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Duloxetine for treating painful neuropathy or chronic pain

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Referencias

Arnold 2004 {published data only}

Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, Wohlreich M, Detke MJ, Iyengar S, et al for the Duloxetine Fibromyalgia Trial Group. A double‐blind multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2004;50(9):2974‐84.

Arnold 2005 {published data only}

Arnold LM, Rosen A, Pritchett YL, D'Souza DN, Goldstein DJ, Iyengar S, et al. A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of duloxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia with or without major depressive disorder. Pain 2005;119(1‐3):5‐15.

Goldstein 2005 {published data only}

Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, Lee TC, Iyengar S. Duloxetine vs. placebo in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Pain 2005;116:109‐18.

Raskin 2005 {published data only}

Raskin J, Pritchett YL, Wang F, D'Souza DN, Waniger AL, Iyengar S, Wernicke JF. A double‐blind randomized multicentre trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Pain Medicine 2005;6(5):346‐56.

Russell 2008 {published data only}

Russell J, Mease PJ, Smith TR, Kajdasz DK, Wohlreich MM, Detke MJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of duloxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia in patients with or without major depressive disorder: results from a 6‐month randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled fixed‐dose trial. Pain 2008;136(3):432‐44.

Wernicke 2006 {published data only}

Wernicke JF, Pritchett YL, D'Souza DN, Waninger A, Tran P, Iyengar S, et al. A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Neurology 2006;67(8):1411‐20.

References to studies excluded from this review

Brannan 2005 {published data only}

Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Brown EB, Wohlreich MM, Watkin JG, Schatzberg AF. Duloxetine 60mg once daily in the treatment of painful physical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research 2005;39(1):43‐53.

Goldstein 2004 {published data only}

Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, Wiltse C, Mallinckrodt C, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: A double‐blind placebo‐controlled comparison with paroxetine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2004;24(4):389‐99.

Raskin 2005a {published data only}

Raskin J, Pritchett YL, Chappell AS, D‐Souza DN, Wong CK, Ferdinand SJ, et al. Duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ results from three clinical trials. EFNS proceedings abstract. September 2005.

Raskin 2006a {published data only}

Raskin J, Smith TR, Wong K, Pritchett YL, D'Souza DN, Iyengar S, et al. Duloxetine versus routine care in the long‐term management of diabetic neuropathic pain. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2006;9(1):29‐40.

Raskin 2006b {published data only}

Raskin J, Wang F, Pritchett YL, Goldstein DJ. Duloxetine for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: a 6‐month open‐label safety study. Pain Medicine 2006;7(5):373‐85.

Russell 2006 {published data only}

Russell JW. Does duloxetine safely and affectively reduce the severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain?. Nature Clinical Practice Neurology 2006;2(1):18‐9.

Wernicke 2006b {published data only}

Wernicke JF, Raskin J, Rosen A, Pritchett YL, D'Souza DN, Iyengar S, et al. Duloxetine in the long‐term management of diabetic neuropathic pain: an open‐label, 52‐week extension of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Current Therapeutic Research 2006;67(5):283‐304.

Wu 2006 {published data only}

Wu EQ, Birnbaum HJ, Mareva MN, Le TK, Robinson RL, Rosen A, et al. Cost‐effectiveness of duloxetine versus routine treatment for U.S. patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. The Journal of Pain 2006;7(6):399‐407.

References to studies awaiting assessment

Canovas 2007 {published data only}

Canovas L, Illodo G, Castro M, Mouriz L, Vazquez‐Martinez A, Centeno J, et al. Effects of duloxetin and amitriptilin in neuropathic pain: Study in 180 patients [Efectos de duloxetina y amitriptilina en el dolor neuropatico: estudio en 180 casos]. Revista de la Sociedad Espanola del Dolor 2007;8:568‐73.

Skljarevski 2008 {unpublished data only}

Skljarevski V, Desaiah D, Liu‐Siefert H, Zhang Q, Chappell AS, Detke MJ, et al. Efficacy of duloxetine in low back pain. European Journal of Neurology 2008;15(Supplement 3):320.

Abbott 2007 {published data only}

Abbott. Safety and efficacy study in subjects with diabetic neuropathic pain (NCT00507936). www.clinicaltrials.gov2007.

Adolor Corporation 2007 {published data only}

Adolor Corporation. A phase 2a, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicenter study to assess the safety and efficacy of ADL5859 100 mg BID in subjects with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (NCT00603265) [Safety and efficacy study of ADL5859 in subjects with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy]. www.clinicaltrials.gov2007.

Baylor 2007 {published data only}

Baylor College of Medicine. Open label study of duloxetine for the treatment of phantom limb pain (NCT00425230) [Pilot study of use of duloxetine for the treatment of phantom limb pain]. www.clinicaltrials.org.

Eli Lilly 2005a {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. Tolerability of switching to duloxetine for the management of diabetic nerve pain (NCT00266643) [A comparison of strategies for switching patients from amitriptyline to duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain]. www.clinicaltrials.gov2005.

Eli Lilly 2006 {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in China (NCT00408993). www.clinicaltrials.gov2006.

Eli Lilly 2006a {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. Maintenance of effect of duloxetine in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) (NCT00322621). www.clinicaltrials.gov2006.

Eli Lilly 2006b {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. A study of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgia (NCT00125892). www.clinicaltrials.gov2006.

Eli Lilly 2007 {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. A study for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (NCT00552175) [A superiority study of LY248686 versus placebo in the treatment of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain]. www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Eli Lilly 2008 {published data only}

Eli Lilly. An open‐label comparison of duloxetine to other alternatives for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (NCT00385671). www.clinicaltrials.gov2008.

Eli Lilly 2008a {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. A study comparing duloxetine and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia (NCT00673452). www.clinicaltrials.gov.

Eli Lilly 2008b {published data only}

Eli Lilly, Company. A long‐term study for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (NCT00641719). www.clinicaltrials.gov2008.

Germans Trias 2008 {unpublished data only}

Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital FUNDACIÓ LLUITA CONTRA LA SIDA. Pilot, opened, randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromialgy in patients with infection by HIV 1+ ( NCT00552682). www.clinicaltrials.gov2008.

University of Surrey 2007 {published data only}

University of Surrey. A double‐blind, randomised, parallel groups investigation into the effects of pregabalin, duloxetine and amitriptyline on aspects of pain, sleep, and next day performance in patients suffering from diabetic peripheral neuropathy [Effects of pregabalin, duloxetine & amitriptyline on pain & sleep (NCT00370656)]. www.clinicaltrials.gov2007.

Wake Forest 2008 {published data only}

Wake Forest University. Three way interaction between gabapentin, duloxetine, and donepezil in patients with diabetic neuropathy. www.clinicaltrials.gov2008.

