Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy

#1 stroke

#2 yoga

#3 meditation

#4 mind body therapy

#5 breathing exercises

#6 relaxation

#7 #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6

#8 #1 and #7

Appendix 2. MEDLINE search strategy

MEDLINE (Ovid)

1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp intracranial arteriovenous malformations/ or exp "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/ or vasospasm, intracranial/ or vertebral artery dissection/

2. (stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc$ or brain vasc$ or cerebral vasc$ or cva$ or apoplex$ or SAH).tw.

3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracran$ or intracerebral) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$)).tw.

4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracranial or subarachnoid) adj5 (haemorrhage$ or hemorrhage$ or haematoma$ or hematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.

5. hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or exp Gait Disorders, Neurologic/

6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or pareis or paretic).tw.

7. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8. Yoga/ or mind‐body therapies/ or exp breathing exercises/ or meditation/ or relaxation therapy/

9. (yoga$ or yogic or relaxation or meditation or mind‐body or (mind adj1 body) or postures).tw.

10. (breath$ adj3 (exercises or control$)).tw.

11. (hatha or ashtanga or bikram or iyengar or kripalu or kundalini or sivananda or vinyasa or raja or radja or bhakti or jnana or kriya or karma or yama or niyama or asana$ or pranayama or pratyahara or dharana or dhyana or samadhi or bandha or mudra).tw.

12. 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13. 7 and 12

14. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/

15. random allocation/

16. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/

17. control groups/

18. clinical trials as topic/

19. double‐blind method/

20. single‐blind method/

21. Placebos/

22. placebo effect/

23. cross‐over studies/

24. randomized controlled trial.pt.

25. controlled clinical trial.pt.

26. clinical trial.pt.

27. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.

28. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.

29. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.

30. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.

31. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.

32. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.

33. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.

34. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.

35. (placebo$ or sham).tw.

36. trial.ti.

37. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.

38. controls.tw.

39. or/14‐38

40. 13 and 39

41. exp animals/ not humans.sh.

42. 40 not 41

Appendix 3. Embase search strategy

Embase (Ovid)

1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp intracranial arteriovenous malformations/ or exp "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/ or vasospasm, intracranial/ or vertebral artery dissection/

2. (stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc$ or brain vasc$ or cerebral vasc$ or cva$ or apoplex$ or SAH).tw.

3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracran$ or intracerebral) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$)).tw.

4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracranial or subarachnoid) adj5 (haemorrhage$ or hemorrhage$ or haematoma$ or hematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.

5. hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or exp Gait Disorders, Neurologic/

6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or pareis or paretic).tw.

7. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6

8. Yoga/ or mind‐body therapies/ or exp breathing exercises/ or meditation/ or relaxation therapy/

9. (yoga$ or yogic or relaxation or meditation or mind‐body or (mind adj1 body) or postures).tw.

10. (breath$ adj3 (exercises or control$)).tw.

11. (hatha or ashtanga or bikram or iyengar or kripalu or kundalini or sivananda or vinyasa or raja or radja or bhakti or jnana or kriya or karma or yama or niyama or asana$ or pranayama or pratyahara or dharana or dhyana or samadhi or bandha or mudra).tw.

12. 8 or 9 or 10 or 11

13. 7 and 12

14. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/

15. random allocation/

16. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/

17. control groups/

18. clinical trials as topic/

19. double‐blind method/

20. single‐blind method/

21. Placebos/

22. placebo effect/

23. cross‐over studies/

24. randomized controlled trial.pt.

25. controlled clinical trial.pt.

26. clinical trial.pt.

27. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.

28. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.

29. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.

30. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.

31. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.

32. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.

33. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.

34. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.

35. (placebo$ or sham).tw.

36. trial.ti.

37. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.

38. controls.tw.

39. or/14‐38

40. 13 and 39

41. exp animals/ not humans.sh.

42. 40 not 41

Appendix 4. CINAHL search strategy

CINAHL (EBSCO)

S39. S13 AND S38; Limiters ‐ Human; Randomized Controlled Trials

S38. S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37

S37. TX controls

S36. TX (assign* OR allocat*)

S35. TI trial

S34. TX (placebo* OR sham)

S33. TX (cross‐over OR cross over ORcrossover)

S32. TX ((singl* OR doubl* OR tripl* OR trebl*) W5 (blind* OR mask*))

S31. TX ((control OR experiment* OR conservative) W5 (treatment OR therapy OR procedure OR manage*))

S30. TX (quasi‐random* OR quasi random* OR pseudo‐random* OR pseudo random*)

S29. TX ((control OR treatment OR experiment* OR intervention) W5 (group* OR subject* OR patient*))

S28. TX (clinical* W5 trial*)

S27. TX ((controlled W5 (trial* OR stud*))

