| Randomized controlled trials |
| Bentz 2007 | | Guideline actions increased within the intervention clinics for smoking status (94.5% vs 88.1% p<0.05), advised to quit (71.6% vs 52.7%, p<0.001), assessed interest in quitting 65.5% vs 40.1% p<0.001), and provided assistance (20.1% vs 10.5%, p < 0.001). Quitline referral increased in the intervention clinics (adjusted OR 1.53) |
| Linder 2009 | Significantly more smokers in the intervention clinics were subsequently documented as nonsmokers compared to smokers in the control clinics (5.3% vs 1.9%, p < 0.001) | Significantly more smokers were referred to cessation counselling in the intervention clinics (4.5% vs 0.4% in control clinics, p<0.001), and significantly more smokers from intervention clinics made contact with a cessation counsellor (3.9% vs 0.3% in control clinics, p<0.001). No difference in the proportion of documented smokers from control or intervention clinics prescribed any cessation medication (2.0% vs 2.0%). |
| Rindal 2013 | | Significantly more smoking patients from intervention clinics versus control clinic patients reported dental provider actions: discussed interest in quitting (87% vs 70%); discussed quitting (47% vs 26%); and referral to quitline (37% vs 17%). |
| Sherman 2008 | | The average number of smokers per month referred to telephone counselling increased from 1.0 to 15.6 (p< 0.001) among intervention clinic providers, and from 0.2 to 0.7 (p<0.04) among control clinic providers. |
| Vidrine 2013 | | Patients from intervention clinics were more likely to enroll in quitline treatment compared to control clinics (15% vs 0.5%). |
| Vidrine 2013a | | Patients from intervention clinics were more likely to enroll in quitline treatment compared to control clinics (8% vs 0.6%). |
| Controlled trials |
| Bentz 2002 | | Documentation of tobacco use was unchanged in the paper chart clinic, but increased from 79% to 88% in the enhanced EHR clinic. |
| Frank 2004 | | Assessment of smoking status was unchanged between intervention and control patient visits (2.0% vs 1.8%, RR 1.12 , 95% CI 0.90 to 1.39). |
| Szpunar 2006 | | Asking about tobacco use increased in the intervention clinics from 88.4% to 92.8%. |
| Uncontrolled trials |
| Adsit 2014 | | The proportion of patients referred to the quitline increased from <1% to 14%. 5% enrolled in quitline treatment. |
| Koplan 2008 | | The proportion of smoking patients referred to cessation counselling increased from 0.8% to 2.1% (p < 0.001); medication ordered increased from 1.6% to 2.5% (p < 0.001). |
| Lindholm 2010 | | Tobacco use status in the EHR increased from 71.6% to 78.4% (p < 0.001). |
| Mathias 2012 | The percentage of documented smokers with a change in smoking status from active to quit during the pre‐ or postintervention period increased from 17.1% in the preintervention cohort to 20.5% in the postintervention cohort (p = .06) | In the post enhancement period, cessation medication prescribing did not change (14.4% vs. 13.4%, p = .5), but quitline referral increased from 2% to 7% (p < 0.001). |
| McCullough 2009 | | Tobacco use status increased from 71% to 84% (p < 0.001). Assessement of plan to quit increased from 25.% to 51% (p < 0.005), and smokers assessed for a plan to quit were more likely to receive cessation counselling (46% vs 14% among smokers not assessed, p < 0.001). |
| Ragucci 2009 | Of 90 smokers in the study, 29 were quit at 6 months (32%) | |
| Spencer 1999 | | Recording of tobacco use status increased from 18.4% to 80.3%. |