Aronson 2006

Aronson JK, Dukes MN. Meyler's side effects of drugs. 15th Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

Aronson 2007

Aronson JK. Chapter 2 Antidepressant Drugs. In: Aronson JK editor(s). Side Effects of Drugs. Vol. 29, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007:23.

Aronson 2008

Aronson JK. Chapter 2 Antidepressant Drugs. In: Aronson JK editor(s). Side Effects of Drugs. Vol. 30, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2008:19.

Attal 2006

Attal N, Cruccu G, Haanpää M, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Nurmikko T, et al. EFNS Task Force. EFNS guidelines on pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain. European Journal of Neurology 2006;13(11):1153‐69.

Beard 2008

Beard SM, McCrink L, Le TK, Garcia‐Cebrian A, Monz B, Malik RA. Cost effectiveness of duloxetine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in the UK. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2008;24(2):385‐99.

Breivik 2006

Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. European Journal of Pain 2006;10(4):287‐333.

Burckhardt 1991

Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire: development and validation. Journal of Rheumatology 1991;18(5):728‐33.

Bymaster 2001

Bymaster FP, Dreshfield‐Ahmad LJ, Threlkeld PG, Shaw JL, Thompson L, Nelson DL, et al. Comparative affinity of duloxetine and venlafaxine for serotonin and norepinephrine transporters in vitro and in vivo, human serotonin receptor subtypes, and other neuronal receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;25(6):871‐80.

Bymaster 2005

Bymaster FP, Lee TC, Knadler MP, Detke MJ, Iyengar S. The dual transporter inhibitor duloxetine: a review of its preclinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetic profile, and clinical results in depression. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005;11(12):1475‐93.

Dadabhoy 2006

Dadabhoy D, Clauw DJ. Therapy Insight: fibromyalgia ‐ a different type of pain needing a different type of treatment. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 2006;2(7):364‐72.

Daousi 2004

Daousi C, MacFarlane IA, Woodward A, Nurmikko TJ, Bundred PE, Benbow SJ. Chronic painful peripheral neuropathy in an urban community: a controlled comparison of people with and without diabetes. Diabetic Medicine 2004;21(9):976‐82.

DTB 2007

Anon. Is there a place for duloxetine?. Drug and Therapeutic Bulletin 2007;45(4):29‐32.

Dworkin 2008

Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Wyrwich KW, Beaton D, Cleeland CS, Farrar JT, et al. Interpreting the Clinical Importance of Treatment Outcomes in Chronic Pain Clinical Trials: IMMPACT Recommendations. Journal of Pain 2008;9(2):105‐21.

Elbourne 2002

Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Higgins JPT, Curtin F, Worthington HV, Vail A. Meta‐analyses involving cross‐over trials: methodological issues. International Journal of Epidemiology 2002;31(1):140‐9.

Fava 2004

Fava M, Mallinckrodt CH, Detke MJ, Watkin JG, Wohlreich MM. The effect of duloxetine on painful physical symptoms in depressed patients: do improvements in these symptoms result in higher remission rates?. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004;65(4):521‐30.

Gahimer 2007

Gahimer J, Wernicke J, Yalcin I, Ossanna MJ, Wulster‐Radcliffe M, Viktrup L. A retrospective polled analysis of duloxetine safety in 23,983 subjects. Current Medical Research Opinion 2007;23(1):175‐84.

Guay 2006

Guay DRP. Adjunctive Pahramacological management of persistent, nonmalignant pain in older individuals. Aging Health 2006;2(1):135‐44.

Hall 2006

Hall GC, Carroll D, Parry D, McQuay HJ. Epidemiology and treatment of neuropathic pain: the UK primary care perspective. Pain 2006;122(1‐2):156‐62.

Higgins 2008

Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008:187‐244. [MEDLINE: 12251]

Kajdasz 2007

Kajdasz DK, Iyengar S, Desaiah D, Backonja MM, Farrar JT, Fishbain DA, et al. Duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: evidence‐based findings from post hoc analysis of three multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group studies. Clinical Therapeutics 2007;29(Supplement):2536‐46.

Mariappan 2005

Mariappan P,  Alhasso AA, Grant A, N'Dow JMO. Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for stress urinary incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. [Art. No.: CD004742. DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD004742.pub2]

Nagda 2004

Nagda J, Bajwa ZH. Definitions and Classification of Pain. Principles and practice of pain management. New York: McGraw Hill, 2004:51‐4.

Nose 2007

Nose M, Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Omori I, Churchill R, McGuire H et al for the Meta‐Analysis of New Generation Antidepressants (MANGA) Study Group. Duloxetine versus other anti‐depressive agents for depression. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 2. DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD005454.pub2. [Art. No.: CD006533]

O'Connor 2008

O'Connor AB, Noyes K, Holloway RG. A cost‐utility comparison of four first‐line medications in painful diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacoeconomics 2008;26(12):1045‐64.

Perahia 2006

Perahia DG, Pritchett YL, Desaiah D, Raskin J. Efficacy of duloxetine in painful symptoms: analgesic or antidepressant effect?. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006;21(6):311‐7.

Saarto 2007

Saarto T, Wiffen PJ. Antidepressants for neuropathic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. [Art No.:CD005454 DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD005454.pub2]

Schuessler 2006

Scheussler B. What do we know about duloxetine's mode of action? Evidence from animals to humans. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2006;113 Suppl 1:5‐9.

Sultan 2008

Sultan A, Gaskell H, Derry S, Moore RA. Duloxetine for painful diabetic neuropathy and fibromyalgia pain: systematic review of randomised trials.. Biomed Central Neurology 2008;8(Aug 1):29.

Treede 2008

Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, Cruccu G, Dostrovsky JO, Griffin JW, et al. Neuropathic pain: Redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology 2008;70(18):1630‐35.

Wernicke 2007

Wernicke J, Lledo A, Raskin J, Kajdasz DK, Wang F. An evaluation of the cardiovascular safety profile of duloxetine. Drug Safety 2007;30(5):437‐55.

Wiffen 2005

Wiffen PJ, McQuay HJ, Edwards JE, Moore RA. Gabapentin for acute and chronic pain. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005, Issue 3. Art No.:CD00542. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD005452.

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]

Arnold 2004

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in fibromyalgia

Participants

207 men or women over 18 years who fulfilled American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for fibromyalgia, and scoring 4 or more on the pain intensity item of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ)

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg twice daily versus placebo for 12 weeks with a 20 day titration phase. Follow‐up at 12 weeks

Outcomes

FIQ pain score, SF‐36 brief pain inventory

Notes

Greater use of antidepressants in the placebo group

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Low risk

Assignment to treatment groups was determined by a computer‐generated random sequence.

Allocation concealment?

Low risk

Used an interactive voice response system. Treatment was double‐blind for 12 weeks. The number of placebo capsules was similarly adjusted to maintain the blinding.

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind for all assessments in therapy phase, single‐blind in run‐in phase

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

High risk

46/104 (44%) in duloxetine and 37/103 (36%) in placebo group discontinued treatment but all dropouts accounted for and last observation carried forward

Free of selective reporting?

