Services de télérééducation après les accidents vasculaires cérébraux
Appendices
Appendix 1. CENTRAL search strategy
#1MeSH descriptor: [Cerebrovascular Disorders] this term only
#2MeSH descriptor: [Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease] this term only
#3MeSH descriptor: [Brain Ischemia] explode all trees
#4MeSH descriptor: [Carotid Artery Diseases] explode all trees
#5MeSH descriptor: [Intracranial Arterial Diseases] explode all trees
#6MeSH descriptor: [Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis] explode all trees
#7MeSH descriptor: [Intracranial Hemorrhages] explode all trees
#8MeSH descriptor: [Stroke] explode all trees
#9MeSH descriptor: [Stroke, Lacunar] this term only
#10MeSH descriptor: [Vasospasm, Intracranial] this term only
#11MeSH descriptor: [Vertebral Artery Dissection] this term only
#12(stroke* or poststroke or apoplex* or cerebral vasc* or brain vasc* or cerebrovasc* or cva* or SAH):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#13((brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or vertebrobasil* or hemispher* or intracran* or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr* or mca* or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) near/5 (isch?emi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus* or hypoxi*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#14((brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracran* or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli* or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher* or subarachnoid) near/5 (h?emorrhag* or h?ematoma* or bleed*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#15MeSH descriptor: [Hemiplegia] this term only
#16MeSH descriptor: [Paresis] explode all trees
#17MeSH descriptor: [Gait Disorders, Neurologic] explode all trees
#18(hemipleg* or hemipar* or paresis or paraparesis or paretic):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#19{or #1‐#18}
#20MeSH descriptor: [Telemedicine] explode all trees
#21MeSH descriptor: [Telemetry] this term only
#22MeSH descriptor: [Videoconferencing] explode all trees
#23MeSH descriptor: [Telecommunications] this term only
#24MeSH descriptor: [Remote Consultation] this term only
#25MeSH descriptor: [Remote Sensing Technology] this term only
#26MeSH descriptor: [Telephone] explode all trees
#27MeSH descriptor: [Electronic Mail] this term only
#28MeSH descriptor: [Internet] explode all trees
#29MeSH descriptor: [Text Messaging] this term only
#30MeSH descriptor: [Computers] this term only
#31MeSH descriptor: [Microcomputers] explode all trees
#32MeSH descriptor: [Minicomputers] this term only
#33MeSH descriptor: [Cell Phones] explode all trees
#34(telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication* or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc* or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference* or tele‐conference* or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#35(telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#36((rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or communication or consultation) near/5 (telephone* or phone* or video* or internet* or computer* or sensor* or modem or webcam or website* or email)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#37((remote* or distance* or distant) near/5 (rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or physio* or occupational therap* or communication or consultation or care or specialist* or monitor* or virtual reality or virtual environment* or technolog*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#38((cell* or smart* or mobile or android or internet or web) near/3 (comput* or device or app* or phone)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#39(smartphone or text‐messag* or (tablet near/3 (device* or comput*))):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#40(tele near/3 (game* or game* or exergame* or virtual reality*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#41(mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#42MeSH descriptor: [Fitness Trackers] this term only
#43MeSH descriptor: [Accelerometry] explode all trees
#44((physical or physiolog* or perform* or fit* or train* or activ* or endur* or exercise) near/3 (track* or monitor* or measur* or device* or app*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#45((step* or walk*) near/3 (count* or meter* or daily)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#46(pedometer* or actigraph* or acceleromet*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#47{or #20‐#46}
#48##19 and #47
Appendix 2. MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy
1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or basal ganglia cerebrovascular disease/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery diseases/ or exp cerebral small vessel diseases/ or exp intracranial arterial diseases/ or exp "intracranial embolism and thrombosis"/ or exp intracranial hemorrhages/ or stroke/ or exp brain infarction/ or stroke, lacunar/ or vasospasm, intracranial/ or vertebral artery dissection/
2. (stroke$ or poststroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or brain vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva$ or SAH).tw.
