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Study flow diagram.
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Figure 1

Study flow diagram.

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Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
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Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
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Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

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Table 1. Diaries for the recovery from critical illness: summary of results from single studies

Outcomes

Study

Incidence

Number of participants

Quality of the evidence: GRADE

Risk of anxiety in patients recovering from admission to ICU

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond 1983)
Follow‐up: 3 weeks from initial assessment

Knowles 2009

Patient diary: 2 of 18 participants (11.1%) had the likely presence of clinically significant anxiety.

No patient diary: 7 of 18 participants (38.9%) had the likely presence of clinically significant anxiety.

36

⊕⊝⊝⊝

very low

1,2

Risk of depression in patients recovering from admission to ICU

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond 1983)
Follow‐up: 3 weeks from initial assessment

Knowles 2009

Patient diary: 3 of 18 participants (16.7%) had the likely presence of clinically significant depression.

No patient diary: 8 of 18 participants (44.4%) had the likely presence of clinically significant depression.

36

⊕⊝⊝⊝

very low

1,2

Risk of memory recall of ICU in patients recovering from admission to ICU

Intensive Care Unit Memory Tool (Jones 2000)
Follow‐up: 3 months from ICU admission

Jones 2010

Patient diary: 85 of 162 participants (55%) had recall of delusional ICU memories.

No patient diary: 81 of 160 participants (52%) had recall of delusional ICU memories.

322

⊕⊕⊝⊝

low

2

Post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in patients recovering from admission to ICU

Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder‐Related Symptoms Screening Tool 14 (Twigg 2008)
Follow‐up: 3 months from ICU admission

Jones 2010

Patient diary: The median post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in the patient diary group was 24 (SD 11.6)3

No patient diary: The median post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in the no patient diary group was 24 (SD 11.6) 3

322

⊕⊕⊝⊝

low

2

Post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in family members of patients recovering from admission to ICU

Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder‐Related Symptoms Screening Tool 14 (Twigg 2008)
Follow‐up: 3 months from ICU admission

Jones 2012

Patient diary: The median post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in the patient diary group was 19 (range 14 to 28) 3

No patient diary: The median post‐traumatic stress symptomatology in the no diary group was 28 (range 14 to 38) 3

30

⊕⊕⊝⊝

low

2

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

CI: Confidence interval

1 Results are from a single study at risk of bias regarding blinding of outcome assessment and participants.
2 Results are from a single study with few patients and few events and thus have wide confidence intervals around the estimate of the effect.
3 Confidence intervals not provided.

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Table 1. Diaries for the recovery from critical illness: summary of results from single studies
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