Unclear risk

As above in incomplete outcome data

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Antidepressants used more in the placebo group but this would bias against the treatment arm

Arnold 2005

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of duloxetine in women with fibromyalgia

Participants

Women only, >18 years of age who met criteria for primary fibromyalgia as defined by the American College of Rheumatology, and had a score of >4 on the average pain severity item of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at randomisation

354 participants

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg daily, duloxetine 60 mg twice daily and placebo

Outcomes

Brief pain inventory (average pain severity), SF‐36, BPI interference scale

Notes

Company sponsored and run trial. Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire abandoned in favour of BPI

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Unclear risk

Women who met entry criteria following the screening phase were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: duloxetine 60 mg daily, duloxetine 60 mg twice daily (forced titration from 60 mg daily for 3 days to 60 mg twice daily), or placebo, with randomisation in a 1:1:1 ratio. Random assignment of the patients to treatment groups was applied within two stratified groups, those with and those without current major depressive disorder

Allocation concealment?

Unclear risk

Probably low risk of bias as previous trial used an adequate method

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

High risk

High proportion of dropouts: 138 (39%) patients withdrew during the 12‐week therapy phase, 41 (35%) from the duloxetine 60 mg QD group, 45 (39%) from the duloxetine 60 mg BID group, and 52 (43%) from the placebo group (P = 0.407). Matched across groups but high rate of loss.

'Partial intention to treat analysis'. All randomised patients with a baseline and at least one post‐baseline visit with efficacy data were included in the efficacy analyses, while all randomised patients were included in the safety analyses.

Free of selective reporting?

Unclear risk

See incomplete outcome data above

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Goldstein 2005

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of duloxetine in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy

Participants

Participants, at least 18 years of age, had daily pain due to polyneuropathy caused by type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was present for a minimum of 6 months. This pain had to have begun in the feet with relatively symmetrical onset. The diagnosis was confirmed by a score of at least 3 on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Participants were required to have a minimum score of 4 on the 24‐hour Average Pain Score rated on an 11‐point (0‐10) Likert scale.

457 participants

Interventions

Duloxetine 20 mg daily, 60 mg daily or 60 mg twice daily versus placebo

Outcomes

24‐hour average pain score, SF‐36, patient global impression of change, night pain

Notes

Company sponsored and run trial

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Low risk

Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio by a computer generated random sequence.

Allocation concealment?

Low risk

Patient numbers were assigned consecutively at each study site. The interactive voice response system was used to assign blister cards containing the study drug to each patient confirmed through interactive voice response system entry of a confirmation number on the card.

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

High risk

All analyses were undertaken as an intention‐to‐treat analysis. All patients were analysed in the safety analysis and all patients with at least one post entry data point were analysed in an intention to treat analysis. Dropout rate was 25% with significantly more in the higher dose treatment groups.

Free of selective reporting?

Unclear risk

See above

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Company sponsored and run trial

Raskin 2005

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in participants with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Participants

Participants > 18 years, with pain due to bilateral peripheral neuropathy caused by type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pain had to begin in the feet with relatively symmetrical onset and be present for at least 6 months. Participants had to have a mean score of > 4 when assessed for 24‐hour average pain severity on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI)11‐point Likert scale (from the patient diary prior to randomisation), and stable glycaemic control. Concomitant pain medications excluded

348 participants

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg daily or duloxetine 60 mg twice daily versus placebo

Outcomes

24‐hour average pain severity, patent global impression of clinical change, pain at rest, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) severity, Clinical Global Impression of Pain (CGI) severity, SF‐McGill pain questionnaire, BPI interference scale

Notes

Company sponsored and run trial

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Low risk

Randomisation performed at visit 3 in a 1:1:1 ratio. Assignment to treatment groups was determined by a computer‐generated random sequence using an interactive voice response system.

Allocation concealment?

Low risk

Participants received either of (or a combination of, depending on their randomly assigned treatment) the following: 30 mg capsules of duloxetine hydrochloride or placebo capsules identical to duloxetine capsules. Participants randomly assigned to each treatment group were instructed to take two capsules (by mouth) every morning and every evening.

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

Low risk

Dropouts were 52/340 (15%). Analysis was by intention‐to‐treat.

Free of selective reporting?

Low risk

See above

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Russell 2008

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, double‐blind, placebo controlled trial in fibromyalgia

Participants

Female and male outpatients > 18 years of age who met criteria for fibromyalgia as defined by the American College of Rheumatology. Participants were required to have a score > 4 on the average pain severity item (in the past 24 hours) of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI‐modified short form) at screening and at baseline. Patients with or without current major depressive disorder were included and evaluated for the presence of psychiatric disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Prior to randomisation, participants were required to discontinue any medications that might interfere with the evaluation of pain improvement, including analgesics (with the exception of up to 325 mg/day of aspirin for cardiac prophylaxis and paracetamol up to 2 g/day for pain), antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or other medications taken for fibromyalgia or pain.

520 participants

Interventions

Duloxetine 20 mg daily, 60 mg daily or 60 mg twice daily versus placebo

Outcomes

BPI average pain severity score, SF 36, patient global impression of clinical change

Notes

Company sponsored and run trial

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Low risk

Assignment to treatment groups was determined by a computer‐generated random sequence and each stratum (depressed and non‐depressed) was randomly assigned within sites to achieve a relative balance across treatments.

Allocation concealment?

Unclear risk

Unclear although other trials from the same group have been adequate

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

High risk

35 to 40% dropout at the 3 month interim analysis phase and up to 46% dropout for the 6 month phase. 'Intention‐to‐treat unless otherwise specified'. Safety analyses in all patients and others with data for at least 1 measure

Free of selective reporting?

Unclear risk

See above

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Wernicke 2006

Methods

Parallel group, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Participants

Male or female > 18 years and > 6 months diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain secondary to type 1 or 2 diabetes (distal and symmetrical). At randomisation score > 3 on Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument and average > 4 on 24 hour pain scale. Stable glucose control and HBA1c <12. Multiple exclusions including other pain medications except paracetamol and aspirin

334 participants

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg daily, 60 mg twice daily or placebo

Outcomes

24 hour average pain score (Likert 11‐point), SF‐36, BPI interference, patient reported global clinical impression of change, night pain, clinical global impression ‐ pain severity, clinical global impression of change

Notes

Company sponsored and run trial

Risk of bias

Bias

Authors' judgement

Support for judgement

Adequate sequence generation?

Low risk

Randomisation was performed at the site level in that randomisation codes were assigned to sites in blocks, but there was no further stratification. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment in a 1:1:1 ratio. Assignment to a treatment group was determined by a computer‐generated random sequence using an interactive voice response system (IVRS).

Allocation concealment?