3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebral artery or MCA$ or anterior circulation or posterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery or space‐occupying) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h? ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5. hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or exp Gait Disorders, Neurologic/
6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or paresis or paraparesis or paretic).tw.
7. or/1‐6
8. telemedicine/ or telemetry/ or exp videoconferencing/ or telecommunications/ or computer communication networks/ or remote consultation/ or remote sensing technology/ or exp telephone/ or electronic mail/ or exp internet/
9. computer/ or exp microcomputer/ or minicomputer/ or exp cell phone/ or mobile application/
10. (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication$ or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc$ or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference$ or tele‐conference$ or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health).tw.
11. (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap$).tw.
12. ((rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or communication or consultation) adj5 (telephone$ or phone$ or video$ or internet$ or computer$ or sensor$ or modem or webcam or website$ or email)).tw.
13. ((remote$ or distance$ or distant) adj5 (rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or physio$ or occupational therap$ or communication or consultation or care or specialist$ or monitor$ or virtual reality or virtual environment$ or technolog$)).tw.
14. ((cell$ or smart$ or mobile or android or internet or web) adj3 (comput$ or device or app$ or phone)).tw.
15. (smartphone or text‐messag$ or (tablet adj3 (device$ or comput$))).tw.
16. (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health).tw.
17. activity tracker/ or exp accelerometry/
18. ((physical or physiolog$ or perform$ or fit$ or train$ or activ$ or endur$ or exercise) adj3 (track$ or monitor$ or measur$ or device$ or app$)).tw.
19. ((step$ or walk$) adj3 (count$ or meter$ or daily)).tw.
20. (pedometer$ or actigraph$ or acceleromet$).tw.
21. or/8‐20
22. Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/
23. Random Allocation/
24. Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic/
25. control groups/
26. clinical trials as topic/ or clinical trials, phase i as topic/ or clinical trials, phase ii as topic/ or clinical trials, phase iii as topic/ or clinical trials, phase iv as topic/
27. double‐blind method/
28. single‐blind method/
29. Placebos/
30. placebo effect/
31. cross‐over studies/
32. randomized controlled trial.pt.
33. controlled clinical trial.pt.
34. (clinical trial or clinical trial phase i or clinical trial phase ii or clinical trial phase iii or clinical trial phase iv).pt.
35. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
36. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
37. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
38. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
39. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
40. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
41. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
42. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
43. (placebo$ or sham).tw.
44. trial.ti.
45. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
46. controls.tw.
47. or/22‐46
48. 7 and 21 and 47
Appendix 3. Embase (Ovid) search strategy
1. cerebrovascular disease/ or brain disease/ or exp basal ganglion hemorrhage/ or exp brain hemangioma/ or exp brain hematoma/ or exp brain hemorrhage/ or exp brain infarction/ or exp brain ischemia/ or exp carotid artery disease/ or exp cerebral artery disease/ or exp cerebrovascular accident/ or exp cerebrovascular malformation/ or exp intracranial aneurysm/ or exp occlusive cerebrovascular disease/ or exp vertebrobasilar insufficiency/
2. (stroke$ or poststroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or brain vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva$ or SAH).tw.
3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebral artery or MCA$ or anterior circulation or posterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery or space‐occupying) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5. exp hemiplegia/ or exp paresis/ or neurologic gait disorder/
6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or paresis or paraparesis or paretic).tw.
7. or/1‐6
8. telehealth/ or exp telemedicine/ or telenursing/ or exp telemetry/ or telephone/ or telecommunication/ or teleconsultation/ or telephone interview/ or videoconferencing/ or videorecording/
9. remote sensing/ or e‐mail/ or text messaging/ or internet/ or wireless communication/ or mobile application/ or exp mobile phone/ or tablet/
10. computer/ or computer system/ or microcomputer/ or minicomputer/ or personal computer/ or personal digital assistant/
11. (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication$ or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc$ or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference$ or tele‐conference$ or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health).tw.
12. (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap$).tw.
13. ((rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or communication or consultation) adj5 (telephone$ or phone$ or video$ or internet$ or computer$ or sensor$ or modem or webcam or website$ or email)).tw.
