Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Study flow diagram
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Network plot of the pleurodesis efficacy network. The nodes are weighted according to the number of participants randomised to the intervention. The edges (line thicknesses) are weighted according to the number of studies included in each comparison.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Network plot of the pleurodesis efficacy network. The nodes are weighted according to the number of participants randomised to the intervention. The edges (line thicknesses) are weighted according to the number of studies included in each comparison.

Estimated (95% Cr‐I) ranks for each of the pleurodesis methods from the main network
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Estimated (95% Cr‐I) ranks for each of the pleurodesis methods from the main network

Inconsistency plot for the main network. Treatment codes: 01 = Talc slurry; 02 = Talc poudrage; 03 = Bleomycin; 04 = Tetracycline; 05 = C. parvum; 06 = Interferon; 07 = Iodine; 08 = Indwelling pleural catheter; 09 = Placebo; 10 = Mustine; 11 = Mitoxantrone; 12 = Mepacrine; 13 = Doxycyline; 14 = Triethylenethiophosphoramide; 15 = Adriamycin. Abbreviations: ROR = Ratio of Odds Ratios; 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval. Heterogeneity variance was set at 0.8847 (reflecting the estimation of Tau from the network)
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Inconsistency plot for the main network. Treatment codes: 01 = Talc slurry; 02 = Talc poudrage; 03 = Bleomycin; 04 = Tetracycline; 05 = C. parvum; 06 = Interferon; 07 = Iodine; 08 = Indwelling pleural catheter; 09 = Placebo; 10 = Mustine; 11 = Mitoxantrone; 12 = Mepacrine; 13 = Doxycyline; 14 = Triethylenethiophosphoramide; 15 = Adriamycin. Abbreviations: ROR = Ratio of Odds Ratios; 95% CI = 95% Confidence interval. Heterogeneity variance was set at 0.8847 (reflecting the estimation of Tau from the network)

Estimated rank (95% Cr‐I) for causing fever (a low rank suggests less fever)
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 7

Estimated rank (95% Cr‐I) for causing fever (a low rank suggests less fever)

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 3 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 3 Mortality.

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 4 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Bleomycin, Outcome 4 Fever.

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 3 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 3 Pain.

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 4 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Talc slurry, Outcome 4 Fever.

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 3 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 3 Pain.

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 4 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Talc poudrage, Outcome 4 Fever.

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Tetracycline, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 C. parvum, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 3 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.3

Comparison 6 Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC), Outcome 3 Pain.

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 2 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.2

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 2 Fever.

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 3 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.3

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 3 Mortality.

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 4 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 7.4

Comparison 7 Iodine, Outcome 4 Pain.

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.2

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.3

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 8.4

Comparison 8 Doxycycline, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 9 Mode of administration, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Mode of administration, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 10 Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 10.1

Comparison 10 Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 10 Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration, Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 10.2

Comparison 10 Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration, Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 11.1

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 11.2

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 11.3

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 11.4

Comparison 11 OK‐432, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 1 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 12.1

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 1 Pain.

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 2 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 12.2

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 2 Fever.

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 3 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 12.3

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 3 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 12.4

Comparison 12 Mepacrine, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 13.1

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 13.2

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 13.3

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 13.4

Comparison 13 Interferon (IFN), Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 14.1

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 14.2

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 14.3

Comparison 14 Triethylenethiophophoramide, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 15.1

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 2 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 15.2

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 2 Fever.

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 3 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 15.3

Comparison 15 Adriamycin, Outcome 3 Pain.

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 16.1

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 16.2

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 16.3

Comparison 16 Placebo, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 17.1

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 2 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 17.2

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 2 Fever.

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 3 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 17.3

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 3 Mortality.

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 4 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 17.4

Comparison 17 Mustine, Outcome 4 Pain.

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 18.1

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 18.2

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 18.3

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 18.4

Comparison 18 Mitoxantrone, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 19.1

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 19.2

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 3 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 19.3

Comparison 19 Drain size, Outcome 3 Mortality.

Comparison 20 Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 20.1

Comparison 20 Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP), Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 20 Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP), Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 20.2

Comparison 20 Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP), Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 21.1

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 21.2

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 21.3

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 21.4

Comparison 21 Other, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 22 Silver nitrate, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 22.1

Comparison 22 Silver nitrate, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 22 Silver nitrate, Outcome 2 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 22.2

Comparison 22 Silver nitrate, Outcome 2 Fever.

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 23.1

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 2 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 23.2

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 2 Pain.

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 3 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 23.3

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 3 Fever.

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 4 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 23.4

Comparison 23 Cisplatin, Outcome 4 Mortality.

Comparison 24 Duration of drainage prior to administration of sclerosant, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 24.1

Comparison 24 Duration of drainage prior to administration of sclerosant, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 25.1

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 1 Pleurodesis failure.

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 2 Mortality.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 25.2

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 2 Mortality.

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 3 Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 25.3

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 3 Pain.

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 4 Fever.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 25.4

Comparison 25 Dose of silver nitrate, Outcome 4 Fever.

