TCM term

Definition

Qi

In the theory of TCM, "qi" is considered as a life force or energy in every body. "Qi" must be kept balanced and flow freely to keep organs working well. When "qi" is blocked in certain part of the body, the organs involved get sick and people can have a pain there. Therefore, as expressed below, constrained "gan qi"should be released to make"qi" flow freely so that liver can work well and"qi"be regulated to flow freely so that pain is relieved. And also, when "qi"of lung is not balanced, such as being lost by ascending out, people may cough and "qi" must be put down to maintain adequate amount of "qi" in lung

Wind‐cold type cold

If it manifests itself in more severe chilliness, slight fever, a tongue with thin and white fur then it belongs to the exterior syndrome caused by wind and cold, and should be treated with strong perspiration drugs pungent in taste and warm in property, to dispel the wind and cold

Wind‐heat type cold

If its manifestations are more severe fever, milder chilliness, a tongue with thin and yellow fur, then it belongs to the exterior syndrome caused by wind and heat

Latin name

Common name

Properties, tastes

Function

Herba Schizonepetae

Schizonepeta

Pungent, slightly warm

1. Expel wind, release the symptoms. 2. Promote the formation of eruption. 3. Stop bleeding and ablate boils. 4. Restrains and kills bacteria. 5. Tranquilliser, analgesic. 6. Anti‐inflammation, anti allergy

Radix Ledebouriellae

Ledebouriella root

Pungent, slightly warm

1. Expel wind and relieve the symptoms. 2. Expel wind, dampness and alleviates pain. 3. Antipyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesic. 4. Relieve spasms. 5. Stops diarrhoea

Radix Bupleuri

Bupleurum root

Pungent, bitter and slightly cold

1. Reduce and disperse fever. 2. Relax constrained "gan qi" and alleviate mental depression. 3. Improve immune function. 4. Regulate the flow of "qi" to relieve pain. 5. Tranquillises the mind, stop coughing. 6. Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐influenza, anti‐mycobacterium, tuberculosis. 7. Reduce plasma cholesterol. 8. Strengthen body immunity

Radix Peucedani

Peucedanum root

Bitter, sour and slightly cold

1. Descend "qi" and expel phlegm. 2. Disperse wind heat. 3. Dilate coronary artery. 4. Inhibit influenza virus. 5. Relieve pain, tranquilliser

Radix Platycodi

Platycodon root

Bitter, sour, medium

1. Promote the dispersing function of the lungs, relieve sore throat. 2. Expel phlegm and evacuate pus. 3. Relieve cough. 4. Anti‐inflammatory. 5. Tranquilliser, relieve pain and reduce fever. 6. Inhibit gastric juice secretion, anti‐gastric ulcer. 7. Reduce blood sugar. 8. Reduce blood lipid

Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens

Fresh ginger

Pungent, slightly warm

1. Induce diaphoresis and relieve the symptoms. 2. Warm the mid section of the abdomen and alleviate vomiting. 3. Warm the lungs to arrest cough. 4. Reduce the poisonous effect of other herbs

Fructus Forsythiae

Forsythia fruit

Bitter, slightly cold

1. Clear away pathogenic fever from the body. 2. Treat boils and resolve masses. 3. Control influenza virus. 4. Resist bacteria. 5. Reduce diuresis. 6. Resist hepatic injury. 7. Relieve vomiting

Radix Isatidis

Isatis root

Bitter, cold

1. Clear away heat and toxic material. 2. Remove pathogenic heat from blood and relieve sore throat. 3. Resist virus. 4. Resist bacteria

Radix Puerariae

Pueraria root

Sweet, pungent and cool

1. Reduce fever. 2. Stimulate the rash of measles to appear on surface of skin. 3. Control diarrhoea. 4. Relieve spasms. 5. Invigorate vital function and promote the production of body fluid. 6. Reduce blood pressure. 7. Relieve coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. 8. Improve cerebral circulation

Folium Mori

Mulberry leaf

Bitter, sweet and cold

1. Expel wind and clear heat from the lungs. 2. Clear the liver and the eyes. 3. Remove heat from blood to arrest bleeding. 4. Restrain and kill bacteria. 5. Lower blood pressure, reduce blood lipid