Low risk

The IVRS was used to assign blister cards containing study drug to each patient

Blinding?
All outcomes

Low risk

Double‐blind

Incomplete outcome data addressed?
All outcomes

High risk

Drop outs were 29/114 (25%) in duloxetine 60 mg daily, 34/112 (30%) in duloxetine 60 mg twice daily and 23/108 (21.3%) in the placebo group.

Free of selective reporting?

Unclear risk

An intent‐to‐treat principle was used in the analyses of all efficacy variables. For each efficacy variable, the analysis included all randomised patients with a baseline and at least one non‐missing observation after baseline.

Free of other bias?

Low risk

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Study

Reason for exclusion

Brannan 2005

Analysis performed at only seven weeks of treatment. Excluded as predefined analysis at 8 weeks

Goldstein 2004

Trial of duloxetine in depression. Pain scales as secondary outcome measures only. It was not clear what sort of pain the participants had (for example musculoskeletal, neuropathic, headache) and the levels of pain at baseline were low compared to the included trials.

Raskin 2005a

Not a randomised controlled study but a report of three trials included in this review

Raskin 2006a

Not a double‐blind trial

Raskin 2006b

Open label study with dosage control only

Russell 2006

Summary report of 3 studies included in this review

Wernicke 2006b

Not double‐blind ‐ extension of Goldstein 2005

Wu 2006

Open study, not blinded

Characteristics of studies awaiting assessment [ordered by study ID]

Canovas 2007

Methods

Not known

Participants

Not known

Interventions

Not known

Outcomes

Not known

Notes

Skljarevski 2008

Methods

Not known

Participants

Not known

Interventions

Not known

Outcomes

Not known

Notes

Characteristics of ongoing studies [ordered by study ID]

Abbott 2007

Trial name or title

A global, multicenter, randomised, double‐blind, placebo controlled study comparing the safety and efficacy of ABT‐894, duloxetine and placebo in subjects with diabetic neuropathic pain

Methods

Randomised, double‐blind, placebo control, single group assignment, safety/efficacy study. Phase II

Participants

Male and female 18 to 75

Inclusion criteria:

  • The subject must have a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) and a diagnosis of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP).

  • Subject's DNP must be present for a minimum of six months and should have begun in the feet with relatively symmetrical onset.

  • Subject has an HgbA1c ≤ 9. Subjects who have an HgbA1c > 9 and ≤ 11 may be included in the study.

Interventions

Drug: ABT‐894, 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg twice daily
Drug: placebo
Drug: duloxetine 60 mg

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Efficacy of each ABT‐894 dose (1 mg, 2 mg or 4 mg BID) versus placebo in the treatment of pain due to DNP (time frame: change from baseline to final 24‐hour average pain score)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Proportions of treatment responders; subjects who complete treatment period with 30% improvement (time frame: from baseline to final 24‐hour average pain score)

  • Mean of 24‐hour worst pain severity, average of night pain, and average of morning pain measured by the 11‐point Likert scale and from subject's daily diary (time frame: weekly through treatment phase)

  • Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) (short form) including pain severity (time frame: at each visit from baseline to week 8 visit)

  • Clinician Global Impression: Severity (CGIS) and Patient Global Impression: Change (PGIC) (time frame: at each visit from baseline to week 8 visit) 

Starting date

July 2007 to October 2008

Contact information

Wolfram Nothaft, MD Abbott

Notes

Completed

Adolor Corporation 2007

Trial name or title

A phase 2a, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicenter study to assess the safety and efficacy of ADL5859 100 mg BID in subjects with neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Methods

Phase II randomised, double blind, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male and female subjects between 18 and 75 years of age. Diabetes mellitus (type I or II) that is documented to be under stable glycaemic control over a period of at least 3 months, as indicated by a HbgAIc of ≤ 12% and a stable dose of insulin or oral diabetic medication for 90 days prior to starting study medication. Evidence of symmetrical, bilateral pain in the lower extremities due to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Presence of daily pain due to DPN for at least 3 months. Score ≥ 3 on the physical examination portion of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Average weekly pain score of ≥ 4 on the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) for symmetrical neuropathic pain in the feet and legs

Interventions

Drug: ADL5859
Drug: duloxetine
Drug: placebo

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Change from baseline in mean pain intensity score (NPRS) (time frame: week 4)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Change from baseline in the mean NPRS proportion of subjects with 30% reduction in average pain score. (weekly)

  • Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) (time frame: week 4)

  • Change in Sleep Interference Scale (SIS) from baseline (time frame: week 4)

  • Change from baseline in the evening assessment of the 24‐hour overall mean pain intensity score (time frame: weekly)

  • Change from baseline in NPRS at rest in the clinic (time frame: weekly)

  • Change from baseline in NPRS after walking 50 feet in the clinic (time frame: weekly)

Starting date

November 2007. Completed August 2008

Contact information

Bruce Berger Adolor Corporation

Exton Office
700 Pennsylvania Drive
Exton, PA 19341
(484) 595‐1500

Notes

Baylor 2007

Trial name or title

Pilot study of use of duloxetine for the treatment of phantom limb pain

Methods

Non‐randomised, open label, uncontrolled, single group assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female 18 to 75 years

  1. Chronic phantom limb pain > 6 months

  2. Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire Sensory Pain Rating Index raw score >16

  3. Age >18 years old

  4. Inpatient or outpatient

  5. Able to come to all appointments

  6. Able to give informed consent

Interventions

Duloxetine

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure

  • McGill Short Form Pain Questionnaire

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Fiser Side Effect Scale

  • visual analogue pain scale

  • Present Pain Intensity

  • Paracetamol

Starting date

January to June 2007

Contact information

Asif Chaudhry, MD 713‐798‐7999 ext 96363

Ken Woods 713‐791‐1414 ext 2247

Notes

Completed

Eli Lilly 2005a

Trial name or title

A comparison of strategies for switching patients from amitriptyline to duloxetine for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Methods

Phase IV

Participants

Male or female 18 years or over. Diagnosed with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, taking the same dose of amitriptyline once daily at bedtime for at least four weeks. Stable glycaemic control

Interventions

Duloxetine switch from amitriptyline

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Subscale of the UKU side effect rating scale to be measured during the switch period. The weeks during which the switch occurs are blinded

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Daily: 24 hour average pain, worst pain, night pain; non steroidal anti‐inflammatory and paracetamol use

  • Weekly: Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, Brief Profile of Mood States, Clinical Global Impression of Severity. Visits 2, 7, 11: Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medic

Starting date

2005 completed 2007

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company 1‐877‐CTLILLY (1‐877‐285‐4559) or 1‐317‐615‐4559

Notes

Completed but not published

Eli Lilly 2006

Trial name or title

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain in China

Methods

Phase 3 randomised, double‐blind (subject, caregiver, investigator, outcomes assessor), placebo control, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female, 18 to 75, pain due to bilateral peripheral neuropathy caused by type I or type II diabetes with the pain beginning in the feet and present for at least 6 months. Score of 4 or greater on the Brief Pain Inventory on the 24‐hour average pain item