Table 1. Direct meta‐analysis of pleurodesis efficacy using the random‐effects model showing the odds ratios (95% CI) of the rows compared to the columns

Treatment

Talc slurry

Talc poudrage

Bleomycin

Tetracycline

C. parvum

Placebo

Mustine

Mitoxantrone

Mepacrine

Talc

poudrage

0.76 (0.54, 1.09);

n = 3; Tau2 = 0; I2 = 0%

NA

Bleomycin

1.22 (0.55, 2.70);

n = 5*;

Tau2 = 0.1; I2 = 12%

9.70 (2.10, 44.78);

n = 2; Tau2 = 0; I2= 0%

NA

Tetracycline

0.78 (0.19, 3.13);

n = 1*

12.10 (1.32, 111.30);

n = 1

2.00 (1.07, 3.75);

n = 5*; Tau2 = 0; I2 = 0%

NA

C. parvum

NA

NA

0.55 (0.01, 57.48);

n = 2; Tau2 = 11; I2 = 94%

0.31 (0.05, 1.94);

n = 1

NA

Interferon

NA

NA

3.25 (1.54, 6.89);

n = 1

NA

NA

Iodine

0.47 (0.04, 5.71); n = 1

1.76 (0.26, 11.83); n = 1

1.25 (0.28, 5.59);

n = 1

NA

NA

Indwelling pleural catheter

3.35 (1.64, 6.83);

n = 2 Tau2 = 0; I2 = 0%

NA

NA

NA

NA

Placebo

13.93 (0.66, 293.99);

n = 1

NA

NA

3.33 (0.51, 21.58);

n = 1

NA

NA

Mustine

NA

8.00 (1.40, 45.76);

n = 1

NA

2.72 (0.74, 9.98)

n = 2*; Tau2= 0;

I2= 0%

3.00 (0.40, 22.71);

n = 1

NA

NA

Mitoxantrone

NA

NA

3.18 (1.17, 8.65);

n = 1

NA

NA

0.75 (0.32, 1.79); n = 1

NA

NA

Mepacrine

2.08 (0.62, 6.96); n = 1

NA

0.16 (0.03, 0.89);

n = 1

0.63 (0.05, 8.20);

n = 1

NA

0.15 (0.03, 0.64); n = 1*

NA

7.61 (0.35, 163.82); n = 1

NA

Doxycycline

NA

42.69 (2.13, 856.61);

n = 1

0.67 (0.24, 1.86);

n = 2;

Tau2= 0;

I2= 0%

NA

1.91 (0.43, 8.48);

n = 1

NA

NA

NA

NA

Triethylenethiophosphoramide

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

2.06 (0.43, 9.80); n = 1*

NA

NA

4.95 (1.02, 24.10);

n = 1*

Adriamycin

NA

NA

NA

1.11 (0.06, 20.49);

n = 1*

NA

NA

0.37 (0.01, 10.18); n = 1*

NA

NA

n = the number of studies included in the pair‐wise comparison. * Indicates that the comparison included a three‐arm study. NA = no direct pair‐wise comparison available. Results that are statistically significant at the conventional level of P < 0.05 are shaded in grey. ‐ indicates the odds ratio is already expressed elsewhere in the table comparing the interventions the other way around.

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Direct meta‐analysis of pleurodesis efficacy using the random‐effects model showing the odds ratios (95% CI) of the rows compared to the columns
Table 2. Results of network meta‐analysis for pleurodesis efficacy showing the odds ratios (95% Cr‐I) of the agents in the rows compared to the agents in the columns

Talc slurry

Talc poudrage

Bleomycin

Tetracycline

C. parvum

Interferon

Iodine

Indwelling pleural catheter

Placebo

Mustine

Mitoxantrone

Mepacrine

Doxycyline

Triethylenethiophosphoramide

viscum

Talc poudrage

0.42 (0.13, 1.19)

NA

Bleomycin

2.56 (1.05, 6.67)

6.03 (2.19, 20.46)

NA

Tetracycline

3.71 (1.22, 11.67)

8.77 (2.74, 33.01)

1.45 (0.59, 3.46)

NA

C. parvum

1.48 (0.34, 6.57)

3.49 (0.79, 17.64)

0.58 (0.16, 1.95)

0.40 (0.10, 1.52)

NA

Interferon

8.49 (0.94, 82.98)

19.96 (2.22, 229.60)

3.33 (0.43, 25.66)

2.29 (0.26, 21.65)

5.75 (0.55, 64.16)

NA

Iodine

1.25 (0.22, 6.77)

2.97 (0.55, 17.21)

0.49 (0.09, 2.49)

0.34 (0.05, 2.04)

0.85 (0.11, 6.35)

0.15 (0.01, 1.90)

NA

Indwelling pleural catheter

3.47 (0.75, 16.46)

8.19 (1.32, 59.02)

1.36 (0.22, 8.01)

0.94 (0.14, 6.27)

2.36 (0.28, 19.88)

0.41 (0.03, 5.96)

2.76 (0.29, 28.48)

NA

Placebo

19.50 (3.73, 128.50)

46.51 (7.86, 375.90)

7.64 (1.55, 44.22)

5.29 (1.04, 31.95)

13.28 (1.91, 110.80)

2.29 (0.18, 34.14)

15.63 (1.72, 179.10)

5.61 (0.59, 65.18)

NA

Mustine

7.50 (1.35, 43.86)

17.75 (3.59, 105.70)

2.94 (0.58, 14.84)

2.02 (0.43, 9.79)

5.07 (0.91, 29.81)

0.88 (0.06, 11.71)

5.98 (0.68, 58.17)

2.16 (0.22, 22.76)

0.38 (0.04, 3.32)

NA

Mitoxantrone

12.87 (2.36, 89.02)

30.53 (5.11, 259.50)

5.04 (1.04, 28.67)

3.48 (0.64, 22.72)

8.76 (1.24, 73.66)

1.51 (0.12, 22.89)

10.28 (1.12, 119.70)

3.71 (0.38, 44.85)

0.66 (0.13, 3.52)

1.73 (0.19, 17.80

NA

Mepacrine

0.98 (0.22, 4.15)

2.32 (0.45, 12.99)

0.38 (0.09, 1.52)

0.27 (0.05, 1.17)

0.67 (0.10, 4.06)

0.12 (0.01, 1.31)

0.78 (0.09, 6.55)

0.28 (0.03, 2.32)

0.05 (0.01, 0.28)