Flos Chrysanthemi

Chrysanthemum

Pungent, sweet, bitter and slightly cold

1. Disperse wind and clear heat. 2. Clear away liver heat and brighten the eyes. 3. Restrain and kill bacteria, anti‐inflammation. 4. Increase volume of blood flow of coronary artery. 5. Increase oxygen consumption of heart. 6. Reduce blood pressure

Fructus Arctii

Chrysanthemum

Pungent, bitter, and cold

1. Disperse wind heat. 2. Reduce fever and relieve swelling. 3. Benefit the throat. 4. Stimulate rashes to appear on surface of skin

Study ID

Interventions

Recovery

Marked improvement

Partial improvement

No improvement

defervescence

Symptoms clearance

Adverse reaction

Interpretation

Xue 1999

Ganmao capsule versus amantadine

RR 5.17, 95% CI 3.82 to 6.99

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Data not available

Adverse reaction in alimentary tract was mentioned in control group but data was not available

Ganmao Capsule can improve recovery better than amantadine with statistical difference at the end of two days of treatment

Shi 2004

E Shu You versus ribavirine

RR 2.18, 95% CI 0.87 to 5.43

RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.45 to 2.29

RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.36 to 2.27

RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.17

Data not available

Data not available

RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.73

There were no significant differences between E Shu You and ribavirine in the effectiveness and adverse reactions for treating influenza

Study ID

TCMs preparation

English TCM name

Pinyin TCM name

Yao 2003

Modified Ganlu Xiaodu Dan

Blackberrykiky Rhizome 10 g, Drug Sweetlad Rhizome 10 g, Sichuan Fritillaria bulb 10 g, Scutellaria Root 10 g, Villous Amomum Fruit 6 , Virgate Wormwood Herb 30 g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 10 g, Peppermint 10 g, Bentong 10 g, Liuyisan 15 g, Fortune Eupatorium Herb 10 g, Indigowoad Root 30 g, Indigowoad Leaf 30 g

Shegan 10 g, Changpu 10 g, Chuanbei 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Sharen 6 , Yinchen 30 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Bohe 10 g, Bentong 10 g, Liuyisan 15 g, Peiian 10 g, Banlangen 30 g, Daqingye 30 g

Yuan 2003

Jiang Fang Yin Qiao Tang

Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Divaricate Saposhinikovia Root 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Weeping Forsythiae capsule 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Whiteflower Hogfennel Root 10 g, Peppermint 5 g, Kudzuvine Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 15 g, Fresh Liquorate Root 5 g

Jingjie 10 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Yinhua 15 g, Lianqiao 15 g, Qianghuo 10 g, Chaihu 15 g, Jiegeng 10 g, Qianhu 10 g, Bohe 5g, Gegen 10 g, Daqingye 15 g, Shenggancao 15 g

Jiang 1981

Baihua Baijiang Chongji

Whiteflower Patrinia Herb

Baijiangcao

Xue 1999

Ganmao Capsule

Japanese Honeysuckle stem, Baical Skullcap Root, Platycodon Root, Bitter Apricot Seed, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb, Divaricate Saposhicicovia Root, Fresh Liquoric Root

Rendongteng, Huangqi, Jiegeng, Xingren, Jingjie, Fangfeng, Shenggancao

Wang 2001

Modified Qiang Bang Pu Bo Tang he Chai Pin Tang

Incised Notopterygium Rhyzome, Great Burdock Achene, Mongolian Dandelion Herb, Peppermint, Red Thorowax Root, Baical Skullcap Root, Pinellia Tuber, Tangerine Peel, Swordlike Atractylodes Rhizome, Officinal Magnolia Bark

Qianghuo, Niubangzi, Pugongying, Bohe, Chaihu, Huangqin, Banxia, Chenpi, Cangshu, Houpu

Wang 2001

Qing Kai Ling

Cholic acid, Nacre, Hyodeoxycholic acid, Cape Jasmine Fruit, Buffalo Horn, Indigowoad Root, Baical Skullcap Root, Honeysuckle flower

Danshuan, Zhenzhumu, Zhu Quyang Dansuan, Zhizi, Shuiniujiao, Banlangen, Huangqingan, Jinyinhua

