traditional sling procedure$*.tw.
79. suburethral sling procedure.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
80. 76 or 77 or 78 or 79
81. 68 and 80
82. remove duplicates from 81
83. mid$urethral sling.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
84. retropubic sling procedure$*.tw.
85. transobturator sling procedure$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
86. 83 or 84 or 85
87. remove duplicates from 86
88. 68 and 87
89. TVT‐Secur.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
90. mini‐arc.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
91. ajust.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
92. needleless.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
93. solyx.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
94. single$incision sling$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
95. miniarc.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
96. mini$sling.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
97. Ophira.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
98. Tissue Fixation System.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
99. 89 or 90 or 91 or 92 or 93 or 94 or 95 or 96 or 97 or 98
100. 68 and 99
101. remove duplicates from 100
102. ((urethra$ or periurethra$ or transurethra$) adj3 (agent$ or bulk$ or injection$ or injectable$)).tw.
103. injection therapy.tw.
104. injectable$.tw.
105. (injectable$ adj2 agent$).tw.
106. (bulk$ adj3 agent$).tw.
107. Peri$urethral injection$.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
108. Autologous fat.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
109. Macroplastique.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
110. Calcium hydroxylapatite.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
111. Hyaluronic acid with dextranomer.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
112. Porcine dermal implant.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
113. Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
114. Silicon particles.mp. [mp=ti, ab, ot, nm, hw, kf, px, rx, ui, an, eu, pm, sy, tn, dm, mf, dv, kw, fs]
115. 102 or 103 or 104 or 105 or 106 or 107 or 108 or 109 or 110 or 111 or 112 or 113 or 114
116. 68 and 115
117. remove duplicates from 116
PRISMA Study flow diagram ‐ showing the flow of literature through the review process
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 1 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) within first year.
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 2 Pad weight test.
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 3 Disease‐specific measures.
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 4 Number of patients requiring more than 1 treatment to achieve maximum benefit.
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 5 Peri‐ and postoperative complication.
Comparison 1 Urethral injection therapy versus no treatment, Outcome 6 Serious morbidity (such as pulmonary embolism) or mortality.
Comparison 2 Urethral injection therapy versus conservative management, Outcome 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged or improved) at 3 months.
Comparison 2 Urethral injection therapy versus conservative management, Outcome 2 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) at 3 months.
Comparison 2 Urethral injection therapy versus conservative management, Outcome 3 Disease‐specific measures.
Comparison 2 Urethral injection therapy versus conservative management, Outcome 4 Peri‐ and postoperative complication.
Comparison 3 Urethral injection therapy versus other surgical managements, Outcome 1 Number not cured (subjectively) within first year.
Comparison 3 Urethral injection therapy versus other surgical managements, Outcome 2 Number not cured (objectively) within first year.
Comparison 3 Urethral injection therapy versus other surgical managements, Outcome 3 Presence of urinary urgency and urge incontinence.
Comparison 3 Urethral injection therapy versus other surgical managements, Outcome 4 Disease‐specific measures.
Comparison 3 Urethral injection therapy versus other surgical managements, Outcome 5 Numbers not satisfied.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged ) within first year.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 2 Number not cured (worse, unchanged ) after first year.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 3 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) within first year.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 4 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) after first year.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 5 Presence of urge incontinence.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 6 Pad weight test.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 7 Number of treatment required to achieve maximum benefit.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 8 Number of patients requiring more than 1 treatment to achieve maximum benefit.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 9 Total volume injected.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 10 Peri‐ and post‐ operative complication.
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 11 Voiding difficulties postoperatively and long‐term (hypercontinence).
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 12 New urinary symptoms (urge incontinence).
Comparison 4 One material for injectable treatment versus another material for injectable treatment, Outcome 13 Injection site complications.
Comparison 5 One route of injection versus another route of injection, Outcome 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged or improved) within first year.
Comparison 5 One route of injection versus another route of injection, Outcome 2 Urinary retention.
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) within first year Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2 Pad weight test Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3 Disease‐specific measures Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 4 Number of patients requiring more than 1 treatment to achieve maximum benefit Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 5 Peri‐ and postoperative complication Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 6 Serious morbidity (such as pulmonary embolism) or mortality Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 6.1 periurethral autologous fat vs saline | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged or improved) at 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) at 3 months Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3 Disease‐specific measures Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4 Peri‐ and postoperative complication Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.1 retention | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Number not cured (subjectively) within first year Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 macroplastique vs pubovaginal sling | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2 Number not cured (objectively) within first year Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.1 collagen vs surgery | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2.2 macroplastique vs pubovaginal sling | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3 Presence of urinary urgency and urge incontinence Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.1 collagen vs surgery | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 4 Disease‐specific measures Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.1 collagen vs surgery | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 5 Numbers not satisfied Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.1 collagen vs surgery | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 5.2 macroplastique vs pubovaginal sling | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged ) within first year Show forest plot | 5 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 carbon particles vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.2 Silicone particles vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.3 Ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.4 Permacol vs silicone particles | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.5 Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid versus collagen <2g leakage on pad test | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2 Number not cured (worse, unchanged ) after first year Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.1 Carbon particles versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2.2 CaHa versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) within first year Show forest plot | 3 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 3.1 silicone particles vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3.2 calcium hydroxylapatite versus collagen | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3.3 Permacol vs silicone at 6 months using stamey grade | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3.4 permacol vs silicone at 6 months using KCQ | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3.5 Zuidex versus Contigen using 50% reduction in leak on provocation | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 3.6 Zuidex vs collagen improvement of one or more Stamey grade | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 4 Number not improved (worse or unchanged) after first year Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 4.1 Carbon particles versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 4.2 CaHa versus collagen ‐ improved | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 4.3 CaHa versus collagen ‐ significant improvement | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 5 Presence of urge incontinence Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 5.1 Permacol vs silicone particles | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 6 Pad weight test Show forest plot | 4 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 6.1 carbon particles vs collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 6.2 CaHa versus collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 6.3 Silicone particles vs collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 6.4 Dexranomer/hyaluronic acid versus collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 7 Number of treatment required to achieve maximum benefit Show forest plot | 2 | 699 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.1 carbon particles vs collagen | 1 | 355 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 7.2 Zuidex vs collagen | 1 | 344 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 8 Number of patients requiring more than 1 treatment to achieve maximum benefit Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 8.1 silicone particles vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 8.2 Zuidex versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 9 Total volume injected Show forest plot | 2 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 9.1 Silicon vs collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 9.2 Zuidex vs collagen | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 10 Peri‐ and post‐ operative complication Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 10.1 CaHa particles vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 10.2 Zuidex vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 11 Voiding difficulties postoperatively and long‐term (hypercontinence) Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 11.1 CaHa versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 11.2 permacol vs silicone particles | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 12 New urinary symptoms (urge incontinence) Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 12.1 CaHa vs collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 13 Injection site complications Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 13.1 Zuidex versus collagen | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Number not cured (worse, unchanged or improved) within first year Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 periurethral injection vs transurethral injection | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 1.2 bladder neck versus mid‐urethral | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2 Urinary retention Show forest plot | 2 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 2.1 periurethral vs transurethral injection | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| 2.2 bladder neck vs mid‐urethral | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