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg daily for 12 weeks

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Brief Pain Inventory 24‐hour average pain score (efficacy of duloxetine 60 to 120 mg daily)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • BPI worst pain, least pain, and current pain severity and average of 7 interference scores

  • Clinical Global Impression of Severity

  • Patient Global Impression of Improvement

  • EuroQoL Questionnaire ‐ 5 dimensions

  • Discontinuation rates

  • Tolerability of morning versus evening dosing, spontaneously reports adverse events

  • Athens Insomnia Scale 8‐item and 5‐item

  • Adverse events

  • Vital signs

  • Laboratory measures

Starting date

December 2006 to February 2008

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company 1‐877‐CTLILLY (1‐877‐285‐4559) or 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM ‐ 5 PM Eastern time UTC/GMT ‐ 5 hours, EST

Notes

Closed and completed

Eli Lilly 2006a

Trial name or title

Maintenance of effect of duloxetine 60 mg once daily in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Methods

Phase IV open label, uncontrolled, single group assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female 18 years or older. Have pain due to bilateral peripheral neuropathy caused by type I or type II diabetes with the pain beginning in the feet and present for at least 6 months. Score of 4 or greater on the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) on the 24‐hour average pain item

Interventions

All subjects receive duloxetine 30 mg daily, orally for 1 week followed by duloxetine 60 mg daily, orally for 7 weeks, then maintenance at 60 mg daily, orally for responders to 6 months and rescue at 120 mg daily, orally for non‐responders to 6 months

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • BPI 24‐hour average pain item score, maintenance effect of duloxetine 60 mg in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, who achieve 30% pain reduction at 8 weeks

Secondary outcome measures:

  • BPI 24‐hour average pain item, percentage of patients with a ≥ 50% reduction from visit 2 (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • BPI severity and interference item scores (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • Sensory portion of the Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • Discontinuation rates (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months) (designated as safety issue: yes)

  • Treatment‐emergent adverse events (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

  • Vital signs (time frame: over 8 weeks and 6 months)

Starting date

April 2006 to October 2007

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company 1‐877‐CTLILLY (1‐877‐285‐4559) or 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM ‐ 5 PM Eastern time UTC/GMT ‐ 5 hours, EST

Notes

Completed but publication status unclear

Eli Lilly 2006b

Trial name or title

A 1‐year safety study of duloxetine in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Methods

Phase III randomised, double‐blind, dose comparison, parallel assignment, safety study

Participants

Male or female 18 years or older who meet criteria for primary fibromyalgia syndrome as defined by the American College of Rheumatologists

Interventions

Duloxetine ? dose

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure:

  • Evaluate safety and efficacy of duloxetine in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Evaluate persistence of efficacy

  • Evaluate long‐term differences in efficacy in different doses

  • Evaluate gains in efficacy in non‐responders

Starting date

July 2005 completed March 2007

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company

1‐877‐CTLILLY(1‐877‐285‐4559) OR 1‐317‐615‐4559

Notes

Completed publication status unclear

Eli Lilly 2007

Trial name or title

A superiority study of LY248686 versus placebo in the treatment of patients With diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Methods

Randomised, double‐blind (subject, caregiver, investigator, outcomes assessor), placebo control, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study. Phase III

Participants

Male or female outpatients aged 20 years or older but less than 80 years at the time of consent.

  • Patients with pain due to bilateral peripheral neuropathy induced by type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. The pain must have been present for at least 6 months and be evaluable in feet, legs, or hands.

  • Patients with HbA1c less than or equal to 9.0 percent at visit 1.

  • Patients in whom HbA1c had been measured 42‐70 days before visit 1 and subsequent HbA1c levels have been within +/‐ 1.0 percent of the level at visit 1.

  • Patients with a mean of the 24‐hour average pain severity scores (round off to a whole number) of 4 or higher, as calculated from the patient diary for 7 days immediately before visit 2

Interventions

Duloxetine 40 mg or 60 mg orally daily versus placebo

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

Reduction in average pain severity as measured by an 11‐point Likert scale (Time Frame: 12 weeks)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Pain severity for worst pain and night pain as measured by an 11‐point Likert scale. (time frame: 3 months)

  • Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale to measure the degree of improvement at the time of assessment. (time frame: 3 months) 

  • Brief Pain Inventory to measure the severity of pain (time frame: 3 months)

  • Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) total score. (time frame: 3 months)

  • Safety (time frame: 3.5 months)

Starting date

November 2007 to August 2009

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company

1‐877‐CTLILLY(1‐877‐285‐4559) OR 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM‐5 PM Eastern time (UTC/GMT‐5 hours,EST)

Notes

Recruiting

Eli Lilly 2008

Trial name or title

An open‐label, randomised comparison of duloxetine, pregabalin, and the combination of duloxetine and gabapentin among patients with inadequate response to gabapentin for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain

Methods

Randomised, open label, uncontrolled, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female 18 years or older, diagnosed with diabetic neuropathic pain. Patient has an average daily pain score greater than or equal to 4 on an 11‐point Likert scale, and patient or provider feel that a change from the current gabapentin therapy for pain management is warranted. Patient is currently treated with gabapentin greater than or equal to 900 mg/d, has been prescribed the current dose for at least 4 weeks, and has been at least 80% compliant with dosing, according to patient report. Patient must agree not to change dose of gabapentin between visits 1 and 2. Stable glycaemic control

Interventions

Duloxetine, gabapentin, pregabalin

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure

Mean change from baseline, weekly mean of daily 24 hour average pain score, pregabalin to duloxetine

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Mean change from baseline, weekly mean of daily 24‐hour average pain score, duloxetine to duloxetine plus gabapentin

  • Mean change from baseline, weekly mean night pain

  • Mean change from baseline, Clinical Global Impression of Severity scale (CGI Severity)

  • Mean change from baseline, Patient's Global Impression of Improvement scale (PGI ‐ Improvement)

  • Mean change from baseline, Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) ‐ severity and interference portions

  • Response rate as defined by > 30% reduction in the weekly mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Mean change from baseline, Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire subscales of ease of going to sleep (GTS), awakening (AFS), and behaviour following wakefulness (BFW), quality of sleep (QOS)

  • Mean change from baseline, Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) ‐ total score and items work, family, social, days lost, days underproductive

  • Response rate defined by a reduction of > 50% in mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Response rate as defined by a > 2‐points reduction on the weekly average of the daily 24‐hour average pain scale

  • Summary of Serious Adverse Events and Treatment‐emergent adverse events

  • Summary of Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events leading to discontinuation

  • Changes in vital signs and weight including baseline to endpoint abnormal values at any time, and abnormal values at endpoint

  • Change in laboratory values, including baseline to endpoint, abnormal values at any time and abnormal values at endpoint

