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Study flow diagram: review update.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram: review update.

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Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included trial.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included trial.

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Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included trials.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included trials.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.1 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.1 Death.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.4 Endotracheal intubation.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.4 Endotracheal intubation.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.5 Surfactant administration.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, outcome: 1.5 Surfactant administration.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 1 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 1 Death.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 2 Apgar at 1 minute.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 2 Apgar at 1 minute.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 3 Apgar at 5 minutes.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 3 Apgar at 5 minutes.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 4 Endotracheal intubation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 4 Endotracheal intubation.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 5 Surfactant administration.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 5 Surfactant administration.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 6 Need for mechanical ventilation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 6 Need for mechanical ventilation.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 7 Duration of NCPAP.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 7 Duration of NCPAP.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 8 Duration of mechanical ventilation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 8 Duration of mechanical ventilation.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 9 Duration of respiratory support (NCPAP + MV).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 9 Duration of respiratory support (NCPAP + MV).

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 10 Duration of supplemental oxygen requirement.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 10 Duration of supplemental oxygen requirement.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 11 Chronic lung disease.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 11 Chronic lung disease.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 12 Pneumothorax.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.12

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 12 Pneumothorax.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 13 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.13

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 13 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 14 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.14

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 14 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3.

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Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 15 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.15

Comparison 1 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions, Outcome 15 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 1 Death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 1 Death.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 2 Endotracheal intubation.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 2 Endotracheal intubation.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 3 Surfactant administration.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 3 Surfactant administration.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 4 Chronic lung disease.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 4 Chronic lung disease.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 5 Pneumothorax.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 5 Pneumothorax.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 6 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 6 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 7 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3.

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Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 8 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.8

Comparison 2 Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions, Outcome 8 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions during resuscitation

Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions during resuscitation

Patient or population: preterm infants resuscitated using PPV at birth

Settings: delivery room in Europe (Austria, Germany, Italy), Canada, Egypt, Thailand
Intervention: sustained inflation with no chest compressions
Comparison: standard inflations with no chest compressions

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No. of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions

Use of initial sustained inflation

Death ‐ death in the delivery room

Study population

RR 2.66
(0.11 to 63.4)

479
(5 studies)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
lowa,b

0 per 1000

0 per 1000
(0 to 0)

Death ‐ death before discharge

Study population

RR 1.01
(0.67 to 1.51)

932
(7 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

82 per 1000

83 per 1000
(55 to 124)

Need for mechanical ventilation

Study population

RR 0.87
(0.74 to 1.03)

484
(3 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

487 per 1000

424 per 1000
(360 to 502)

Chronic lung disease ‐ BPD any grade

Study population

RR 0.9
(0.69 to 1.19)

220
(2 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

483 per 1000

435 per 1000
(333 to 575)

Chronic lung disease ‐ moderate to severe BPD

Study population

RR 0.95
(0.74 to 1.22)

683
(5 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

257 per 1000

244 per 1000
(190 to 314)

Pneumothorax ‐ any time

Study population

RR 1.44
(0.76 to 2.72)

851
(6 studies)

⊕⊕⊝⊝
lowa,c

33 per 1000

48 per 1000
(25 to 90)

Cranial ultrasound abnormalities ‐ intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 to 4

Study population

RR 0.89
(0.58 to 1.37)

635
(5 studies)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

120 per 1000

107 per 1000
(70 to 164)

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate

Assumed risk is the risk of the control arm.

aLimitations in study design: all studies at high or unclear risk of bias in at least one domain
bImprecision: few events
cImprecision: wide confidence intervals

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions during resuscitation
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Summary of findings 2. Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions during resuscitation

Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions during resuscitation

Patient or population: preterm infants resuscitated by PPV at birth

Settings: delivery room in Europe (Austria, Germany, Italy), Canada, Egypt, Thailand
Intervention: sustained inflation with chest compressions
Comparison: standard inflations with chest compressions

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No. of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions

Use of initial sustained inflation

Death ‐ death before discharge

See comment

See comment

Not estimable

9
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very lowa,b

Only 1 trial included

Chronic lung disease ‐ moderate to severe BPD

See comment

See comment

Not estimable

7
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very lowa,b

Only 1 trial included

Pneumothorax ‐ any time

See comment

See comment

Not estimable

9
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very lowa,b

Only 1 trial included

Cranial ultrasound abnormalities ‐ intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 to 4