14. ((remote$ or distance$ or distant) adj5 (rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or physio$ or occupational therap$ or communication or consultation or care or specialist$ or monitor$ or virtual reality or virtual environment$ or technolog$)).tw.
15. (smartphone or text‐messag$ or textmessag$ or sms or (tablet adj3 (device$ or comput$))).tw.
16. ((cell$ or smart$ or mobile or android or internet or web) adj3 (comput$ or device or app$ or phone)).tw.
17. (tele adj3 (game$ or game$ or exergame$ or virtual reality$)).tw.
18. (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health).tw.
19. accelerometer/ or accelerometry/ or actimetry/ or pedometer/
20. ((physical or physiolog$ or perform$ or fit$ or train$ or activ$ or endur$ or exercise) adj3 (track$ or monitor$ or measur$ or device$ or app$)).tw.
21. ((step$ or walk$) adj3 (count$ or meter$ or daily)).tw.
22. (pedometer$ or actigraph$ or acceleromet$).tw.
23. or/8‐22
24. Randomized Controlled Trial/ or "randomized controlled trial (topic)"/
25. Randomization/
26. Controlled clinical trial/ or "controlled clinical trial (topic)"/
27. control group/ or controlled study/
28. clinical trial/ or "clinical trial (topic)"/ or phase 1 clinical trial/ or phase 2 clinical trial/ or phase 3 clinical trial/ or phase 4 clinical trial/
29. Crossover Procedure/
30. Double Blind Procedure/
31. Single Blind Procedure/ or triple blind procedure/
32. placebo/ or placebo effect/
33. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
34. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
35. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
36. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
37. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
38. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
39. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
40. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
41. (placebo$ or sham).tw.
42. trial.ti.
43. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
44. controls.tw.
45. or/24‐44
46. 7 and 23 and 45
Appendix 4. AMED search strategy
1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or cerebral hemorrhage/ or cerebral infarction/ or cerebral ischemia/ or cerebrovascular accident/ or stroke/
2. (stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc$ or brain vasc$ or cerebral vasc$ or cva$ or apoplex$ or SAH).tw.
3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5. hemiplegia/
6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or paresis or paraparesis or paretic).tw.
7. or/1‐6
8. telemedicine/ or telephone/
9. telecommunications/
10. computer systems/ or exp computers/ or internet/ or virtual reality/
11. (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication$ or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc$ or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference$ or tele‐conference$ or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health).tw.
12. (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap$).tw.
13. ((rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or communication or consultation) adj5 (telephone$ or phone$ or video$ or internet$ or computer$ or sensor$ or modem or webcam or website$ or email)).tw.
14. ((remote$ or distance$ or distant) adj5 (rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or physio$ or occupational therap$ or communication or consultation or care or specialist$ or monitor$ or virtual reality or virtual environment$ or technolog$)).tw.
15. ((cell$ or smart$ or mobile or android or internet or web) adj3 (comput$ or device or app$ or phone)).tw.
16. (smartphone or text‐messag$ or (tablet adj3 (device$ or comput$))).tw.
17. (tele adj3 (game$ or game$ or exergame$ or virtual reality$)).tw.
18. (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health).tw.
19. ((physical or physiolog$ or perform$ or fit$ or train$ or activ$ or endur$ or exercise) adj3 (track$ or monitor$ or measur$ or device$ or app$)).tw.
20. ((step$ or walk$) adj3 (count$ or meter$ or daily)).tw.
21. (pedometer$ or actigraph$ or acceleromet$).tw.
