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Ginseng para la cognición
JinSong Geng, JianCheng Dong, Hengjian Ni, Myeong Soo Lee, Taixiang Wu, Kui Jiang, GuoHua Wang, Ai Ling Zhou, Reem Malouf | 8 diciembre 2010

Respuestas clínicas Cochrane

Topics

Temas

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 1 attention, Herwig's test (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 1 attention, Herwig's test (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 2 information, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 2 information, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 3 orientation, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 3 orientation, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 4 mental control, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 4 mental control, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 5 immediate logic recall, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 5 immediate logic recall, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 6 digit memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 6 digit memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 7 visual memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 7 visual memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 8 associate learning, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 8 associate learning, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 9 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 9 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 10 intelligence ‐ Kohs cubes test (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 10 intelligence ‐ Kohs cubes test (change from baseline).

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Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 11 number of patients with at least one adverse event during procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo, Outcome 11 number of patients with at least one adverse event during procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days.

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Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 1 withdrawals during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 1 withdrawals during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years.

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Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 2 withdrawals due to adverse event during the treatment with procaine (KH3) 50 mg/day 2 years.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 2 withdrawals due to adverse event during the treatment with procaine (KH3) 50 mg/day 2 years.

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Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 3 death during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo, Outcome 3 death during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years.

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Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 1 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 1 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 2 figure‐drawing, Bender gestalt test (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 2 figure‐drawing, Bender gestalt test (change from baseline).

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Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 3 intellectual capacity, Raven's Progressive Matrices (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 3 intellectual capacity, Raven's Progressive Matrices (change from baseline).

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Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 4 premorbid intelligence level, Mill Hill vocabulary scale (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 4 premorbid intelligence level, Mill Hill vocabulary scale (change from baseline).

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Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 5 overall changes from baseline.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.5

Comparison 3 Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo, Outcome 5 overall changes from baseline.

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Comparison 4 Procaine vs placebo, Outcome 1 total adverse events.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Procaine vs placebo, Outcome 1 total adverse events.

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. procaine compared to placebo for cognitive enhancement and dementia

procaine compared to placebo for cognitive enhancement and dementia

Patient or population: "healthy" old persons and demented women
Settings:
Intervention: procaine 1

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No of Participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Control

procaine

cognitive function improvement in "healthy" elderly persons
Wechsler's memory scale2
Follow‐up: 30 days

Medium risk population

OR 12.71
(3.81 to 42.42)

81
(1 study)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
low3,4,5

100 per 1000

585 per 1000
(297 to 825)

cognitive function improvement in demented women
Wechsler's memory scale2
Follow‐up: 30 days

Medium risk population

OR 0.04
(0 to 1.12)

12
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low3,5,6

667 per 1000

74 per 1000
(0 to 692)

overall changes from baseline in "healthy persons7 ‐ not measured

See comment

See comment

Not estimable7

‐

See comment

overall changes from baseline in demented women
Follow‐up: 30 days

Medium risk population

OR 0.04
(0 to 0.83)

12
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very low3,5,6

833 per 1000

166 per 1000
(0 to 805)

total adverse events in "healthy" persons
Follow‐up: 30 days to 2 years

Low risk population8

OR 7.3
(2.13 to 25.02)

415
(2 studies)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
low3,4,9

10 per 1000

69 per 1000
(21 to 202)

High risk population8

20 per 1000

130 per 1000
(42 to 338)

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio;

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

1 procaine was used for 30 days in two studies and for 2 years in one other study
2 memory quotient rated as improved ‐ not improved related to the baseline
3 randomisation not detailed
4 not really "healthy" subjects
5 short trial without follow up
6 small number of patients
7 no data about overall changes
8 different length of two trials and different way of administration: i.m. and per os
9 one trial was very short without follow up and one trial reported only side effects causing withdrawals

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. procaine compared to placebo for cognitive enhancement and dementia
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Comparison 1. Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 attention, Herwig's test (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.59 [0.64, 3.95]

2 information, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.13 [0.24, 110.20]

3 orientation, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.0 [0.12, 75.85]

4 mental control, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.74 [2.31, 33.05]

5 immediate logic recall, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.40 [0.98, 5.93]

6 digit memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

18.11 [2.24, 146.55]

7 visual memory, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

10.97 [1.32, 91.22]

8 associate learning, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

12.95 [3.44, 48.79]

9 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

12.71 [3.81, 42.42]

10 intelligence ‐ Kohs cubes test (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.31, 3.07]

11 number of patients with at least one adverse event during procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days Show forest plot

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.03 [0.94, 68.60]

11.1 number of patients with at least one adverse event during procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.03 [0.94, 68.60]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Procaine 200 mg/day i.m. during 30 days vs placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 2. Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 withdrawals during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years

1

334

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.78 [0.96, 3.29]

2 withdrawals due to adverse event during the treatment with procaine (KH3) 50 mg/day 2 years Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 withdrawals due to adverse event during the treatment with procaine (KH3) 50 mg/day 2 years

1

334

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.96 [1.55, 31.36]

3 death during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 death during the treatment with procaine/hematoporphyrin 50 mg/day 2 years

1

334

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.48, 1.86]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Procaine/hematoporphyrin (KH3) 50 mg/day per os during 2 years vs placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 3. Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 memory quotient, Wechsler's Memory Scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 gerioptil H3 12 injections/1 month

1

12

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.00, 1.12]

2 figure‐drawing, Bender gestalt test (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 gerioptil H3 12 injections/1 month

1

12

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.05, 5.15]

3 intellectual capacity, Raven's Progressive Matrices (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 gerioptil H3 12 injections/1 month

1

12

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [0.05, 5.15]

4 premorbid intelligence level, Mill Hill vocabulary scale (change from baseline) Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 gerioptil H3 12 injections/1 month

1

12

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.25 [0.02, 2.76]

5 overall changes from baseline Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 gerioptil H3 12 injections/1 month

1

12

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [0.00, 0.83]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Procaine (gerioptil H3) 12 injections/1 month i.m. vs placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión
Comparison 4. Procaine vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 total adverse events Show forest plot

2

415

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

7.30 [2.13, 25.02]

1.1 number of patients with at least one adverse event during procaine 10 ml/day after 30 days

1

81

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.03 [0.94, 68.60]

1.2 withdrawals due to adverse event during the treatment with procaine (KH3) 50 mg/day 2 years

1

334

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

6.96 [1.55, 31.36]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Procaine vs placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión