Appendix 1. MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy

1 randomized controlled trial.pt.
2 controlled clinical trial.pt.
3 randomized.ab.
4 placebo.ab.
5 drug therapy.fs.
6 randomly.ab.
7 trial.ab.
8 groups.ab.
9 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8
10 exp animals/ not humans.sh.
11 9 not 10
12 exp osteoarthritis/
13 osteoarthr$.tw.
14 (degenerative adj2 arthritis).tw.
15 arthrosis.tw.
16 arthropat$.tw.
17 rotator cuff arthro$.tw.
18 or/12‐17
19 Shoulder/
20 shoulder joint/
21 shoulder pain/
22 shoulder$.tw.
23 or/19‐22
24 exp surgical Procedures, Operative/
25 su.fs.
26 (surgery$ or surgeries or surgical or operat$).tw.
27 (arthroplast$ or hemiarthroplast$ or (joint$ adj2 replace$)).tw.
28 (surface$ adj replace$).tw.
29 resurfac$.tw.
30 RTSA.tw.
31 glenoid.tw.
32 glenosphere.tw.
33 exp "Prostheses and Implants"/
34 (glenoid adj2 component).tw.
35 (humor$ adj2 component).tw.
36 endopro$.tw.
37 reverse.tw.
38 or/24‐37
39 and/11,18,23,38

Appendix 2. EMBASE (Ovid) search strategy

1 random$.ti,ab.
2 factorial$.ti,ab.
3 (crossover$ or cross over$ or cross‐over$).ti,ab.
4 placebo$.ti,ab.
5 (doubl$ adj blind$).ti,ab.
6 (singl$ adj blind$).ti,ab.
7 assign$.ti,ab.
8 allocat$.ti,ab.
9 volunteer$.ti,ab.
10 crossover procedure.sh.
11 double blind procedure.sh.
12 randomized controlled trial.sh.
13 single blind procedure.sh.
14 or/1‐13
15 exp osteoarthritis/
16 osteoarthr$.tw.
17 (degenerative adj2 arthritis).tw.
18 arthrosis.tw.
19 arthropat$.tw.
20 rotator cuff arthro$.tw.
21 or/15‐20
22 Shoulder/
23 Shoulder Pain/
24 shoulder$.tw.
25 or/22‐24
26 exp Surgery/
27 su.fs.
28 (surgery$ or surgeries or surgical or operat$).tw.
29 RTSA.tw.
30 (arthroplast$ or hemiarthroplast$ or (joint$ adj2 replace$)).tw.
31 (surface$ adj replace$).tw.
32 resurfac$.tw.
33 glenoid.tw.
34 glenosphere.tw.
35 (glenoid adj2 component).tw.
36 (humor$ adj2 component).tw.
37 endopro$.tw.
38 reverse.tw.
39 or/26‐38
40 14 and 21 and 25 and 39

Appendix 3. CENTRAL search strategy

1 MeSH descriptor: [Osteoarthritis] explode all trees
2 osteoarth*:ti,ab
3 degenerative near/2 arthritis:ti,ab
4 arthrosis:ti,ab
5 arthropat*:ti,ab
6 (#1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5)
7 MeSH descriptor: [Shoulder] explode all trees
8 MeSH descriptor: [Shoulder Joint] explode all trees
9 MeSH descriptor: [Shoulder Pain] explode all trees
10 shoulder*:ti,ab
11 (#7 or #8 or #9 or #10)
12 MeSH descriptor: [Surgical Procedures, Operative] explode all trees
13 Any MeSH descriptor with qualifier(s): [Surgery ‐ SU]
14 RTSA or reverse or glenoid or glenosphere:ti,ab
15 (surgery* or surgeries or surgical or operat*):ti,ab
16 (arthroplast* or hemiarthroplast* or (joint* near/2 replace*)):ti,ab
17 (glenoid near/2 component) or (humor* near/2 component):ti,ab
18 surface* replace*:ti,ab
19 resurfac*:ti,ab
20 endopro*:ti,ab
21 reverse:ti,ab
22 (#12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21)
23 (#6 and #11 and #22)

Appendix 4. CINAHL search strategy

S1 (MH "Osteoarthritis+")

S2 TI osteoarthr* OR AB osteoarthr*

S3 TI (degenerative n2 arthritis) OR AB (degenerative n2 arthritis)

S4 TI arthrosis OR AB arthrosis

S5 TI arthropat* OR AB arthropat*

S6 TI "rotator cuff arthro*" OR AB "rotator cuff arthro*"

S7 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6

S8 (MH "Shoulder")

S9 (MH "Shoulder Joint")

S10 (MH "Shoulder Pain")