S26. TX (random* OR RCT OR RCTs)

S25. PT Clinical Trial

S24. PT Controlled Clinical Trial

S23. PT Randomized Controlled Trial

S22. (MH "Crossover Design")

S21. (MH "Placebo Effect")

S20. (MH "Placebos")

S19. (MH "Single‐Blind Studies")

S18. (MH "Double‐Blind Studies")

S17. (MH "Control Group")

S16. (MH "Clinical Trials")

S15. (MH "Random Assignment")

S14. (MH "Randomized Controlled Trials")

S13. S7 AND S12

S12. S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11

S11. TX (hatha OR ashtanga OR bikram OR iyengar OR kripalu OR kundalini OR sivananda OR vinyasa OR raja OR radja OR bhakti OR jhana OR kriya OR karma OR yama OR niyama OR asana* OR pranayama OR pratyahara OR dharana OR dhyana OR samadhi OR bandha OR mudra)

S10. TX ((breath* W3 (exercises OR control*))

S9. TX ((yoga* OR yogic OR relaxation OR meditation OR mindbody OR (mind W1 body) OR postures))

S8. (MH "Yoga") OR (MH "Mind‐body Therapies") OR (MH "Breathing Exercises+") OR (MH "Meditation") OR (MH "Relaxation Therapy")

S7. S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6

S6. TX (hemipleg* OR hemipar* OR pareis OR paretic)

S5. (MH "Hemiplegia") OR (MH "Paresis+") OR (MH "Gait Disorders, Neurologic+")

S4. S4 TX ((brain* OR cerebr* OR cerebell* OR intracerebral OR intracranial OR subarachnoid) W5 (haemorrhage* OR hemorrhage* OR haematoma* OR hematoma OR bleed*))

S3. TX ((brain* OR cerebr* OR cerebell* OR intracran* OR intracerebral) W5 (isch?emi* OR infarct* OR thrombo* OR emboli* OR occlus*))

S2. TX (stroke OR poststroke OR poststroke OR cerebrovasc* OR brain vasc* OR cerebral vasc* OR cva* OR apoplex* OR SAH)

S1. (MH "Cerebrovascular Disorders") OR (MH"Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease+") OR (MH "Brain Ischemia+") OR (MH "Carotid Artery Diseases+") OR (MH "Intracranial Arterial Diseases+") OR (MH "Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations+") OR (MH ""Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis"+") OR (MH "Intracranial Hemorrhages+") OR (MH "Stroke") OR (MH "Brain Infarction+") OR (MH "Vasospasm, Intracranial") OR (MH "Vertebral Artery Dissection")

Appendix 5. PsycINFO search strategy

Stroke (anywhere)

Yoga (anywhere)

Meditation (anywhere)

Relaxation

Breathing exercises

Mind body therapy

Stroke AND yoga

Stroke AND meditation

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND mind body therapy

Yoga OR mind‐body therapy OR breathing exercises OR meditation OR relaxation therapy

Stroke AND (Yoga OR mind‐body therapy OR breathing exercises OR meditation OR relaxation therapy)

Appendix 6. AMED search strategy

S40. S13 AND S39

S39. S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38TX controls

S38. TX controls

S37. TX (assign* OR allocat*)

S36. TI trial

S35. TX (placebo* OR sham)

S34. TX (cross‐over OR cross over OR crossover)

S33. TX ((singl* OR doubl* OR tripl* OR trebl*) W5 (blind* OR mask*))

S32. TX ((control OR experiment* OR conservative) W5 (treatment OR therapy OR procedure OR manage*))

S31. TX (quasi‐random* OR quasi random* OR pseudo‐random* OR pseudo random*)

S30. TX ((control OR treatment OR experiment* OR intervention) W5 (group* OR subject* OR patient*))

S29. TX (clinical* W5 trial*)

S28. TX ((controlled W5 (trial* OR stud*))

S27. TX (random* OR RCT OR RCTs)

S26. PT Clinical Trial

S25. PT Controlled Clinical Trial

S24. PT Randomized Controlled Trial

S23. cross‐over studies/

S22. placebo effect/

S21. Placebos/

S20. single‐blind method/

S19. double‐blind method/

S18. clinical trials as topic/

S17. control groups/

S16. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/

S15. random allocation/

S14. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/

S13. S7 AND S12

S12. S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11

S11. TX (hatha OR ashtanga OR bikram OR iyengar OR kripalu OR kundalini
OR sivananda OR vinyasa OR raja OR radja OR bhakti OR jhana OR kriya OR karma OR yama OR niyama OR asana* OR pranayama OR pratyahara OR dharana OR dhyana OR samadhi OR bandha OR mudra)

S10. TX ((breath* W3 (exercises OR control*))