0.13 (0.02, 0.99)

0.08 (0.01, 0.47)

NA

Doxycycline

3.49 (0.68, 19.56)

8.23 (1.70, 50.18)

1.37 (0.31, 6.09)

0.94 (0.18, 5.09)

2.36 (0.46, 13.09)

0.41 (0.03, 5.14)

2.78 (0.33, 26.50)

1.00 (0.11, 10.23)

0.18 (0.02, 1.53)

0.47 (0.06, 3.77)

0.27 (0.03, 2.31)

3.56 (0.50, 28.59)

NA

Triethylenethiophosphoramide

5.53 (0.40, 80.97)

13.07 (0.89, 227.30)

2.16 (0.16, 29.77)

1.50 (0.10, 21.61)

3.74 (0.21, 66.99)

0.65 (0.02, 17.63)

4.40 (0.22, 98.58)

1.59 (0.08, 35.28)

0.28 (0.02, 3.62)

0.74 (0.04, 15.00)

0.43 (0.02, 6.80)

5.60 (0.55, 63.81)

1.59 (0.08, 31.05)

NA

Adriamycin

2.31 (0.03, 165.40)

5.53 (0.08, 403.50)

0.90 (0.01, 59.43)

0.62 (0.01, 38.58)

1.57 (0.02, 114.20)

0.27 (0.00, 27.43)

1.85 (0.02, 162.70)

0.67 (0.01, 62.01)

0.12 (0.00, 9.46)

0.31 (0.00, 20.50)

0.18 (0.00, 14.59)

2.36 (0.03, 191.30)

0.66 (0.01, 52.71)

0.42 (0.00, 54.35)

NA

Viscum

0.39 (0.01, 8.23)

0.92 (0.03, 21.77)

0.15 (0.01, 2.73)

0.10 (0.00, 2.17)

0.26 (0.01, 6.21)

0.04 (0.00, 1.55)

0.31 (0.01, 9.07)

0.11 (0.00, 3.44)

0.02 (0.00, 0.53)

0.05 (0.00, 1.41)

0.03 (0.00, 0.79)

0.39 (0.01, 10.28)

0.11 (0.00, 2.83)

0.07 (0.00, 3.48)

0.16 (0.00, 26.60)

Results that are statistically significant at the conventional level of P < 0.05 are shaded in grey. ‐ indicates the odds ratio is already expressed elsewhere in the table comparing the interventions the other way around. NA= not applicable.

Figuras y tablas -
Table 2. Results of network meta‐analysis for pleurodesis efficacy showing the odds ratios (95% Cr‐I) of the agents in the rows compared to the agents in the columns
Table 3. Results for pleurodesis efficacy of the studies evaluating pleurodesis methods, which were not included in the network meta‐analysis

Study

Reason study excluded from network

Intrapleural agent or intervention 1

Pleurodesis failure rate for agent 1

Intrapleural agent or intervention 2

Pleurodesis failure rate for agent 2

OR (95% CI) of agent 1 compared with agent 2***

Du 2013

Lung cancer specific therapy

Cisplatin and bevacizumab

6/36

Cisplatin

17/34

0.20 (0.07, 0.60)

Emad 1996*

No pleurodesis failures in the Combined group

Tetracycline**

3/19

Combined tetracycline and bleomycin

0/19

8.27 (0.40, 172.05)

Bleomycin**

2/19

Combined tetracycline and bleomycin

0/19

5.57 (0.25, 124.19)

Ishida 2006*

Lung cancer specific therapy

OK‐432

8/17

Cisplatin

11/17

0.48 (0.12, 1.92)

OK‐432

8/17

OK‐432 and cisplatin

1/15

12.44 (1.32, 117.03)

Cisplatin

11/17

OK‐432 and cisplatin

1/15

25.67 (2.68, 245.84)

Kasahara 2006

Lung cancer specific therapy

High dose OK‐432

5/19

Low dose OK‐432

3/19

1.90 (0.38, 9.44)

Luh 1992

Lung cancer specific therapy

OK‐432

3/26

Mitomycin C

9/27

0.26 (0.06, 1.11)

Maskell 2004

Two Talc slurry preparations

Mixed particle talc

3/14

Graded talc (particles >20µm)

2/14

1.64 (0.23, 11.70))

Masuno 1991

Lung cancer specific therapy

LC9018 and Adriamycin

10/38

Adriamycin

23/38

0.23 (0.09, 0.62)

Paschoalini 2005

No pleurodesis failures in Silver Nitrate group

Talc slurry

1/9

Silver nitrate

0/16

5.85 (0.21, 158.82)

Rintoul 2014

MPM specific surgical technique

Talc pleurodesis (slurry or poudrage)

25/62

VATS pleurectomy

24/60

0.88 (0.43, 1.82)

Terra 2015*

Comparison of different doses of Silver Nitrate

90 mg silver nitrate

0/20

150 mg silver nitrate

0/20

not estimable

90 mg silver nitrate

0/20

180 mg silver nitrate

2/20

0.18 (0.01, 4.01)

150 mg silver nitrate

0/20

180 mg silver nitrate

2/20

0.19 (0.01, 4.01)

Yoshida 2007*

Lung cancer specific therapy

OK‐432

8/33

Bleomycin

11/35

0.70 (0.24, 2.03)

OK‐432

8/33

Cisplatin and etoposide

10/34

0.77 (0.26, 2.27)

Bleomycin

11/35

Cisplatin and etoposide

10/34

1.10 (0.39, 3.07)

Zhao 2009

Lung cancer specific therapy

rAd‐p53 and cisplatin

3/17

Cisplatin

9/18

0.21 (0.05, 1.01)

*Three‐arm study. **The results for the pair‐wise comparison between tetracycline and bleomycin are included in the network meta‐analysis.