See comment

See comment

Not estimable

9
(1 study)

⊕⊝⊝⊝
very lowa,b

Only 1 trial included

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: confidence interval

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate

Assumed risk is the risk of the control arm.

aLimitations in study design: included study at high or unclear risk of bias in four domains
bImprecision (downgraded by two levels): extremely low sample size, few events

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings 2. Use of initial sustained inflation compared with standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions during resuscitation
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Table 1. Populations and interventions in included trials

Trial

(no. infants)

Antenatal steroids

Gestational age, weeks

Birth weight, grams

Device/Interface

Interventions/Controls

SLI

Control

SLI

Control

SLI

Control

SLI and control

SLI

Control

El‐Chimi 2017 (112)

39%

34.5%

mean 31.1 (SD 1.7)

mean 31.3 (SD 1.7)

mean 1561 (SD 326)

mean 1510 (SD 319)

Mask and T‐piece in SLI group

Mask and self‐inflating bag with an oxygen reservoir in control group

PIP of 20 cmH2O for 15 seconds, followed by PEEP of 5 cmH2O

If needed: a second SLI of 15 seconds of 25 cmH2O for 15 seconds, followed by PEEP of 6 cmH2O; then a third SLI of 15 seconds of 30 cmH2O for 15 seconds, followed by PEEP of 7 cmH2O

If still not satisfactory: intubated in delivery room

PIP maximum 40 cmH2O, rate of 40 to 60 breaths/min for 30 seconds

Jiravisitkul 2017 (81)

63%

74%

25 to 28 weeks:
n = 17;

29 to 32 weeks:
n = 26

25 to 28 weeks:
n = 16;

29 to 32 weeks:
n = 22

mean 1206 (SD 367)

mean 1160 (SD 411)

Mask and T‐piece

PIP of 25 cmH2O for 15 seconds

If HR 60 to 100 beats/min and/or poor respiratory effort: a second SLI (25 cmH2O, 15 seconds)

PIP 15 to 20 cmH2O, PEEP 5 cmH2O for 30 seconds, followed by resuscitation according to AHA guidelines

Lindner 2005 (61)

81%

80%

median 27.0 (IQR 25.0 to 28.9)

median 26.7 (IQR 25.0 to 28.9)

median 870 (IQR 410 to 1320)

median 830 (IQR 370 to 1370)

Nasopharyngeal tube (fixed at 4 to 5 cm) and mechanical ventilator

PIP of 20 cmH2O for 15 seconds

If response was not satisfactory: 2 further SLIs of 15 seconds (25 and 30 cmH2O). Then PEEP at 4 to 6 cmH2O

PIP 20 cmH2O, PEEP 4 to 6 cmH2O; inflation time 0.5 seconds; inflation rate 60 per min. Then, PEEP at 4 to 6 cmH2O

Lista 2015 (301)

87%

91%

mean 26.8 (SD 1.2);

25 to 26 weeks:
n = 55

27 to 28 weeks:
n = 88

mean 26.8 (SD 1.1);

25 to 26 weeks:
n = 52;

27 to 28 weeks:
n = 96

mean 894 (SD 247)

mean 893 (SD 241)

Mask and T‐piece

PIP 25 cmH2O for 15 seconds. Then reduced to PEEP of 5 cmH2O

PEEP 5 cmH2O, followed by resuscitation according to AHA guidelines

Mercadante 2016 (185)

40%

32%

mean 35.2 (SD 0.8)

mean 35.2 (SD 0.8)

mean 2345 (SD 397)

mean 2346 (SD 359)

Mask and T‐piece

PIP 25 cmH2O for 15 seconds, followed by PEEP of 5 cmH2O. In case of persistent heart failure (HR < 100 bpm): SLI repeated

PEEP 5 cmH2O, followed by resuscitation according to AAP guidelines

Ngan 2017 (162)

78%

70%

mean 28 (SD 2.5)

mean 28 (SD 2.5)

mean 1154 (SD 426)

mean 1140 (SD 406)

Mask and T‐piece

Two PIPs of 24 cmH2O. Duration of first SLI was 20 seconds. Duration of second SLI was 20 or 10 seconds, guided by ECO2 values. After SLIs, CPAP if breathing spontaneously or, if found to have apnoea or laboured breathing, mask IPPV at a rate of 40 to 60 bpm

