Relaxation for depression

Anthony F Jorm; Amy J Morgan; Sarah E Hetrick

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007142.pub2

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term).

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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 4 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 6 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 9 Dropouts during intervention.

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Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 10 Dropouts during follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment, Outcome 11 Dropouts during follow‐up (long‐term).

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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term).

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Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 4 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 6 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 2.9

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 9 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 2.10

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 10 Dropouts during intervention.

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Analysis 2.11

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 11 Dropouts during follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 2.12

Comparison 2 Relaxation versus psychological treatment, Outcome 12 Dropouts during follow‐up (long‐term).

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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Relaxation versus lifestyle and complementary treatments, Outcome 1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Relaxation versus lifestyle and complementary treatments, Outcome 2 Dropouts during intervention.

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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Relaxation versus medication, Outcome 1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Relaxation versus medication, Outcome 2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term).

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Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Relaxation versus medication, Outcome 3 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Relaxation versus medication, Outcome 4 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 4.5

Comparison 4 Relaxation versus medication, Outcome 5 Dropouts during intervention.

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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention (SMD).

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Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 2 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention (WMD).

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Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term, SMD).

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Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 4 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term, WMD).

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Analysis 5.5

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention (SMD).

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Analysis 5.6

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 6 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention (WMD).

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Analysis 5.7

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention.

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Analysis 5.8

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention.

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Analysis 5.9

Comparison 5 Relaxation + medication versus medication alone, Outcome 9 Dropouts during intervention.

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Comparison 1. Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	5	136	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.59 [‐0.94, ‐0.24]

2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	2	48	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.74 [‐1.34, ‐0.15]

3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term) Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

4 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	2	52	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.35 [‐3.06, 0.37]

5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

6 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	2	52	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.28 [0.14, 0.54]

7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

9 Dropouts during intervention Show forest plot	4	122	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.08, 6.73]

10 Dropouts during follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	2	54	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.19, 5.29]

11 Dropouts during follow‐up (long‐term) Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

Comparison 1. Relaxation versus wait‐list, no treatment or minimal treatment

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Comparison 2. Relaxation versus psychological treatment

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	9	286	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.14, 0.62]

2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	6	192	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.36 [0.07, 0.65]

3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term) Show forest plot	2	62	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.11 [‐0.39, 0.61]

4 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	3	72	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.29 [‐0.18, 0.75]

5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

6 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	5	203	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.71 [1.25, 2.34]

7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	3	89	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.88 [1.05, 3.34]

8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	3	104	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.96 [1.20, 3.22]

9 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

10 Dropouts during intervention Show forest plot	8	289	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.59 [0.83, 3.05]

11 Dropouts during follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	5	135	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.43, 5.51]

12 Dropouts during follow‐up (long‐term) Show forest plot	2	73	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.72 [0.03, 251.39]

Comparison 2. Relaxation versus psychological treatment

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Comparison 3. Relaxation versus lifestyle and complementary treatments

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

2 Dropouts during intervention Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

Comparison 3. Relaxation versus lifestyle and complementary treatments

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Comparison 4. Relaxation versus medication

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	2	115	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.59 [‐2.07, 0.89]

2 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (short‐term) Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

3 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	1		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

4 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

5 Dropouts during intervention Show forest plot	2	127	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.39, 1.31]

Comparison 4. Relaxation versus medication

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Comparison 5. Relaxation + medication versus medication alone

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention (SMD) Show forest plot	2	40	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐1.56, ‐0.24]

2 Depression scores ‐ self rated post intervention (WMD) Show forest plot	2	40	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐8.03 [‐13.32, ‐2.74]

3 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term, SMD) Show forest plot	1	20	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.02 [‐0.90, 0.86]

4 Depression scores ‐ self rated follow‐up (long‐term, WMD) Show forest plot	1	20	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐9.18, 8.78]

5 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention (SMD) Show forest plot	1	20	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐1.08, 0.68]

6 Depression scores ‐ clinician rated post intervention (WMD) Show forest plot	1	20	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.20 [‐6.23, 3.83]

7 Non response/remission ‐ self rated post intervention Show forest plot	1	20	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.05 [0.00, 0.72]

8 Non response/remission ‐ clinician rated post intervention Show forest plot	1	20	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.78, 1.63]

9 Dropouts during intervention Show forest plot	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only

Comparison 5. Relaxation + medication versus medication alone

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