***Results that are statistically significant at the conventional level of P < 0.05 are shaded in grey

Figuras y tablas -
Table 3. Results for pleurodesis efficacy of the studies evaluating pleurodesis methods, which were not included in the network meta‐analysis
Table 4. Results for pleurodesis efficacy of the studies evaluating interventions to optimise pleurodesis, which were not included in the network meta‐analysis

Type of method to optimise pleurodesis

Study

Intervention 1

Pleurodesis failure rate for intervention 1

Intervention 2

Pleurodesis failure rate for intervention 2

OR (95% CI) of intervention 1 compared with intervention 2*

Mode of administration

Evans 1993

Tetracycline pleurodesis at the end of thoracoscopy

2/15

Tetracycline pleurodesis through an intercostal cannula

5/14

0.28 (0.04, 1.76)

Chest tube size

Clementsen 1998

Small‐bore chest drain

2/9

Large‐bore chest drain

3/9

0.57 (0.07, 4.64)

Patient rotation

Mager 2002

Rotation after instillation of talc

2/10

No rotation after instillation of talc

1/10

2.25 (0.17, 29.77)

Duration of drainage after administration of the sclerosant

Goodman 2006

Drain removed 24 hours after pleurodesis

2/16

Drain removed 72 hours after pleurodesis

4/19

0.54 (0.08, 3.40)

Villanueva 1994

Drain removal the day after pleurodesis

2/9

Drain removal when < 150 ml/day output

3/15

1.14 (0.15, 8.59)

Yildirim 2005

Fractionated dose oxytetracycline (4 divided doses at 6‐hourly intervals)

0/12

Single bedside instillation of oxytetracycline

2/8

0.10 (0.00, 2.50)

Duration of drainage prior to administration of the sclerosant

Ozkul 2014

Early instillation of talc slurry after drain insertion

5/40

Instillation of talc slurry when daily drainage from chest tube < 300 ml/day

6/39

0.79 (0.22, 2.82)

Intrapleural fibrinolytics

Okur 2011

Intrapleural streptokinase

14/19

No intrapleural streptokinase

9/16

2.18 (0.53, 9.02)

Pleural abrasion at thoracoscopy

Crnjac 2004

Talc slurry

11/42

Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis

6/45

2.31 (0.77, 6.93)

* Results that are statistically significant at the conventional level of P < 0.05 are shaded in grey

Figuras y tablas -
Table 4. Results for pleurodesis efficacy of the studies evaluating interventions to optimise pleurodesis, which were not included in the network meta‐analysis
Table 5. Results of network meta‐analysis for causing fever showing the odds ratios (95% CI) of the agents in the rows compared to the agents in the columns

Talc slurry

Talc poudrage

Bleomycin

Tetracycline

C. parvum

Iodine

Mepacrine

Placebo

Mitoxantrone

Doxycycline

Talc poudrage

0.66 (0.09, 3.98)

NA

Bleomycin

1.26 (0.24, 6.82)

1.93 (0.22, 19.42)

NA

Tetracycline

0.29 (0.04, 2.09)

0.45 (0.04, 5.74)

0.23 (0.06, 0.88)

NA

C. parvum

6.31 (0.61, 70.69)

9.71 (0.65, 176.70)

5.01 (0.92, 29.12)

21.46 (3.10, 175.70)

NA

Iodine

0.27 (0.02, 3.69)

0.42 (0.03, 6.09)

0.21 (0.01, 4.25)

0.93 (0.03, 23.41)

0.04 (0.00, 1.29)

NA

Mepacrine

4.52 (0.30, 76.00)

6.95 (0.34, 182.20)

3.58 (0.40, 36.59)

15.41 (1.62, 178.80)

0.71 (0.05, 11.99)

16.72 (0.43, 831.10)

NA

Placebo

0.06 (0.00, 2.00)

0.10 (0.00, 4.27)

0.05 (0.00, 1.08)

0.22 (0.00, 5.71)

0.01 (0.00, 0.32)

0.23 (0.00, 17.55)

0.01 (0.00, 0.30)

NA

Mitoxantrone

0.48 (0.02, 10.24)

0.73 (0.02, 22.95)

0.38 (0.02, 5.02)

1.64 (0.07, 29.71)

0.08 (0.00, 1.60)

1.75 (0.03, 99.74)

0.11 (0.00, 2.16)

7.57 (0.59, 138.80)

NA

Doxycycline

0.49 (0.03, 6.13)

0.75 (0.04, 14.68)

0.39 (0.05, 2.66)

1.67 (0.14, 17.22)

0.08 (0.01, 0.63)

1.81 (0.05, 69.03)

0.11 (0.00, 1.93)

7.69 (0.19, 539.10)

1.02 (0.04, 33.23)

NA

Triethylenephosphoramide

0.24 (0.00, 17.04)

0.37 (0.00, 35.93)

0.19 (0.00, 9.80)

0.81 (0.02, 47.08)

0.04 (0.00, 2.63)

0.88 (0.01, 139.50)

0.05 (0.00, 1.49)

3.62 (0.07, 529.40)

0.49 (0.01, 49.44

0.49 (0.01, 45.90)

Results that are statistically significant at the conventional level of P < 0.05 are shaded in grey. ‐ indicates the odds ratio is already expressed elsewhere in the table comparing the interventions the other way around. NA= not applicable

Figuras y tablas -
Table 5. Results of network meta‐analysis for causing fever showing the odds ratios (95% CI) of the agents in the rows compared to the agents in the columns
Comparison 1. Bleomycin

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Bleomycin vs iodine

1

39

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.8 [0.18, 3.57]

1.2 Bleomycin vs talc slurry

5

199

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.22 [0.55, 2.70]

