| Advanced care planning compared with usual care for patients with heart failure |
| Patient or population: heart failure patients with or without their surrogate decision‐makers/carers Settings: in‐patient and out‐patient hospitals and clinics Intervention: advanced care planning Comparison: usual care |
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect
(95% CI) | No. of Participants
(studies) | Quality of the evidence
(GRADE) |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk |
| Usual care | ACP |
| Concordance between participants' preferences and end‐of‐life care (yes/no) | [value] per 1000 | [value] per 1000
([value] to [value]) | RR [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Participants' quality of life | The mean quality of life score ranged across control groups from [value][measure] | The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was
[value] [lower/higher]
[(value to value lower/higher)] | MD [value] ([value] to [value]) or SMD [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Participants' satisfaction with care/treatment (yes/no) | [value] per 1000 | [value] per 1000
([value] to [value]) | RR [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Completion of documentation by medical staff regarding discussions with participants about ACP processes (yes/no) | [value] per 1000 | [value] per 1000
([value] to [value]) | RR [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Participants' depressive state | The mean quality of life score ranged across control groups from [value][measure] | The mean quality of life score in the intervention groups was
[value] [lower/higher]
[(value to value lower/higher)] | MD [value] ([value] to [value]) or SMD [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Caregivers' satisfaction with care/treatment (yes/no) | [value] per 1000 | [value] per 1000
([value] to [value]) | RR [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| Quality of communication | The mean quality of communication domain score ranged across control groups from [value][measure] | The mean quality of communication domain score in the intervention groups was [value] [lower/higher]
[(value to value lower/higher)] | MD [value] ([value] to [value]) or SMD [value] ([value] to [value]) | [value]
([value]) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low ⊕⊕⊝⊝
low ⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate ⊕⊕⊕⊕
high |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
ACP: advanced care planning; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; RR: risk ratio; SMD: standardised mean difference |
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High‐quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate‐quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low‐quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low‐quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate. |