  • Mean change in change in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) total score and subscale scores, categorical change based on total score and subscales (better, same, worse)

  • Mean change in change in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) total score and subscale scores, categorical change based on total score and subscales (better, same, worse)

  • Mean change in Portland Neurotoxicity Scale total score, cognitive and somatomotor subscales, categorical change from baseline in total and subscales (better, same, worse)

  • Mean change in weekly mean worst pain score

  • Mean change in Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) total score

  • Relative contribution of mood states on weekly mean change in 24 hour average pain severity as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II) total score path analysis

  • Change in percent of patients using health care as measured by the resource utilization scale, individual items 2, 4, 9‐17, 19, 23 will be compared with baseline, categorical analysis for equal, lower or greater utilization

  • Summary of overall discontinuation rates

  • Time to first ≥ 30% reduction in weekly mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Time to first ≥ 50 % reduction in weekly mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Time to first sustained response (≥ 30% reduction) in weekly mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Time to first ≥ 2 points reduction in weekly mean 24 hour average pain score

  • Weekly mean change in 24 hour average pain severity +/‐ GAD

  • Per protocol analysis for weekly mean change from baseline in 24 hour average pain severity

  • Weekly mean change in 24 hour average pain severity by week by gabapentin exposure subgroup (de novo versus prior use)

  • Discontinuations for abnormal laboratory analyses, vital signs, overall and for each measure

Starting date

September 2006 ‐ October 2009

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company

1‐877‐CTLILLY(1‐877‐285‐4559) OR 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM‐5 PM Eastern time (UTC/GMT‐5 hours,EST)

Notes

Recruiting

Eli Lilly 2008a

Trial name or title

Flexible dosed duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia

Methods

Phase IV randomised, double‐blind (subject, caregiver, investigator, outcomes assessor), placebo control, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female patients.

  • Aged 18 and older who meet criteria for fibromyalgia as defined by the American College of Rheumatology

  • With a score of at least 4 on the average pain item of the BPI (modified short form) at visits 1 and 2

  • All females must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrolment

  • A degree of understanding such that the patient can provide informed consent, complete protocol required assessments and communicate intelligibly with the investigator and study coordinator

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 to 120 mg daily for 24 weeks

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure

  • Patient's Global Impressions of Improvement (PGII) (time frame: 24 weeks)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Brief Pain Inventory (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Beck Depression Inventory‐II (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Clinical Global Impressions of Severity (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Beck Anxiety Inventory (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • SF‐36 (Short‐form Health Survey) (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Massachusetts General Hospital Cognitive and Physical Functioning Questionnaire (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Anxious Likert Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Sleep Likert Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Pain Likert Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Stiffness Likert Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Mood Likert Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

  • Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (time frame: 24 weeks)

Starting date

June 2008 to February 2010

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company

1‐877‐CTLILLY(1‐877‐285‐4559) OR 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM‐5 PM Eastern time (UTC/GMT‐5 hours,EST)

Notes

Recruiting

Eli Lilly 2008b

Trial name or title

A superiority study of LY248686 versus placebo in the treatment of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ extension phase

Methods

Phase III randomised, open label, dose comparison, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study in Japan

Participants

Male or female 20 to 80 years

Outpatients who have completed the 13‐week treatment in the preceding study (Protocol No.0715N0831). Patients with latest HbA1c ≤ 9.0% before Visit 7

Interventions

Duloxetine 40 mg to 60 mg daily for 1 year

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure:

  • Safety (time frame: 1 year)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Patient Global Impression of Improvement scale to measure the degree of improvement at the time of assessment

  • Brief Pain Inventory to measure the severity of pain

  • Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) total score

Starting date

March 2008 to February 2010

Contact information

Eli Lilly and Company

1‐877‐CTLILLY(1‐877‐285‐4559) OR 1‐317‐615‐4559 Mon‐Fri 9 AM‐5 PM Eastern time (UTC/GMT‐5 hours,EST)

Notes

Recruiting

Germans Trias 2008

Trial name or title

Pilot, open, randomised clinical trial to assess the efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of fibromyalgy in patients with infection by HIV 1+

Methods

Phase III randomised, open label, active control, parallel assignment, safety/efficacy study

Participants

Male or female

  1. Patients aged 18 years old and more .

  2. Documented HIV‐1‐infection

  3. Former diagnosis of fibromyalgia

  4. History of good compliance with visit schedule and medication intake

  5. Patients voluntary signed the informed consent

Interventions

Duloxetine 60 mg daily

Outcomes

Primary outcome measure:

  • Variation in pain measured using the Brief Pain Inventory questionnaire in both branches of the study (time frame: basal visit, weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48)

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Assess differences in Short‐Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) questionnaire scale score (time frame: basal visit, weeks 12, 24 and 48)

  • Assess differences in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire scale score (time frame: basal visit, weeks 12, 24 and 48)

  • Assess differences in Profile of Mood States ‐ Forma A (POMS‐A) questionnaire scale score (time frame: basal visit, weeks 12, 24 and 48)

  • Assess the percentage of patients that leave duloxetine due to intolerance or toxicity (time frame: basal visit, weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48)

  • Assess, if possible, pharmacokinetic profile of duloxetine and determine interaction with antiretroviral drugs (time frame: basal visit, weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48)

Starting date

January 2007 to December 2009

Contact information

Negredo Eugenia, MD,PhD

Lluita contra la Sida Foundation

Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital

Badalona, Barcelona, Spain, 08916

Notes

Active not recruiting

University of Surrey 2007

Trial name or title

A double‐blind, randomised, parallel groups investigation into the effects of pregabalin, duloxetine and amitriptyline on aspects of pain, sleep, and next day performance in patients suffering from diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Methods

Phase II and III randomised, double‐blind, active control, parallel assignment

Participants

Male or female

  1. Eighteen years of age or above

  2. Have a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus for at least a year

  3. Agree not to smoke whilst resident in the CRC

  4. Able to understand the patient information sheet and provide written informed consent

  5. Score above 12 on the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (LANSS)

  6. Have neuropathic pain of diabetic origin

  7. Score above 25 on mini mental state examination (MMSE)

  8. Willing to withdraw, under the guidance of their diabetologist, from any current pain medication prior to their first visit to the sleep laboratory. Duration of withdrawal will be at least equivalent to five half‐lives and will be of a relevant duration given the particular medication used

Interventions

Duloxetine, amitriptyline and pregabalin

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Whether there is a reduction in subjective pain as assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory

Secondary outcome measures:

  • Whether there has been an improvement in sleep continuity and subjective sleep, morning after cognitive and psychomotor performance, and quality of life (QoL)

Starting date

February 2007 to December 2008

Contact information

Professor AN Nicholson

01483 683719

[email protected]

Notes

Recruiting

Wake Forest 2008

Trial name or title

Three way interaction between gabapentin, duloxetine, and donepezil in patients with diabetic neuropathy

Methods

Randomised, double‐blind (subject, investigator, outcomes assessor), parallel assignment

Participants

Male or female. Diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. Age 18 to 80

Interventions

Group 1: Donepezil 5 mg once per day for 12 weeks. Gabapentin will be added to all groups at week 9.