1.3 Bleomycin vs tetracycline

5

220

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.50 [0.27, 0.93]

1.4 Bleomycin vs talc poudrage

2

57

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

9.70 [2.10, 44.78]

1.5 Bleomycin vs C. parvum

2

78

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.81 [0.02, 189.25]

1.6 Bleomycin vs doxycycline

2

122

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.50 [0.54, 4.20]

1.7 Bleomycin vs IFN

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.15, 0.65]

1.8 Bleomycin vs mitoxantrone

1

85

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.12, 0.86]

1.9 Bleomycin vs mepacrine

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

6.40 [1.12, 36.44]

1.10 Bleomycin vs combined tetracycline and bleomycin

1

38

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.57 [0.25, 124.19]

1.11 Bleomycin vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

69

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.1 [0.39, 3.07]

1.12 Bleomycin vs OK‐432

1

68

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.49, 4.17]

1.13 Bleomycin vs viscum

1

17

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.33 [0.62, 45.99]

2 Pain Show forest plot

14

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Bleomycin vs talc slurry

2

73

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.66 [0.41, 6.80]

2.2 Bleomycin vs tetracycline

4

220

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.61 [0.29, 1.27]

2.3 Bleomycin vs talc poudrage

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.28 [0.01, 7.31]

2.4 Bleomycin vs C. parvum

2

71

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.27, 1.85]

2.5 Bleomycin vs IFN

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

32.34 [1.89, 552.23]

2.6 Bleomycin vs mitoxantrone

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.15, 1.56]

2.7 Bleomycin vs mepacrine

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.46 [0.11, 1.94]

2.8 Bleomycin vs doxycycline

2

148

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.26, 2.70]

2.9 Bleomycin vs OK‐432

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.40 [0.14, 1.12]

2.10 Bleomycin vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

69

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.32, 2.16]

3 Mortality Show forest plot

11

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Bleomycin vs combined tetracycline and bleomycin

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.06, 17.18]

3.2 Bleomycin vs talc slurry

2

116

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.29, 2.75]

3.3 Bleomycin vs tetracycline

2

125

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.63 [0.27, 1.44]

3.4 Bleomycin vs talc poudrage

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.20, 3.43]

3.5 Bleomycin vs C. parvum

1

55

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.19, 1.94]

3.6 Bleomycin vs IFN

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.46 [0.25, 0.87]

3.7 Bleomycin vs mitoxantrone

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.15 [0.95, 4.86]

3.8 Bleomycin vs OK‐432

1

68

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.66 [0.98, 7.23]

3.9 Bleomycin vs doxycycline

2

122

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.44 [0.53, 3.90]

3.10 Bleomycin vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

69

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.22 [0.82, 6.01]

4 Fever Show forest plot

16

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Bleomycin vs talc Slurry

3

99

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.31, 2.56]

4.2 Bleomycin vs talc poudrage

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.11, 7.05]

4.3 Bleomycin vs tetracycline

5

250

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.05 [0.67, 6.34]

4.4 Tetracycline vs C. parvum

2

80

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.43 [0.17, 1.12]

4.5 Bleomycin vs IFN

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

151.35 [9.08, 2522.62]

4.6 Bleomycin vs mitoxantrone

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.11 [0.37, 3.36]

4.7 Bleomycin vs mepacrine

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.52 [0.14, 1.92]

4.8 Bleomycin vs doxycycline

2

148

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.69 [0.08, 89.51]

4.9 Bleomycin vs combined tetracycline and bleomycin

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.04, 5.69]

4.10 Bleomycin vs OK432

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.7 [0.23, 2.13]

4.11 Bleomycin vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

69

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.22 [0.82, 6.01]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Bleomycin
Comparison 2. Talc slurry

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

15

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Talc slurry vs talc poudrage

3

599

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.31 [0.92, 1.85]

1.2 Talc slurry vs bleomycin

5

199

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.37, 1.82]

1.3 Talc slurry vs IPC

2

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.30 [0.15, 0.61]

1.4 Talc slurry vs mepacrine

1

89

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.14, 1.60]

1.5 Talc slurry vs placebo

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.00, 1.51]

1.6 Talc slurry vs iodine

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.13 [0.18, 25.78]

1.7 Talc slurry vs tetracycline

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.29 [0.32, 5.17]

1.8 Talc slurry vs silver nitrate

1

25

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.82 [0.21, 158.82]

1.9 Talc slurry vs TMP

1

87

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.31 [0.77, 6.93]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

9

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Talc slurry vs talc poudrage

2

397

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.33, 2.85]

2.2 Talc slurry vs bleomycin

2

116

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.36, 3.46]

2.3 Talc slurry vs iodine

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Talc slurry vs IPC

2

163

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.45, 2.10]

2.5 Talc slurry vs mepacrine

1

89

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.88 [0.70, 5.02]

2.6 Talc slurry vs TMP

1

87

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

10.64 [0.55, 203.85]

3 Pain Show forest plot

7

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Talc slurry vs bleomycin

3

99

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.15, 2.46]

3.2 Talc slurry vs talc poudrage

1

482

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.13 [1.04, 4.36]

3.3 Talc slurry vs tetracycline

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.30 [0.07, 1.36]

3.4 Talc slurry vs iodine

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.5 Talc slurry vs IPC

1

57

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.01, 7.95]

3.6 Talc slurry vs placebo

1

31

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Fever Show forest plot

7

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Talc slurry vs talc poudrage

2

479

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.65 [0.42, 6.48]

4.2 Talc slurry vs bleomycin

3

98

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.36, 2.51]

4.3 Talc slurry vs tetracycline

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.09 [0.28, 4.32]

4.4 Talc slurry vs iodine

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.6 [0.23, 10.94]