22. or/8‐21
23. 7 and 22
Appendix 5. CINAHL search strategy
S1(MH "Cerebrovascular Disorders") OR (MH "Basal Ganglia Cerebrovascular Disease+") OR (MH "Carotid Artery Diseases+") OR (MH "Cerebral Ischemia+") OR (MH "Cerebral Vasospasm") OR (MH "Intracranial Arterial Diseases+") OR ( (MH "Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis") ) OR (MH "Intracranial Hemorrhage+") OR (MH "Stroke") OR (MH "Vertebral Artery Dissections") OR (MH "Stroke Patients") OR (MH "Stroke Units")
S2TI ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH ) or AB ( stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or cerebrovasc* or brain vasc* or cerebral vasc or cva or apoplex or SAH)
S3TI ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or vertebrobasil* or hemispher* or intracran* or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebral artery or MCA* or anterior circulation or posterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery or space‐occupying) N5 TI ( ischemi* or ischaemi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus*)
S4AB ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or vertebrobasil* or hemispher* or intracran* or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebral artery or MCA* or anterior circulation or posterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery or space‐occupying) N5 AB ( ischemi* or ischaemi* or infarct* or thrombo* or emboli* or occlus*)
S5TI ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracran* or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli* or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher* or subarachnoid ) N5 TI ( haemorrhage* or hemorrhage* or haematoma* or hematoma* or bleed* )
S6AB ( brain* or cerebr* or cerebell* or intracerebral or intracran* or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli* or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher* or subarachnoid ) N5 AB ( haemorrhage* or hemorrhage* or haematoma* or hematoma* or bleed* )
S7(MH "Hemiplegia") or (MH "Gait Disorders, Neurologic+")
S8TI ( (hemipleg* or hemipar* or paresis or paretic) ) OR AB ( (hemipleg* or hemipar* or paresis or paretic) )
S9S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8
S10(MH "Telehealth") OR (MH "Telemedicine+") OR (MH "Telerehabilitation") OR (MH "Remote Consultation") OR (MH "Telenursing") OR (MH "Telemetry")
S11(MH "Electronic Mail") OR (MH "Instant Messaging") OR (MH "Internet+") OR (MH "Teleconferencing") OR (MH "Telephone+") OR (MH "Videoconferencing+") OR (MH "Remote Consultation") OR (MH "Text Messaging") OR (MH "Microcomputers") OR (MH "Computers, Portable") OR (MH "Computers, Hand‐Held+") OR (MH "Minicomputers") OR (MH "Mobile Applications")
S12TI ( (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication* or videoconference* or video‐conferenc* or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference* or tele‐conference* or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health) ) OR AB ( (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication* or videoconference* or video‐conferenc* or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference* or tele‐conference* or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health) )
S13TI ( (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap*) ) OR AB ( (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap*) )
S14TI ( ((rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or communication or consultation) N5 (telephone* or phone* or video* or internet* or computer* or sensor* or modem or webcam or website* or email)) ) OR AB ( ((rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or communication or consultation) N5 (telephone* or phone* or video* or internet* or computer* or sensor* or modem or webcam or website* or email)) )
S15TI ( ((remote* or distance* or distant) N5 (rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or physio* or occupational therap* or communication or consultation or care or specialist* or monitor* or virtual reality or virtual environment* or technolog*)) ) OR AB ( ((remote* or distance* or distant) N5 (rehabilitation or therap* or treatment or physio* or occupational therap* or communication or consultation or care or specialist* or monitor* or virtual reality or virtual environment* or technolog*)) )
S16TI ( ((cell* or smart* or mobile or android or internet or web) N3 (comput* or device or app* or phone)) ) OR AB ( ((cell* or smart* or mobile or android or internet or web) N3 (comput* or device or app* or phone)) )