S9. TX ((yoga* OR yogic OR relaxation OR meditation OR mindbody OR (mind W1 body) OR postures))

S8. Yoga/ or mind‐body therapies/ or exp breathing exercises/ or meditation/ or relaxation therapy/

S7. S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6

S6. TX (hemipleg* OR hemipar* OR pareis OR paretic)

S5. hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or exp Gait Disorders, Neurologic/

S4. TX ((brain* OR cerebr* OR cerebell* OR intracerebral OR intracranial OR subarachnoid) W5 (haemorrhage* OR hemorrhage* OR haematoma* OR hematoma* OR bleed*))

S3. TX ((brain* OR cerebr* OR cerebell* OR intracran* OR intracerebral) W5 (isch?emi* OR infarct* OR thrombo* OR emboli* OR occlus*))

S2. TX (stroke OR poststroke OR poststroke OR cerebrovasc* OR brain vasc* OR cerebral vasc* OR cva* OR apoplex* OR SAH)

S1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or exp basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp intracranial arteriovenous malformations/ or exp "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/ or vasospasm, intracranial/ or vertebral artery dissection/

Appendix 7. LILACS search strategy

1. (mh:(cerebrovascular disORders)) OR (mh:(basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease)) OR (mh:(brain ischemia)) OR (mh:(carotid artery diseases)) OR (mh:(intracranial arterial diseases)) OR (mh:(intracranial arteriovenous malfORmations)) OR (mh:(intracranial embolism and thrombosis)) OR (mh:(intracranial hemORrhages)) OR (mh:(stroke)) OR (mh:(brain infarction)) OR (mh:(intracranial vasospasm)) OR (mh:(vertebral artery dissection))

2. (tw:(stroke)) OR (tw:(poststroke)) OR (tw:(post‐stroke)) OR (tw:(cerebrovasc$)) OR (tw:(brain vasc$)) OR (tw:(cerebral vasc$)) OR (tw:(cva$)) OR (tw:(apoplex$)) OR (tw:(SAH))

3. (tw:(brain$)) OR (tw:(cerebr$)) OR (tw:(cerebell$)) OR (tw:(intracran$)) OR (tw:(intracerebral)) adj5 (tw:(isch?emi$)) OR (tw:(infarct$)) OR (tw:(thrombo$)) OR (tw:(emboli$)) OR (tw:(occlus$))

4. (tw:(brain$)) OR (tw:(cerebr$)) OR (tw:(cerebell$)) OR (tw:(intracerebral)) OR (tw:(intracranial)) OR (tw:(subarachnoid)) adj5 (tw:(haemorrhage$)) OR (tw:(hemorrhage$)) OR (tw:(haematoma$)) OR (tw:(hematoma$)) OR (tw:(bleed$))

5. (mh:(hemiplegia OR (mh:(paresis OR (mh:(”Gait DisORders, Neurologic”)

6. (tw:(hemipleg$)) OR (tw:(hemipar$)) OR (tw:(pareis)) OR (tw:(paretic))

7. 1 OR 2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6

8. (mh:(Yoga)) OR (mh:(mind‐body therapies)) OR (mh:(breathing exercises)) OR (mh:(meditation)) OR (mh:(relaxation therapy))

9. (tw:(yoga$)) OR (tw:(yogic)) OR (tw:(relaxation)) OR (tw:(meditation)) OR (tw:(mind‐body)) OR (tw:(mind)) adj1 (tw:(body)) OR (tw:(postures))

10. (tw:(breath$)) adj3 (tw:(exercises)) OR (tw:(control$))

11. (tw:(hatha)) OR (tw:(ashtanga)) OR (tw:(bikram)) OR (tw:(iyengar)) OR (tw:(kripalu)) OR (tw:(kundalini)) OR (tw:(sivananda)) OR (tw:(vinyasa)) OR (tw:(raja)) OR (tw:(radja)) OR (tw:(bhakti)) OR (tw:(jnana)) OR (tw:(kriya)) OR (tw:(karma)) OR (tw:(yama)) OR (tw:(niyama)) OR (tw:(asana$)) OR (tw:(pranayama)) OR (tw:(pratyahara)) OR (tw:(dharana)) OR (tw:(dhyana)) OR (tw:(samadhi)) OR (tw:(bandha)) OR (tw:(mudra))

12. 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 11

13. 7 and 12

14. (mh:(Randomized Controlled Trials))

15. (mh:(random allocation))

16. (mh:(Controlled Clinical Trials))

17. (mh:(control groups))

18. (mh:(clinical trials))

19. (mh:(double‐blind method))

20. (mh:(single‐blind method))

21. (mh:(Placebos))

22. (mh:(placebo effect))

23. (mh:(cross‐over studies))