4.5 Talc slurry vs silver nitrate

1

60

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.7 [0.15, 3.24]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Talc slurry
Comparison 3. Talc poudrage

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

9

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Talc poudrage vs talc slurry

3

599

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.77 [0.54, 1.09]

1.2 Talc poudrage vs bleomycin

2

57

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.02, 0.48]

1.3 Talc poudrage vs tetracycline

1

33

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.08 [0.01, 0.76]

1.4 Talc poudrage vs iodine

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.57 [0.08, 3.80]

1.5 Talc poudrage vs mustine

1

37

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.13 [0.02, 0.71]

1.6 Talc poudrage vs doxycycline

1

31

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.02 [0.00, 0.47]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

6

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Talc poudrage vs talc slurry

2

397

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.02 [0.35, 3.00]

2.2 Talc poudrage vs bleomycin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.22 [0.29, 5.13]

2.3 Talc poudrage vs tetracycline

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.25 [0.91, 30.22]

2.4 Talc poudrage vs iodine

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.64 [0.58, 12.09]

2.5 Talc poudrage vs mustine

1

46

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.43 [0.09, 1.96]

3 Pain Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Talc poudrage vs talc slurry

1

482

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.23, 0.96]

3.2 Talc poudrage vs bleomycin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.62 [0.14, 95.78]

3.3 Talc poudrage vs iodine

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

9.97 [0.50, 198.04]

4 Fever Show forest plot

4

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Talc poudrage vs talc slurry

2

479

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.60 [0.15, 2.37]

4.2 Talc poudrage vs bleomycin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.15 [0.14, 9.38]

4.3 Talc poudrage vs iodine

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.22 [0.43, 41.45]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Talc poudrage
Comparison 4. Tetracycline

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

11

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Tetracycline vs C. parvum

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.18 [0.52, 19.64]

1.2 Tetracycline vs talc slurry

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.78 [0.19, 3.13]

1.3 Tetracycline vs Adriamycin

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.9 [0.05, 16.59]

1.4 Tetracyclines vs placebo

1

20

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.30 [0.05, 1.94]

1.5 Tetracycline vs talc poudrage

1

33

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

12.10 [1.32, 111.30]

1.6 Tetracycline vs mustine

2

59

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.37 [0.10, 1.35]

1.7 Tetracycline vs combined tetracycline and bleomycin

1

38

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

8.27 [0.40, 172.05]

1.8 Tetracycline vs bleomycin

5

220

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.00 [1.07, 3.75]

1.9 Tetracycline vs mepacrine

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.6 [0.12, 20.99]

2 Pain Show forest plot

8

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Tetracycline vs talc slurry

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.28 [0.73, 14.68]

2.2 Tetracycline vs bleomycin

4

220

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.65 [0.79, 3.43]

2.3 Tetracycline vs C. parvum

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.41 [0.12, 1.45]

2.4 Tetracycline vs mustine

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

33.87 [1.80, 636.88]

2.5 Tetracycline vs mepacrine

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.03, 1.23]

2.6 Tetracycline vs placebo

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Fever Show forest plot

9

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Tetracycline vs talc slurry

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.23, 3.63]

3.2 Tetracycline vs bleomycin

5

250

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.49 [0.16, 1.50]

3.3 Tetracycline vs C. parvum

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.00 [0.00, 0.06]

3.4 Tetracycline vs mepacrine

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [0.02, 0.89]

3.5 Tetracycline vs combination tetracycline and bleomycin

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.04, 5.69]

3.6 Tetracycline vs placebo

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3.7 Tetracycline vs mustine

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

4

202

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.99 [0.30, 3.26]

4.1 Tetracycline vs talc poudrage

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.19 [0.03, 1.10]

4.2 Tetracycline vs bleomycin

2

125

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.60 [0.69, 3.69]

4.3 Tetracycline vs C. parvum

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.0 [0.28, 31.99]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Tetracycline
Comparison 5. C. parvum

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

5

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 C. parvum vs bleomycin

2

78

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.55 [0.01, 57.48]

1.2 C. parvum vs tetracycline

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.05, 1.94]

1.3 C. parvum vs doxycycline

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.52 [0.12, 2.33]

1.4 C. parvum vs mustine

1

18

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.04, 2.52]

2 Pain Show forest plot

4

153

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.51 [1.10, 5.75]

2.1 C. parvum vs bleomycin

2

71

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.42 [0.54, 3.75]

2.2 C . parvum vs tetracycline

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.44 [0.69, 8.66]

2.3 C. parvum vs doxycycline

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.37 [1.84, 29.55]

3 Fever Show forest plot

5

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 C. parvum vs bleomycin

2

80

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.30 [0.90, 5.92]

3.2 C. parvum vs tetracycline

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

288.00 [16.62, 4991.05]

3.3 C. parvum vs mustine

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.41 [0.16, 121.68]

3.4 C. parvum vs doxycycline

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.37 [1.84, 29.55]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 C. parvum vs bleomycin

1

55

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.66 [0.51, 5.38]

4.2 C. parvum vs tetracycline

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.03, 3.55]

4.3 C. parvum vs mustine

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.42 [0.07, 2.66]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. C. parvum
Comparison 6. Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 IPC vs talc slurry

2

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.35 [1.64, 6.83]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

2

163

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.03 [0.48, 2.23]

3 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 6. Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC)
Comparison 7. Iodine

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Iodine vs talc poudrage

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.76 [0.26, 11.83]

1.2 Iodine vs talc slurry

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.04, 5.71]

1.3 Iodine vs bleomycin

1

39

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.25 [0.28, 5.59]

2 Fever Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Iodine vs talc slurry

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.63 [0.09, 4.28]

2.2 Iodine vs talc poudrage

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.02, 2.33]

