Appendix 1. Search strategies

Cochrane Injuries Group Specialised Register
1. (blunt or non‐penetrat*) and (trauma* or injur* or wound*)
2. (spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) and (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*)
3. (Car or motorcar or cycle or cycling or bicycle* or bike* or motorbike* or motorcycle* or motor‐bike* or motor‐cycle*) and (injur* or accident* or crash*)
4. (splenosis or splenoses or multiple‐trauma* or poly‐trauma* or hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free‐fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*)
5. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4
6. ultrasonic or ultrasound or echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph*
7. 5 and 6

Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library)
#1 (hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free?fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*)
#2 (spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) near5 (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*)
#3 (blunt or non‐penetrat*) near5 (trauma* or injur* or wound*)
#4 trauma* near3 shock*
#5 (splenosis or splenoses)
#6 (multiple‐trauma* or poly‐trauma*)
#7 (Car* or motorcar* or cycle* or cycling or bicycl* or bike* or motorbike* or motorcycle* or motor‐bike* or motor‐cycle*) near5 (injur* or accident* or crash*)
#8 (#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7)
#9 Ultrasonography
#10 (ultrasonic or ultrasound) near3 (diagnos* or tomograph* or imaging*)
#11 (echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph* or ultrasound)
#12 (Focused near2 Assessment near2 Sonography near2 Trauma).ab,ti.
#13 (#9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12)
#14 (#8 AND #13)

MEDLINE (OvidSP)
1. exp Abdominal Injuries/
2. exp Thoracic Injuries/
3. exp Wounds, Nonpenetrating/
4. exp Multiple Trauma/
5. exp Retroperitoneal Space/in [Injuries]
6. exp Rupture/
7. exp Shock, Traumatic/
8. (hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free?fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*).ab,ti.
9. ((spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) adj5 (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*)).ab,ti.
10. (splenosis or splenoses).ab,ti.
11. exp Accidents/
12. exp Seat Belts/
13. exp Bicycling/
14. exp Motorcycles/
15. (multiple?trauma* or poly?trauma*).ab,ti.
16. ((Car* or motorcar* or cycle* or cycling or bicycl* or bike* or motorbike* or motorcycle* or motor‐bike* or motor‐cycle*) near5 (injur* or accident* or crash*))ab,ti.
17.1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16
18. exp Ultrasonography/
19. (ultrasonic adj3 (diagnos* or tomograph* or imaging*)).ab,ti.
20. (echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph* or ultrasound).ab,ti.
21. (Focused adj2 Assessment adj2 Sonography adj2 Trauma).ab,ti.
22. 18 or 19 or 20 or 21
23. 17 and 22
24. randomi?ed.ab,ti.
25. randomized controlled trial.pt.
26. controlled clinical trial.pt.
27. placebo.ab.
28. clinical trials as topic.sh.
29. randomly.ab.
30. trial.ti.
31. 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30
32. (animals not (humans and animals)).sh.
33. 31 not 32
34. 23 and 33

Embase (OvidSP)
1.exp thorax blunt trauma/ or exp blunt trauma/
2.exp abdominal blunt trauma/
3.exp multiple trauma/
4.exp retroperitoneum/
5.exp rupture/
6.exp abdominal organ rupture/
7.exp traumatic shock/
8.(hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free?fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*).ab,ti.
9.((spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) adj5 (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*)).ab,ti.
10.(splenosis or splenoses).ab,ti.
11.exp accident/
12.exp seatbelt/ or exp seatbelt injury/
13.exp bicycle/
14.exp motor vehicle/
15.(multiple?trauma* or poly?trauma*).ab,ti.
16.((Car* or motorcar* or cycle* or cycling or bicycl* or bike* or motorbike* or motorcycle* or motor‐bike* or motor‐cycle*) near5 (injur* or accident* or crash*)).ab,ti.
17.1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16
18.exp echography/ or exp echotomography/
19.(ultrasonic adj3 (diagnos* or tomograph* or imaging*)).ab,ti.
20.(echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph* or ultrasound).ab,ti.
21.(Focused adj2 Assessment adj2 Sonography adj2 Trauma).ab,ti.
22.18 or 19 or 20 or 21
23.17 and 22
24.exp Randomized Controlled Trial/
25.exp controlled clinical trial/
26.randomi?ed.ab,ti.
27.placebo.ab.
28.*Clinical Trial/
29.randomly.ab.
30.trial.ti.
31.24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30
32.exp animal/ not (exp human/ and exp animal/)
33.31 not 32
34.23 and 33

ISI Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI‐EXPANDED) and Conference Proceedings Citation Index ‐ Science (CPCI‐S)
#1 Topic=((singl* OR doubl* OR trebl* OR tripl*) SAME (blind* OR mask*))
#2 Topic=(randomised OR randomized OR randomly OR random order OR random sequence OR random allocation OR randomly allocated OR at random OR randomized controlled trial) OR Topic=(controlled clinical trial OR controlled trial OR clinical trial OR placebo)
#3 #1 or #2
#4Topic=(human*)
#5 #3 and #4
#6 Topic=((blunt or non‐penetrat*) same (trauma* or injur* or wound*))
#7 Topic=((spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) same (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*))
#8 Topic=((Car* or motorcar* or cycle* or cycling or bicycl* or bike* or motorbike* or motorcycle* or motor‐bike* or motor‐cycle*) same (injur* or accident* or crash*))
#9 Topic=(splenosis or splenoses or multiple‐trauma* or poly‐trauma* or hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free‐fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*)
#10 #6 or #7 or #8 or #9
#11Topic=((ultrasonic or ultrasound) SAME (diagnos* or tomograph* or imaging*))
#12Topic=((echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph* or ultrasound))
#13 #11 or #12
#14 #5 and #10 and #13

CINAHL Plus (EBSCO)
S1 exp Abdominal Injuries/
S2 exp Thoracic Injuries/
S3 exp Wounds, Nonpenetrating/
S4 exp Multiple Trauma/
S5 exp Retroperitoneal Space/in [Injuries]
S6 exp Rupture/
S7 exp Shock, Traumatic/
S8 hemoperiton* or haemoperiton* or free fluid or intraperiton* or retroperiton*
S9 (spleen or splenic or liver or hepatic or abdomen or abdominal or stomach or thorax or thoracic) AND (trauma* or injur* or ruptur* or bleed*)
S10 splenosis or splenoses
S11 multiple trauma* or poly trauma*)
S12 S1 or S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11
S13 exp Ultrasonography/
S14 (ultrasonic AND (diagnos* or tomograph* or imaging*))
S15 (echotomograph* or echograph* or ultrasonograph* or sonograph* or ultrasound)
S16 (Focused Assessment of Sonography for Trauma)
S17 S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16
S18 S12 AND S17 (limited to clinical trials)