S17TI ( (smartphone or text‐messag* or (tablet N3 (device* or comput*))) ) OR AB ( (smartphone or text‐messag* or (tablet N3 (device* or comput*))) )
S18TI ( (tele N3 (game* or game* or exergame* or virtual reality*)) ) OR AB ( (tele N3 (game* or game* or exergame* or virtual reality*)) )
S19TI ( (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health) ) OR AB ( (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health) )
S20(MH "Accelerometry+")
S21TI ( ((physical or physiolog* or perform* or fit* or train* or activ* or endur* or exercise) N3 (track* or monitor* or measur* or device* or app*)) ) OR AB ( ((physical or physiolog* or perform* or fit* or train* or activ* or endur* or exercise) N3 (track* or monitor* or measur* or device* or app*)) )
S22TI ( (pedometer* or actigraph* or acceleromet*) ) OR AB ( (pedometer* or actigraph* or acceleromet*) )
S23S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22
S24(MH "Randomized Controlled Trials") or (MH "Random Assignment") or (MH "Random Sample+")
S25(MH "Clinical Trials") or (MH "Intervention Trials") or (MH "Therapeutic Trials")
S26(MH "Double‐Blind Studies") or (MH "Single‐Blind Studies") or (MH "Triple‐Blind Studies")
S27(MH "Control (Research)") or (MH "Control Group") or (MH "Placebos") or (MH "Placebo Effect")
S28(MH "Crossover Design") OR (MH "Quasi‐Experimental Studies")
S29PT (clinical trial or randomized controlled trial)
S30TI (random* or RCT or RCTs) or AB (random* or RCT or RCTs)
S31TI (controlled N5 (trial* or stud*)) or AB (controlled N5 (trial* or stud*))
S32TI (clinical* N5 trial*) or AB (clinical* N5 trial*)
S33TI ((control or treatment or experiment* or intervention) N5 (group* or subject* or patient*)) or AB ((control or treatment or experiment* or intervention) N5 (group* or subject* or patient*))
S34S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33
S35S9 AND S23 AND S34
Appendix 6. PsycINFO search strategy
1. cerebrovascular disorders/ or cerebral hemorrhage/ or exp cerebral ischemia/ or cerebrovascular accidents/ or subarachnoid hemorrhage/
2. (stroke$ or post stroke or poststroke or post‐stroke or apoplex$ or cerebral vasc$ or cerebrovasc$ or cva or SAH).tw.
3. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or vertebrobasil$ or hemispher$ or intracran$ or intracerebral or infratentorial or supratentorial or middle cerebr$ or mca$ or anterior circulation or basilar artery or vertebral artery) adj5 (isch?emi$ or infarct$ or thrombo$ or emboli$ or occlus$ or hypoxi$)).tw.
4. ((brain$ or cerebr$ or cerebell$ or intracerebral or intracran$ or parenchymal or intraparenchymal or intraventricular or infratentorial or supratentorial or basal gangli$ or putaminal or putamen or posterior fossa or hemispher$ or subarachnoid) adj5 (h?emorrhag$ or h?ematoma$ or bleed$)).tw.
5. hemiparesis/ or hemiplegia/
6. (hemipleg$ or hemipar$ or paresis or paretic).tw.
7. or/1‐6
8. telemedicine/ or teleconferencing/ or exp telemetry/
9. internet/ or blog/ or online therapy/ or exp social media/ or exp websites/ or exp mobile devices/ or exp electronic communication/ or exp technology/ or text messaging/
10. computer applications/ or computer assisted instruction/ or computer assisted therapy/ or computer simulation/ or electronic learning/ or computers/ or microcomputers/ or online therapy/ or virtual reality/
11. (telemedicine or telemetry or telerehabilitation or tele‐rehabilitation or telerehab or telehealth or tele‐health or telehomecare or tele‐homecare or telecoaching or tele‐coaching or telecommunication$ or videoconference$ or video‐conferenc$ or videoconsultation or video‐consultation or telestroke or teleconference$ or tele‐conference$ or teleconsultation or tele‐consultation or telecare or ehealth or e‐health).tw.
12. (telespeech or tele‐speech or teleOT or tele‐OT or telepractice or teletherap$).tw.
13. ((rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or communication or consultation) adj5 (telephone$ or phone$ or video$ or internet$ or computer$ or sensor$ or modem or webcam or website$ or email)).tw.
14. ((remote$ or distance$ or distant) adj5 (rehabilitation or therap$ or treatment or physio$ or occupational therap$ or communication or consultation or care or specialist$ or monitor$ or virtual reality or virtual environment$ or technolog$)).tw.
15. ((cell$ or smart$ or mobile or android or internet or web) adj3 (comput$ or device or app$ or phone)).tw.
16. (smartphone or text‐messag$ or (tablet adj3 (device$ or comput$))).tw.