3 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Iodine vs talc poudrage

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.08, 1.73]

4 Pain Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Iodine vs talc slurry

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4.2 Iodine vs talc poudrage

1

42

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 1.99]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 7. Iodine
Comparison 8. Doxycycline

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Doxycycline vs talc poudrage

1

31

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

42.69 [2.13, 856.61]

1.2 Doxycycline vs bleomycin

2

122

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.66 [0.24, 1.83]

1.3 Doxycycline vs C. parvum

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.91 [0.43, 8.48]

2 Pain Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Doxycycline vs bleomycin

2

148

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.19 [0.37, 3.80]

2.2 Doxycycline vs C. parvum

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 0.96]

3 Fever Show forest plot

3

189

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.28 [0.04, 2.16]

3.1 Doxycycline vs bleomycin

2

148

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.37 [0.01, 12.35]

3.2 Doxycycline vs C. parvum

1

41

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.03, 0.54]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Doxycycline vs bleomycin

1

80

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.26, 1.87]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 8. Doxycycline
Comparison 9. Mode of administration

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

628

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.52, 1.04]

1.1 Talc

3

599

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.54, 1.09]

1.2 Tetracycline

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.28 [0.04, 1.76]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 9. Mode of administration
Comparison 10. Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2 Mortality Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 10. Duration of drainage after pleurodesis administration
Comparison 11. OK‐432

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 OK‐432 and mitomycin C

1

53

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.26 [0.06, 1.11]

1.2 OK‐432 vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.77 [0.26, 2.27]

1.3 OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.12, 1.92]

1.4 High dose vs low dose

1

38

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.90 [0.38, 9.44]

1.5 OK‐432 vs bleomycin

1

68

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.24, 2.03]

1.6 OK‐432 vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

12.44 [1.32, 117.03]

2 Pain Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 OK‐432 vs cisplatin

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

6.67 [1.15, 38.60]

2.2 OK‐432 vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.33, 5.43]

2.3 OK‐432 vs mitomycin C

1

53

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.04 [0.14, 8.00]

2.4 OK‐432 vs bleomycin

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.53 [0.89, 7.15]

2.5 OK‐432 vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

66

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.1 [0.73, 6.01]

3 Fever Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 OK‐432 vs cisplatin

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

256.00 [14.70, 4457.27]

3.2 OK‐432 vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

14.00 [1.46, 134.25]

3.3 OK‐432 vs mitomycin C

1

53

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

26.67 [5.91, 120.42]

3.4 OK‐432 vs bleomycin

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.47, 4.35]

3.5 OK‐432 vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

66

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.17 [1.08, 9.30]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 OK‐432 vs cisplatin

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.31 [0.31, 5.53]

4.2 OK‐432 vs combined OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.18 [0.44, 10.91]

4.3 OK‐432 vs bleomycin

1

68

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.14, 1.03]

4.4 OK‐432 vs cisplatin and etoposide

1

67

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.32, 2.18]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 11. OK‐432
Comparison 12. Mepacrine

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pain Show forest plot

3

114

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.56 [1.66, 12.52]

1.1 Mepacrine vs bleomycin

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.15 [0.52, 9.00]

1.2 Mepacrine vs tetracycline

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.6 [0.81, 38.51]

1.3 Mepacrine vs placebo

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

14.53 [0.71, 298.21]

1.4 Mepacrine vs triethylenethiophosphoramide

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

23.71 [1.19, 474.06]

2 Fever Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Mepacrine vs bleomycin

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.91 [0.52, 7.01]

2.2 Mepacrine vs tetracycline

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

8.00 [1.13, 56.79]

2.3 Mepacrine vs placebo

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

62.43 [2.85, 1365.52]

2.4 Mepacrine vs triethylene...

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

23.83 [3.35, 169.39]

3 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

5

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Mepacrine vs talc slurry

1

89

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.08 [0.62, 6.96]

3.2 Mepacrine vs bleomycin

1

36

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.16 [0.03, 0.89]

3.3 Mepacrine vs tetracycline

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.63 [0.05, 8.20]

3.4 Mepacrine vs placebo

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.01, 0.73]

3.5 Mepacrine vs mitoxantrone

1

26

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.61 [0.35, 163.82]

3.6 Mepacrine vs triethylene...

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.20 [0.04, 0.98]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Mepacrine vs talc slurry

1

89

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.53 [0.20, 1.43]

4.2 Mepacrine vs mitoxantrone

1

28

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.64 [0.23, 11.70]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 12. Mepacrine
Comparison 13. Interferon (IFN)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 IFN vs bleomycin

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.25 [1.54, 6.89]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.03 [0.00, 0.53]

3 Fever Show forest plot

1

160

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.01 [0.00, 0.11]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 13. Interferon (IFN)
Comparison 14. Triethylenethiophophoramide

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Triethylene... vs placebo

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.34 [0.03, 3.69]

1.2 Triethylene... vs mepacrine

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.95 [1.02, 24.10]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

53

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.39 [0.10, 20.15]

2.1 Triethylene... vs mepacrine

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.10, 2.30]

2.2 Triethylene... vs placebo

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.43 [0.35, 156.28]

3 Fever Show forest plot

1

53

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.32 [0.00, 26.74]

3.1 Triethylene... vs placebo

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.52 [0.15, 81.92]

3.2 Triethylene... vs mepacrine

1

29

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.01, 0.30]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 14. Triethylenethiophophoramide
Comparison 15. Adriamycin

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Adriamycin vs mustine

1

20

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.37 [0.01, 10.18]

1.2 Adriamycin vs tetracycline

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.11 [0.06, 20.49]

1.3 Adriamycin vs LC9018 and Adriamycin

1

76

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.29 [1.62, 11.35]