S11 TI shoulder* OR AB shoulder*

S12 S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11

S13 (MH "Surgery, Operative+")

S14 TI ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* ) OR AB ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* )

S15 TI ( RTSA OR reverse ) OR AB ( RTSA OR reverse )S16 TI ( arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR (joint* N2 replace*) ) OR AB ( arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR (joint* N2 replace*) )

S17 TI surface* replace* OR AB surface* replace*

S18 TI resurfac* OR AB resurfac*

S19 TI glenoid OR AB glenoid

S20 TI glenosphere OR AB glenosphere

S21 (MH "Prostheses and Implants+")

S22 TI (glenoid N2 component) OR AB (glenoid N2 component)

S23 TI (humor* N2 component) OR AB (humor* N2 component)

S24 TI endopro* OR AB endopro*

S25 S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24

S26 (MH "Clinical Trials+")

S27 PT Clinical Trial

S28 TI clinical* trial* OR AB clinical* trial*

S29 TI singl* blind* or singl* mask* or doub* blind* or doubl* mask* or trebl* blind* or trebl* mask* or tripl* blind* or tripl* mask*

S30 AB singl* blind* or singl* mask* or doub* blind* or doubl* mask* or trebl* blind* or trebl* mask* or tripl* blind* or tripl* mask*

S31 TI randomi?ed control* trial* OR AB randomi?ed control* trial*

S32 (MH "Random Assignment")

S33 TI random* allocat* OR AB random* allocat*

S34 TI placebo* OR AB placebo*

S35 (MH "Placebos")

S36 (MH "Quantitative Studies")

S37 TI allocat* random* OR AB allocat* random*

S38 S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37

S39 S7 AND S12 AND S25 AND S38

Appendix 5. SportDiscus search strategy

S1 TI ( osteoarthr* OR (degenerative n2 arthritis) OR arthrosis OR arthopat* OR "rotator cuff arthro*" ) OR AB ( osteoarthr* OR (degenerative n2 arthritis) OR arthrosis OR arthopat* OR "rotator cuff arthro*" ) OR SU ( osteoarthr* OR (degenerative n2 arthritis) OR arthrosis OR arthopat* OR "rotator cuff arthro*" ) OR KW ( osteoarthr* OR (degenerative n2 arthritis) OR arthrosis OR arthopat* OR "rotator cuff arthro*" )

S2 TI shoulder* OR AB shoulder* OR SU shoulder* OR KW shoulder*

S3 TI ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* OR arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR joint* replace* OR surface* replace* OR resurfac* OR RTSA OR reverse OR glenoid OR glenosphere OR (glenoid n2 component) OR (humor* n2 component) OR endopro* ) OR AB ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* OR arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR joint* replace* OR surface* replace* OR resurfac* OR RTSA OR reverse OR glenoid OR glenosphere OR (glenoid n2 component) OR (humor* n2 component) OR endopro* ) OR SU ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* OR arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR joint* replace* OR surface* replace* OR resurfac* OR RTSA OR reverse OR glenoid OR glenosphere OR (glenoid n2 component) OR (humor* n2 component) OR endopro* ) OR KW ( surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* OR arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR joint* replace* OR surface* replace* OR resurfac* OR RTSA OR reverse OR glenoid OR glenosphere OR (glenoid n2 component) OR (humor* n2 component) OR endopro* )

S5 S1 AND S2 AND S3 AND S4 (24)

Appendix 6. Web of Science search strategy

#1 TOPIC: (osteoarthr*)

#2 TOPIC: (degenerative near/2 arthritis)

#3 TOPIC: (arthrosis OR arthropat* OR "rotator cuff arthro*")

#4 #1 or #2 or #3

#5 TOPIC: (shoulder*)

#6 TOPIC: (surgery* OR surgeries OR surgical OR operat* OR arthroplast* OR hemiarthroplast* OR joint* replace* OR surface* replace* OR resurfac* OR RTSA OR reverse OR glenoid OR glenosphere OR (glenoid near/2 component) OR (humor* near/2 component) OR endopro*)

#7 TOPIC: (trial* or random* or placebo* or control* or double or treble or triple or blind* or mask* or allocat* or prospective* or volunteer*or comparative or evaluation or follow‐up or followup)

#8 #4 and #5 and #6 and #7

Appendix 7. clinicaltrials.org search strategy

shoulder AND (arthroplasty OR hemiarthroplasty OR replacement OR resurfacing OR surface)

Appendix 8. WHO ICTRP search strategy

1 shoulder AND replacement

2 shoulder AND arthroplasty

3 shoulder and hemiarthroplasty

4 shoulder AND reverse

5 shoulder and surface