Group 2: Will receive duloxetine 30 mg twice a day for 12 weeks. Gabapentin will be added to all groups at week 9.

Group 3: Will receive a combination of donepezil 2.5 mg and duloxetine 30mg for 12 weeks. Gabapentin will be added to all groups at week 9.

Group 4: Will receive placebo pills. Gabapentin will be added to all groups at week 9.

Outcomes

Primary outcome measures:

  • Pain intensity measurements will be recorded twice daily, using McGill short form pain questionnaire on the handheld computer (PDA). The Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) will serve as the primary outcome measure (time frame: study completion (16 weeks))

Starting date

February 2008 to July 2010

Contact information

Regina Curry, RN, CCRC

336‐716‐4294

[email protected]

Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center

Winston‐Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157

Notes

Recruiting

Data and analyses

Open in table viewer
Comparison 1. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less.

1.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

213

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.98, 2.09]

1.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

655

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.65 [1.34, 2.03]

1.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

655

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.66 [1.35, 2.04]

1.4 All doses

3

1102

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.63 [1.35, 1.97]

2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

2.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

179

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.45 [‐1.05, 0.15]

2.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

618

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.04 [‐1.37, ‐0.71]

2.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

612

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.16 [‐1.49, ‐0.83]

3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

3.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

442

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [1.27, 1.83]

3.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

444

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.55 [1.30, 1.86]

3.3 All doses

2

667

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.54 [1.30, 1.82]

4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less.

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.27 [‐2.42, 1.88]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

410

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

2.51 [1.00, 4.01]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

409

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

2.80 [1.04, 4.55]

5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

1019

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.71, 2.64]

Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.11 [‐0.98, 3.20]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

410

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [‐0.12, 2.96]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

409

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.23 [0.69, 3.77]

6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

6.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

209

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.90 [‐2.37, 8.17]

6.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

421

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.58 [1.74, 9.42]

6.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.19 [4.33, 12.05]

7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less.

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

219

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.23 [‐0.56, 0.10]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

660

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.59 [‐0.78, ‐0.41]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

655

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.62 [‐0.80, ‐0.44]

8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less.

8.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

433

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.97 [‐1.38, ‐0.57]

8.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

428

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.16 [‐1.91, ‐0.41]

9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less.

9.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

222

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.28 [‐0.90, 0.34]

9.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

664

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.92 [‐1.27, ‐0.57]

9.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

664

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.10 [‐1.45, ‐0.75]

Open in table viewer
Comparison 2. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

1.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.39 [0.91, 2.14]

1.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

528

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.57 [1.20, 2.06]

1.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

727

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.73 [1.36, 2.19]

1.4 All doses

3

1072

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.71 [1.37, 2.13]

2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks Show forest plot

1

664

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.62 [1.25, 2.11]

Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks.

2.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

1

373

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.58 [1.10, 2.27]

2.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

1

291

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [1.15, 2.45]

3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

3.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

223

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.30 [0.94, 1.79]

3.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

528

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [1.24, 1.85]

3.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

523

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [1.24, 1.86]

3.4 All doses

2

868

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.50 [1.25, 1.80]

4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore.

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.81 [‐2.37, 3.99]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

515

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

3.31 [0.59, 6.02]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

691

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

3.09 [1.47, 4.70]

5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore.

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [‐1.92, 3.54]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

515

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.28 [‐0.33, 2.89]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

691

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.80 [0.50, 3.10]

6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore.

6.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

1

221

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.2 [3.20, 13.20]

6.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

403

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.42 [4.80, 12.03]

7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less.

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.54 [‐0.96, ‐0.12]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

519

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.45 [‐0.73, ‐0.18]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

513

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.54 [‐0.81, ‐0.26]

Open in table viewer
Comparison 3. Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event.

1.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

4

899

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.21 [1.12, 1.30]

1.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

688

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.19 [1.09, 1.30]

2 Nausea Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Nausea.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Nausea.

2.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.45 [0.71, 3.00]

2.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.26 [1.33, 3.83]

2.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.98 [2.00, 4.45]

3 Somnolence Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Somnolence.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Somnolence.

3.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.41, 2.43]

3.2 Duloxetine 60mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [1.62, 4.74]

3.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.61 [2.74, 7.74]

4 Dry mouth Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Dry mouth.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Dry mouth.

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.30, 2.47]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

602

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.05 [1.12, 3.77]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

519

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.41 [1.93, 6.04]

5 Dizziness Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Dizziness.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Dizziness.

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.33, 2.33]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.87 [1.15, 3.03]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.48 [1.55, 3.97]

6 Adverse event leading to cessation Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Adverse event leading to cessation.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Adverse event leading to cessation.

6.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

2

453

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.37 [0.78, 2.39]

6.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

5

1215

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [1.20, 2.32]

6.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

6

1414

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.30 [1.74, 3.05]

6.4 All doses

6

2220

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.93 [1.48, 2.52]

7 Serious adverse event Show forest plot

5

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Serious adverse event.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Serious adverse event.

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

5

1219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.65 [0.32, 1.33]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

5

1209

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [0.25, 1.35]

7.4 All doses

5

1856

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.33, 1.25]

Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy: Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at <12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy: Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at <12 weeks.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at <12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at <12 weeks.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Patient reported global impression of change.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: Patient reported global impression of change.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: BPI severity ‐ average pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of pain: BPI severity ‐ average pain.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia: >30% improvement <12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 7

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia: >30% improvement <12 weeks.

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia: SF36 Bodily Pain.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 8

Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia: SF36 Bodily Pain.

Adverse events leading to cessation of treatment.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 9

Adverse events leading to cessation of treatment.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy, Outcome 9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore.

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Nausea.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 2 Nausea.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Somnolence.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 3 Somnolence.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Dry mouth.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 4 Dry mouth.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Dizziness.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 5 Dizziness.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Adverse event leading to cessation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.6

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 6 Adverse event leading to cessation.

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Serious adverse event.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.7

Comparison 3 Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia, Outcome 7 Serious adverse event.