2 Fever Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 15. Adriamycin
Comparison 16. Placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Placebo vs mepacrine

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

14.40 [1.37, 150.81]

1.2 Placebo vs mitoxantrone

1

95

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.56, 3.17]

1.3 Placebo vs triethylene...

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.91 [0.27, 31.21]

1.4 Placebo vs talc slurry

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

13.93 [0.66, 293.99]

1.5 Placebo vs tetracycline

1

20

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.33 [0.51, 21.58]

2 Pain Show forest plot

3

100

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 0.82]

2.1 Placebo vs talc slurry

1

31

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Placebo vs tetracycline

1

22

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Placebo vs mepacrine

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.07 [0.00, 1.41]

2.4 Placebo vs triethylene...

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.13 [0.01, 2.83]

3 Fever Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Placebo vs mepacrine

1

95

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.12, 0.79]

3.2 Placebo vs mitoxantone

1

23

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.02 [0.00, 0.35]

3.3 Placebo vs triethylene...

1

24

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.28 [0.01, 6.62]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 16. Placebo
Comparison 17. Mustine

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Mustine vs tetracycline

2

59

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.72 [0.74, 9.98]

1.2 Mustine vs talc poudrage

1

37

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

8.00 [1.40, 45.76]

1.3 Mustine vs C. parvum

1

31

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

10.8 [1.64, 70.93]

1.4 Mustine vs Adriamycin

1

20

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.71 [0.10, 74.98]

2 Fever Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Mustine vs tetracycline

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Mustine vs C. parvum

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.23 [0.01, 6.25]

3 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Mustine vs talc poudrage

1

46

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.35 [0.51, 10.86]

3.2 Mustine vs C. parvum

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.4 [0.38, 15.32]

4 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 17. Mustine
Comparison 18. Mitoxantrone

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Mitoxantrone vs placebo

1

95

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.75 [0.32, 1.79]

1.2 Mitoxantrone vs mepacrine

1

26

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.61 [0.35, 163.82]

1.3 Mitoxantrone vs bleomycin

1

85

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.18 [1.17, 8.65]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.08 [0.64, 6.76]

3 Fever Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Mitoxantrone vs bleomycin

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.30, 2.71]

3.2 Mitoxantrone vs placebo

1

95

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.28 [1.26, 8.49]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Mitoxantrone vs bleomycin

1

96

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.21, 1.05]

4.2 Mitoxantrone vs mepacrine

1

28

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.61 [0.09, 4.37]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 18. Mitoxantrone
Comparison 19. Drain size

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

18

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.57 [0.07, 4.64]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 19. Drain size
Comparison 20. Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

87

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.43 [0.14, 1.30]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 20. Thoracoscopic mechanical pleurodesis (TMP)
Comparison 21. Other

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

4

205

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.70, 2.30]

1.1 Rotation vs no rotation

1

20

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.25 [0.17, 29.77]

1.2 Streptokinase vs no streptokinase

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.18 [0.53, 9.02]

1.3 Mixed particle talc vs graded talc

1

28

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.64 [0.23, 11.70]

1.4 Talc pleurodesis vs VATS parietal pleurectomy

1

122

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.49, 2.09]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Streptokinase vs control

1

47

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.0 [0.12, 77.47]

3 Fever Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Mixed particle talc vs graded talc

1

46

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

15.92 [1.81, 140.16]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Mixed particle talc vs graded talc

1

43

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.25, 3.07]

4.2 Talc pleurodesis vs VATS partial pleurectomy

1

175

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.45, 1.90]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 21. Other
Comparison 22. Silver nitrate

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2 Fever Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 22. Silver nitrate
Comparison 23. Cisplatin

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Cisplatin vs cisplatin and bevacizumab

1

70

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

5.0 [1.66, 15.09]

1.2 Cisplatin vs OK‐432

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.06 [0.52, 8.17]

1.3 Cisplatin vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

25.67 [2.68, 245.84]

1.4 Cisplatin vs rAd‐p53 and cisplatin

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

4.67 [0.99, 22.03]

2 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Cisplatin vs OK‐432

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.15 [0.03, 0.87]

2.2 Cisplatin vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.2 [0.03, 1.21]

3 Fever Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Cisplatin vs OK‐432

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.00 [0.00, 0.07]

3.2 Cisplatin vs OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.05 [0.01, 0.52]

3.3 Cisplatin vs rAd‐p53 and cisplatin

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.09 [0.02, 0.51]

4 Mortality Show forest plot

2

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Cisplatin vs OK‐432

1

34

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.18, 3.23]

4.2 Cisplatin vs combination OK‐432 and cisplatin

1

32

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.32, 8.59]

4.3 Cisplatin vs combination rAd‐p53 and cisplatin

1

35

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 23. Cisplatin
Comparison 24. Duration of drainage prior to administration of sclerosant

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

79

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.79 [0.22, 2.82]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 24. Duration of drainage prior to administration of sclerosant
Comparison 25. Dose of silver nitrate

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Pleurodesis failure Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 150 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.01, 4.01]

1.3 Silver nitrate 150 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.18 [0.01, 4.01]

2 Mortality Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 150 mg

1

39

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.18 [0.30, 33.58]

2.2 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 180 mg

1

39

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

7.80 [0.38, 161.87]

2.3 Silver nitrate 150 mg vs 180 mg

1

38

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

3.16 [0.12, 82.64]

3 Pain Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 150 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.13, 7.89]

3.2 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.13, 7.89]

3.3 Silver nitrate 150 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.13, 7.89]

4 Fever Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 150 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.63 [0.09, 4.24]

4.2 Silver nitrate 90 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.13, 7.89]

4.3 Silver nitrate 150 mg vs 180 mg

1

40

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.59 [0.24, 10.70]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 25. Dose of silver nitrate