17. (tele adj3 (game$ or game$ or exergame$ or virtual reality$)).tw.
18. (mhealth or m‐health or m health or mobile health).tw.
19. ((physical or physiolog$ or perform$ or fit$ or train$ or activ$ or endur$ or exercise) adj3 (track$ or monitor$ or measur$ or device$ or app$)).tw.
20. ((step$ or walk$) adj3 (count$ or meter$ or daily)).tw.
21. (pedometer$ or actigraph$ or acceleromet$).tw.
22. or/8‐21
23. clinical trials/ or treatment effectiveness evaluation/ or placebo/
24. (random$ or RCT or RCTs).tw.
25. (controlled adj5 (trial$ or stud$)).tw.
26. (clinical$ adj5 trial$).tw.
27. ((control or treatment or experiment$ or intervention) adj5 (group$ or subject$ or patient$)).tw.
28. (quasi‐random$ or quasi random$ or pseudo‐random$ or pseudo random$).tw.
29. ((control or experiment$ or conservative) adj5 (treatment or therapy or procedure or manage$)).tw.
30. ((singl$ or doubl$ or tripl$ or trebl$) adj5 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
31. (cross‐over or cross over or crossover).tw.
32. (placebo$ or sham).tw.
33. trial.ti.
34. (assign$ or allocat$).tw.
35. controls.tw.
36. or/23‐35
37. 7 and 22 and 36
Appendix 7. PsycBITE search strategy
keyword search: tele AND stroke
Method: Randomised controlled trials
Appendix 8. OT Seeker search strategy
search terms: tele AND stroke AND random (in any field)
Appendix 9. PEDRO search strategy
tele (in asbtract or title) AND clinical trial (method) AND neurology (subdiscipline)
Appendix 10. REHABDATA search strategy
tele AND stroke AND random (in abstract)
Appendix 11. Health Technology Assessment Database
tele AND stroke AND random (any field)
Appendix 12. Search of clinical trial registers
US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov)
telerehabilitation OR telemedicine OR telehealth OR activity tracker | Interventional Studies | Brain Infarction OR Intracranial Hemorrhages OR Carotid Artery Diseases OR Brain Ischemia OR Cerebral Hemorrhage OR Cerebrovascular Disorders OR Stroke
World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (apps.who.int/trialsearch)
stroke AND tele‐rehabilitation or telerehabilitation
stroke AND telehealth
stroke AND telemedicine
Appendix 13. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global search strategy
telerehabilitation OR telehealth OR telemedicine (abstract)
AND stroke (abstract)
AND trial OR random (abstract)
Study flow diagram.
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Comparison 1 Telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation, Outcome 1 Activities of daily living.
Comparison 1 Telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation, Outcome 2 Balance.
Comparison 1 Telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation, Outcome 3 Upper limb function.
Comparison 1 Telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation, Outcome 4 Functional communication.
Comparison 2 Telerehabilitation versus usual care, Outcome 1 Activities of daily living.
Comparison 2 Telerehabilitation versus usual care, Outcome 2 Mobility.
Comparison 2 Telerehabilitation versus usual care, Outcome 3 Health‐related quality of life.
Comparison 2 Telerehabilitation versus usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.
Comparison 2 Telerehabilitation versus usual care, Outcome 5 Upper limb function.