24. (pt:(randomized controlled trial))

25. (pt:(controlled clinical trial))

26. (pt:(clinical trial))

27. (tw:(random$ ))OR (tw:(RCT)) OR (tw:(RCTs))

28. (tw:(controlled)) adj5 (tw:(trial$)) OR (tw:(stud$))

29. (tw:(clinical$)) adj5 (tw:(trial$))

30. (tw:(control)) OR (tw:(treatment)) OR (tw:(experiment$)) OR (tw:(intervention)) adj5 (tw:(group$)) OR (tw:(subject$)) OR (tw:(patient$))

31. (tw:(quasi‐random$)) OR (tw:(quasi random$)) OR (tw:(pseudo‐random$)) OR (tw:(pseudo random$))

32. (tw:(control)) OR (tw:(experiment$)) OR (tw:(conservative)) adj5 (tw:(treatment)) OR (tw:(therapy)) OR (tw:(procedure)) OR (tw:(manage$))

33. (tw:(singl$)) OR (tw:(doubl$)) OR (tw:(tripl$)) OR (tw:(trebl$)) adj5 (tw:(blind$)) OR (tw:(mask$))

34. (tw:(cross‐over)) OR (tw:(crossover))

35. (tw:(placebo$)) OR (tw:(sham))

36. (ti:(trial))

37. (tw:(assign$)) OR (tw:(allocat$))

38. (tw:(controls))

39. OR/14‐38

40. 13 and 39

41. (mh:(animals)) NOT (mh:(humans))

42. 40 not 41

Appendix 8. SciELO search strategy

1. transtornos cerebrovasculares/ OR exp doença cerebrovascular dos gânglios da base/ OR exp isquemia encefálica/ OR exp doenças das artérias carótidas/ OR traumatismo cerebrovascular/ OR exp doenças arteriais intracranianas/ OR exp “embolia intracraniana e trombólise”/ OR exp hemorragias intracranianas/ OR acidente vascular cerebral/ OR exp infarto encefálico/

2. (acidente$ vascular$ cerebra$ OR pós‐acidente$ vascular$ cerebra$ OR pós acidente$ vascular$ cerebra$ OR AVC$).tw.

3. ((cerebrovascular OR cerebral vascular) adj3 (acidente?)).tw.

4. ((c?rebr$ OR enc?f?lic$ OR vertebrobasilar) adj5 (infart$ OR isquemi$ OR trombo$ OR apoplexia$ OR emboli$)).tw.

5. ((c?rebr$ OR subaracn?id$) adj5 (hemorr?g$ OR hematoma$ OR sangramento)).tw.

6. ((trauma$ OR adquirido$) adj5 les$ cerebr$).tw.

7. lesões cerebrais/ OR exp concussão encefálica / OR exp hemorragia cerebral, traumática/ OR lesão cerebral, crônica/

8. Dano Cerebral, Crônico/

9. trauma craniocerebral/ OR trauma cranioencefálico/OR exp hemorragia intracraniana, traumática/

10. exp encefalite/ OR exp meningite, viral/

11. (encefalite OR meningite).tw.

12. abscesso cerebral/ OR exp infecções do sistema nervosa central/

13. (abscesso cerebral OR infecç$ cerebr$ OR infecç$ encefálic$).tw.

14. OR/1‐13

15. ioga/ or exp “yoga”/

16. “asana”/ or exp “ásana”/

17. “pranayama”

18. dhyana or exp “dyana”/

19. dharma

20. meditação

21. relaxamento

22. “controle da respiração”

23. “posturas”

24. OR/15‐23

25. 14 AND 24

Appendix 9. IndMED search strategy

Stroke AND yoga

Stroke AND mind body therapy

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Appendix 10. OTseeker search strategy

Stroke AND yoga

Stroke AND mind body therapy

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

cerebrovascular disorder AND yoga

cerebrovascular disorder AND mind body therapy

cerebrovascular disorder AND breathing exercises

cerebrovascular disorder AND relaxation

cerebrovascular disorder AND meditation

hemiplegia AND yoga

hemiplegia AND mind body therapy

hemiplegia AND breathing exercises

hemiplegia AND relaxation

hemiplegia AND meditation

Appendix 11. PEDro search strategy

Stroke AND yoga

Stroke AND mind body therapy

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Appendix 12. US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov

Stroke AND mind‐body

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Stroke AND yoga

Appendix 13. Stroke Trials Registry

Stroke AND mind‐body

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Stroke AND yoga

Appendix 14. ISRCTN registry

Stroke AND mind‐body

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Stroke AND yoga

Appendix 15. World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform

Stroke AND mind‐body

Stroke AND breathing exercises

Stroke AND relaxation

Stroke AND meditation

Stroke AND yoga