Duloxetine for treating painful neuropathy or chronic pain

Patient or population: patients with treating painful neuropathy or chronic pain

Settings:

Intervention: Duloxetine

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No of Participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Control

Duloxetine

Greater than 50% improvement of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily
11 point Likert score1
(follow‐up: 12 weeks)

288 per 10002

475 per 1000
(386 to 585)

RR 1.65
(1.34 to 2.03)

655
(3)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate3

Number needed to treat (NNT) for 50% or more improvement in pain with duloxetine 60 mg daily = 6 (CI 5 to 10)4

Improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily
11‐point Likert Scale. Scale from: 0 to 10.
(follow‐up: 12 weeks)

The mean improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ duloxetine 60 mg daily in the control groups was
‐1.62 on Likert pain scale

The mean Improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily in the intervention groups was
1.04 lower
(1.37 to 0.71 lower)

618
(3)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate5

Greater than 30% improvement in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain ‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily
11‐point Likert Scale6
(follow‐up: 12 weeks)

429 per 1000

656 per 1000
(545 to 785)

RR 1.53
(1.27 to 1.83)

442
(2)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate

NNT for 30% or more improvement in pain with duloxetine 60 mg daily = 5 (CI 3 to 8)

Greater than 50% improvement of fibromyalgia pain ‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily
11‐point Likert scale
(follow‐up: 12 weeks)

233 per 1000

366 per 1000
(280 to 480)

RR 1.57
(1.2 to 2.06)

528
(2)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate7

NNT for 50% or more improvement in fibromyalgia pain with duloxetine 60 mg daily = 8 (CI 5 to 17)

Adverse event leading to cessation ‐ Duloxetine 60 mg daily

83 per 1000

139 per 1000
(100 to 193)

RR 1.67
(1.2 to 2.32)

1215
(5)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderate

'Number needed to harm' (NNH) for cessation of duloxetine treatment at duloxetine 60 mg daily = 17 (CI 12 to 50)

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio;

GRADE Working Group grades of evidance
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

1 Titled 24 hour pain score or 24 hour pain severity

2 Assumed risks generated from placebo population

3 Three trials only all company sponsored and performed but all trials pre‐registered on clinical trials.gov have been published. No publication bias detected.

4 CI = confidence interval

5 Risk of bias relevant in 2 of 3 studies. Quality of evidence graded moderate because of high dropout and company sponsorship of all studies.

6 Titled 24 hour pain score or 24 hour pain severity

7 Risk of bias relevant in 2 of 3 studies. Quality of evidence graded moderate because of high dropout and company sponsorship of all studies.

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Number of patients with >50% improvement of pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

213

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.98, 2.09]

1.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

655

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.65 [1.34, 2.03]

1.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

655

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.66 [1.35, 2.04]

1.4 All doses

3

1102

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.63 [1.35, 1.97]

2 Mean improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

179

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.45 [‐1.05, 0.15]

2.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

618

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.04 [‐1.37, ‐0.71]

2.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

612

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.16 [‐1.49, ‐0.83]

3 Number of patients with >30% improvement in pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

442

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [1.27, 1.83]

3.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

444

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.55 [1.30, 1.86]

3.3 All doses

2

667

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.54 [1.30, 1.82]

4 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Physical subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.27 [‐2.42, 1.88]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

410

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

2.51 [1.00, 4.01]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

409

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

2.80 [1.04, 4.55]

5 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Mental Subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

1019

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [0.71, 2.64]

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.11 [‐0.98, 3.20]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

410

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [‐0.12, 2.96]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

409

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.23 [0.69, 3.77]

6 Mean improvement in SF‐36 Bodily Pain Subscore at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

209

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.90 [‐2.37, 8.17]

6.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

421

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.58 [1.74, 9.42]

6.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.19 [4.33, 12.05]

7 Mean improvement in Patient Reported Global Impression of Change at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

219

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.23 [‐0.56, 0.10]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

660

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.59 [‐0.78, ‐0.41]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

655

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.62 [‐0.80, ‐0.44]

8 Mean improvement in BPI severity ‐ average pain at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

433

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.97 [‐1.38, ‐0.57]

8.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

428

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.16 [‐1.91, ‐0.41]

9 Mean improvement in pain at rest (night pain) at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

222

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.28 [‐0.90, 0.34]

9.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

664

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.92 [‐1.27, ‐0.57]

9.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

664

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.10 [‐1.45, ‐0.75]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of painful neuropathy
Comparison 2. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.39 [0.91, 2.14]

1.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

528

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.57 [1.20, 2.06]

1.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

727

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.73 [1.36, 2.19]

1.4 All doses

3

1072

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.71 [1.37, 2.13]

2 Number of patients with = or >50% improvement of pain at >12 weeks Show forest plot

1

664

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.62 [1.25, 2.11]

2.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

1

373

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.58 [1.10, 2.27]

2.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

1

291

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [1.15, 2.45]

3 Number of patients with = or >30% improvement of pain at = or <12 weeks Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

223

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.30 [0.94, 1.79]

3.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

528

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [1.24, 1.85]

3.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

523

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [1.24, 1.86]

3.4 All doses

2

868

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.50 [1.25, 1.80]

4 Mean improvement in the SF36 mental component summary subscore Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.81 [‐2.37, 3.99]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

515

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

3.31 [0.59, 6.02]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

691

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

3.09 [1.47, 4.70]

5 Mean improvement in the SF36 physical component summary subscore Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [‐1.92, 3.54]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

515

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.28 [‐0.33, 2.89]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

691

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.80 [0.50, 3.10]

6 Mean improvement in the SF36 Bodily Pain subscore Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

1

221

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.2 [3.20, 13.20]

6.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

403

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.42 [4.80, 12.03]

7 Mean improvement in the patient reported global impression of change at 12 weeks or less Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

223

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.54 [‐0.96, ‐0.12]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

519

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.45 [‐0.73, ‐0.18]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

513

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.54 [‐0.81, ‐0.26]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Duloxetine versus placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia
Comparison 3. Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Proportion of patients with any adverse event Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

4

899

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.21 [1.12, 1.30]

1.2 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

688

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.19 [1.09, 1.30]

2 Nausea Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.45 [0.71, 3.00]

2.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.26 [1.33, 3.83]

2.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.98 [2.00, 4.45]

3 Somnolence Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.41, 2.43]

3.2 Duloxetine 60mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [1.62, 4.74]

3.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.61 [2.74, 7.74]

4 Dry mouth Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.30, 2.47]

4.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

2

602

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.05 [1.12, 3.77]

4.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

2

519

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.41 [1.93, 6.04]

5 Dizziness Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

1

230

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.33, 2.33]

5.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

3

824

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.87 [1.15, 3.03]

5.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

3

739

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.48 [1.55, 3.97]

6 Adverse event leading to cessation Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

2

453

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.37 [0.78, 2.39]

6.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

5

1215

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.67 [1.20, 2.32]

6.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

6

1414

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.30 [1.74, 3.05]

6.4 All doses

6

2220

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.93 [1.48, 2.52]

7 Serious adverse event Show forest plot

5

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Duloxetine 20 mg daily

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7.2 Duloxetine 60 mg daily

5

1219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.65 [0.32, 1.33]

7.3 Duloxetine 120 mg daily

5

1209

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [0.25, 1.35]

7.4 All doses

5

1856

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.33, 1.25]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Duloxetine versus placebo: adverse events during first 12 weeks of treatment for painful neuropathy or fibromyalgia