| Telerehabilitation compared with in‐person rehabilitation for stroke | ||||
| Patient or population: people with stroke Settings: living in the community Intervention: telerehabilitation Comparison: in‐person rehabilitation | ||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Number of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments |
| Independence in ADL post‐intervention | No significant difference found on total ADL function score: MD 0.59 (‐5.50 to 6.68) (Analysis 1.1) | 75 (2 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ | |
| Self‐care and domestic life Post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies | |||
| Mobility post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies | |||
| Balance post‐intervention | No significant difference found on balance outcomes: MD 0.48 (‐1.36 to 2.32) (Analysis 1.2) | 106 participants (3 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ | |
| Self‐reported health‐related quality of life post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies (where the comparison was telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation) | |||
| Depression post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies (where the comparison was telerehabilitation versus in‐person rehabilitation) | |||
| Upper limb function post‐intervention | No significant difference found on total UL function score: MD 1.23 (‐2.17 to 4.64) (Analysis 1.3) | 170 | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ | |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||
| aDowngraded one level due to risk of bias. bDowngraded one level due to imprecision related to small sample size. | ||||
| Telerehabilitation (post hospital discharge support) compared with usual care for stroke | ||||
| Patient or population: people with stroke Settings: living in the community Intervention: telerehabilitation Comparison: usual care | ||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Number of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments |
| Independence in ADL post‐intervention | No significant difference found on total ADL function score: SMD ‐0.00 (‐0.15 to 0.15) (Analysis 2.1) | 661 | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ | |
| Self‐care and domestic life post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies | |||
| Mobility post‐intervention | No significant difference found in gait speed: MD 0.01 (‐0.12 to 0.14) (Analysis 2.2) | 144 (1 study) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ | |
| Balance post‐intervention | Outcome not assessed in included studies | |||
| Self‐reported health‐related quality of life post‐intervention | No significant difference found in self‐reported quality of life: SMD 0.03 (‐0.14 to 0.20) (Analysis 2.3) | 569 | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ | |
| Depression post‐intervention | No significant difference found in depressive symptoms SMD ‐0.04 (‐0.19 to 0.11) (Analysis 2.4) | 1145 | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ | |
| Upper limb function post‐intervention | No significant difference found in upper limb function: SMD 0.33 (‐0.21 to 0.87) (Analysis 2.5) | 54 (2 studies) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ | |
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||
| aDowngraded one level due to risk of bias. bDowngraded one level due to imprecision related to small sample size. | ||||
| Study | Screened | Randomised | Allocated to intervention group | Allocated to control group | Assessed at follow‐up |
| Not reported | 49 | 23 | 26 | 41 | |
| Not reported | 10 | 5 | 5 | Unclear | |
| 691 | 536 | 263 | 273 | 486 | |
| 167 | 25 | 13 | 12 | 20 | |
| 97 | 54 | 27 | 27 | 50 | |
| 52 | 52 | 27 | 25 | 44 | |
| 232 | 124 | 62 | 62 | 124 analysed | |
| 62 | 19 | 9 | 10 | 16 | |
| Not reported | 11 | Not reported | Not reported | 9 | |
| Not reported | 16 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | |
| 416 | 100 | 37 | 35 (in‐person), 28 (usual care) | 91 | |
| 94 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 23 | |
| 115 | 31 | 15 | 16 | 30 | |
| 294 | 190 | 96 | 94 | 157 | |
| Not reported | 53 | 20 | 22 | Unclear | |
| Not reported | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Not reported | 36 | 18 | 18 | 36 | |
| 286 | 186 | 92 | 94 | 139 | |
| 1045 | 265 | 130 | 135 | 230 | |
| 161 | 38 | 19 | 19 | 32 | |
| Unclear | 17 | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | |
| 186 | 91 | 46 | 45 | 80 |
| Study | Intervention | Comparison | Time after stroke | Country of study |
| Family therapy phone calls to assist with transition home (up to 26 phone calls over 6 months) | Usual care | Not reported however occurred on discharge from hospital to home | USA | |
| Web‐based exercises (posture and upper limb) and therapist weekly consultations | Provision of written exercises without additional therapist contact | Subacute | Slovenia | |
| Case management via 3 telephone calls and a home visit up to 24 weeks after discharge from an acute hospital following stroke | Usual care | Not reported; however, intervention was provided on discharge from acute facility | Netherlands | |