IPPV, rate of 40 to 60 inflations/min until spontaneous breathing, at which time CPAP will be provided

Schmölzer 2015 (9)

80%a

100%a

mean 24.6 (SD 1.3)a

mean 25.6 (SD 2.3)a

mean 707 (SD 208)a

mean 808 (SD 192)a

Mask and T‐piecea

PIP for 20 + 20 secondsa during chest compressions

3:1 compression:ventilation ratio according to resuscitation guidelines

Schwaberger 2015 (40)

not reported

not reported

mean 32.1 (SD 1.4)

mean 32.1 (SD 1.6)

mean 1692 (SD 297)

mean 1722 (SD 604)

Mask and T‐piece

PIP 30 cmH2O for 15 seconds, to be repeated once or twice with HR remaining < 100 bpm. Infants with HR > 100 bpm: PPV at 30 cmH2O PIP or CPAP at PEEP level of 5 cmH2O depending on respiratory rate

Resuscitation according to AHA guidelines

PEEP 5 cmH2O if respiratory rate > 30 and signs of respiratory distress

PPV at 30 cmH2O PIP if

insufficient breathing efforts

aInformation provided by study authors

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Populations and interventions in included trials
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Comparison 1. Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Death Show forest plot

7

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Death in the delivery room

5

479

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.66 [0.11, 63.40]

1.2 Death before discharge

7

932

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.67, 1.51]

2 Apgar at 1 minute Show forest plot

5

529

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.08 [‐0.26, 0.09]

3 Apgar at 5 minutes Show forest plot

6

641

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.02 [‐0.13, 0.08]

4 Endotracheal intubation Show forest plot

7

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Endotracheal intubation in the delivery room

5

601

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.62, 1.19]

4.2 Endotracheal intubation within 24 hours

2

225

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.4 [0.53, 3.68]

4.3 Endotracheal intubation by 72 hours of age

5

811

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.79, 1.09]

5 Surfactant administration Show forest plot

7

1267

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.01 [0.89, 1.15]

5.1 Surfactant given in the delivery room

3

335

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.82, 2.49]

5.2 Surfactant given at any time

7

932

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.86, 1.10]

6 Need for mechanical ventilation Show forest plot

3

484

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.74, 1.03]

7 Duration of NCPAP Show forest plot

3

355

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.26 [‐0.19, 0.72]

8 Duration of mechanical ventilation Show forest plot

5

524

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.37 [‐6.31, ‐4.43]

9 Duration of respiratory support (NCPAP + MV) Show forest plot

2

243

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.23, 1.16]

10 Duration of supplemental oxygen requirement Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

11 Chronic lung disease Show forest plot

6

903

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.77, 1.13]

11.1 BPD any grade

2

220

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.69, 1.19]

11.2 Moderate to severe BPD

5

683

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.95 [0.74, 1.22]

12 Pneumothorax Show forest plot

7

932

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.40 [0.76, 2.61]

12.1 During first 48 hours

1

81

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.06, 13.65]

12.2 At any time

6

851

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.44 [0.76, 2.72]

13 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3‐4

5

635

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.58, 1.37]

13.2 IVH any grade

2

152

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.40, 1.69]

13.3 Cystic periventricular leukomalacia

5

635

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [0.24, 1.44]

14 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3 Show forest plot

5

632

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.44, 1.10]

15 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 PDA ‐ pharmacological treatment

6

745

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.08 [0.90, 1.30]

15.2 PDA ‐ surgical closure

3

412

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.73 [0.27, 1.99]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with no chest compressions
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Comparison 2. Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Death Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Death before discharge

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Endotracheal intubation Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Endotracheal intubation in the delivery room

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

3 Surfactant administration Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3.1 Surfactant given in the delivery room

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

4 Chronic lung disease Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

4.1 Moderate to severe BPD

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

5 Pneumothorax Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

5.1 At any time

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6 Cranial ultrasound abnormalities Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

6.1 Intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 to 4

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

6.2 IVH any grade

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

7 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage ≥ 3 Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

8 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

8.1 PDA ‐ pharmacological treatment

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Use of initial sustained inflation vs standard inflations in newborns receiving resuscitation with chest compressions
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