| Upper limb therapy targeting finger and wrist movements provided via a computerised programme in which explicit feedback on performance was provided. Regular teleconferencing occurred between participant and therapist. | Upper limb therapy targeting finger and wrist movements provided via a computerised programme whereby explicit feedback on performance was not provided. Regular teleconferencing occurred between participant and therapist. | Chronic phase | USA | |
| Exercise programme and electrical stimulation which was supervised and monitored remotely via a telerehabilitation system | Same programme of exercises but provided face to face in an outpatient therapy service | Subacute phase | China | |
| A programme designed to improve the person's functional mobility administered via televisits, use of an in‐home messaging device, and 5 telephone calls over a 3‐month period | Usual care | Subacute phase | USA | |
| Telehrehabilitaiton program designed to improve upper limb function and involving on‐screen games | Similar therapy content and same dose of therapy but provided in the clinic | Subacute | USA | |
| Lower limb therapy targeting ankle movements provided via a computerised programme in which explicit feedback on performance was provided. Teleconferencing was used regularly, and performance data were emailed to the therapist. | Lower limb therapy targeting ankle movements provided via a computerised programme whereby explicit feedback on performance was not provided. Teleconferencing was used regularly, and performance data were emailed to the therapist. | Chronic phase | USA | |
| A total of 12 therapy sessions (occupational therapy and physiotherapy) were conducted via a desktop videophone. Interventions included education, retraining of self‐care, functional mobility and posture, home modifications and therapy to improve function in impaired limbs. | The same intervention programme was delivered face‐to‐face. | Not reported | USA | |
| Upper limb therapy using the Home Care Activity Device (computer‐based programme) for 1 month | Usual care and generic exercises were provided by a physician | Chronic phase | Netherlands | |
| Living Well with Stroke intervention designed to reduce depressive symptoms in people with stroke and depression delivered via telephone | Living Well with Stroke (in‐person) Usual care | Subacute | USA | |
| Physical exercises especially balance and lower limbs provided remotely via telerehabilitation system | Similar exercises provided face‐to‐face | Chronic | Taiwan | |
| Virtual reality system used in the home with the aim of improving balance. Remote monitoring and phone call checks | Virtual reality system used in the clinic with the aim of improving balance | Chronic | Spain | |
| Case management intervention provided via home visits and telephone calls for 6 weeks following discharge from acute care | Participants were instructed to make an appointment with their general practitioner. | Acute phase | Canada | |
| Aphasia rehabilitation provided remotely via telerehabilitation | Aphasia rehabilitation provided in‐person | Chronic phase | Canada | |
| Upper limb therapy that was delivered using a virtual reality programme at home and supplemented by videoconferencing | Upper limb therapy that was delivered using a virtual reality programme and conducted in the clinic setting | Chronic phase | Italy | |
| Upper limb therapy that was delivered using a virtual reality telerehabilitation programme and that took place in the home | A programme of conventional upper limb exercises | Chronic phase | Italy | |
| Regular phone calls to discuss family functioning and risk factors after discharge from hospital | Phone number to call health professional if queries | Acute phase | Canada | |
| Stroke support service upon discharge from acute hospital | Usual care | Post‐acute phase | Germany | |
| An intervention to support the caregivers of stroke survivors by enhancing knowledge, skills, and coping. Delivered via email, online chat sessions, and online resources | Participants had access to some of the online resources. | Not reported | USA | |
| Rehabilitation for people with aphasia after discharge from hospital | Conventional therapy | Chronic phase | Germany | |
| Goal‐setting telephone follow‐up relating to health behaviours | Usual stroke education | Subacute phase | China |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Activities of daily living Show forest plot | 2 | 75 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.59 [‐5.50, 6.68] |
| 2 Balance Show forest plot | 3 | 106 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.48 [‐1.36, 2.32] |
| 3 Upper limb function Show forest plot | 3 | 170 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.23 [‐2.17, 4.64] |
| 4 Functional communication Show forest plot | 1 | 30 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [‐2.52, 4.72] |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Activities of daily living Show forest plot | 2 | 661 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.00 [‐0.15, 0.15] |
| 2 Mobility Show forest plot | 1 | 190 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.01 [‐0.12, 0.14] |
| 3 Health‐related quality of life Show forest plot | 3 | 569 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.03 [‐0.14, 0.20] |
| 4 Depression Show forest plot | 6 | 1145 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.04 [‐0.19, 0.11] |
| 5 Upper limb function Show forest plot | 2 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.33 [‐0.21, 0.87] |