Yu 2000

Liugan Heji

Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Divaricate Saposhinikovia Root 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Weeping Forsythiae capsule 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Whiteflower Hogfennel Root 10 g, Peppermint 5g, Kudzuvine Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 15 g, Fresh Liquorate Root 5g

Jinyinhua 15 g, Lianqiao15 g, Banlangen 20 g, Daqingye 20 g, Jingjie 10 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Sangye 10 g, Shigao 30 g, Huangqin 12g, Jiegeng 10 g, Xingren 10 g, Gancao 10 g

Yu 2000

Fufang Daqingye

Indigowoad leaf, Honeysuckle Flower, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome, Bistort Rhizome, Rhubarb

Daqingye, Jinyinhua, Qianghuo, Quanshen, Dahuang

Du 1991

Bo Hao Sanhua Yin

Peppermint 10 g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 10 g, Chrysanthemum 10 g, Common Goldenod Herb 10 g, Cassia Twig 2 g

Bohe 10 g, Qinghao 10 g, Yinhua 10 g, Juhua 10 g, Yizhihuanghua 10 g, Guizhi 2 g

Yang 2000b

Chai Ge Jieji Tang Jiawei

Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Kudzuvine Root 30 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 30 g, Platycodon Root 12 g, Crude Gypsum 30 g, Baical Skullcap Root 12g, White Paeony Root 10 g, Dahurian Angelica Root 12g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 30 g, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root 10 g, Tangerine Peel 10 g, Liquoric Root 10 g, Fresh Ginger 6 g , Chinese Date 10 g

Chaihu 10 g, Gegen 30 g, Qianghuo 30 g, Jiegeng 12 g, Shengshigao 30, Huangqin 12g, Baishao 10 g, Baizhi 12g, Lianqiao 30 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Chenpi 10 g, Gancao 10 g, Shengjiang 6 , Dazao 10 g

Zhang 2002

Chaihu Guizhi Tang Jiawei Fang

Red Thorowax Root, Pinellia Tuber, Cassia Twig, Baical Skullcap Root, Ginseng, Peony Root, Chinese Date, Fresh Ginger, Liquoric Root

Chaihu, Banxia, Guizhi, Huangqin, Renshen, Shaoyao, Dazao, Shengjiang, Gancao

Hou 2002

Shuang Jie Tang

Crude Gypsum 30 g, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 30 g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 10 g, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 6 , Peppermint 6 , Antelope Horn Powder 0.3g, Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Great Burdock Achene 10 g, Mulberry Twig 10 g, Reed Rhizome 60g, Fresh Liquoric Root 6

Shengshigao 30 g, Zhimu 10 g, Jinyinhua 30 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Jingjiehui 6 , Bohe 6 , Lingyangjiaofen 0.3g, Chaihu 10 g, Niubangzi 10 g, Sangzhi 10 g, Lumaogen 60g, Shenggancao 6

Xu 2001

Da Qing Long Tang

Grilled Ephedra Herb 10 g, Cassia Twig 10 g, Gypsum 30 g, Apricot Seed 12 g, Grilled Liquoric Root, 3 pieces of Ginger, 10 Chinese Dates

Zhimahuang 10 g, Guizhi 10 g, Shigao 30 g, Xingren 12 g, Zhigancao 6 , 3 pieces of Shengjiang, 10 Dazao

Shi 2004

E Shu You

Zedoary

Zedoary

Ezhu

Hamazaki 2006

Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang

Membranous Milkvetch Root / Mongolian Milkcetch Root, Gingseng, Liquoric Root, Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome, Chinese Angelica, Tangerine Peel, Chinese Thorowax Root /Red Thorowax Root, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome

Huangqi, Renshen, Gancao, Baizhu, Danggui, Chenpi, Shengma, Chaihu

Hang 1998

Yuxingcao Koufu Ye

Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb, Baical Skullcap Root, Indigowoad Root, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Honeysuckle Flower

Yuxingcao, Huangqin, Banlangen, Lianqiao, Jinyinhua

Huang 2003, Liu 2002

Yuxingcao injection

Extract from Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb for injection

Yuxingcao

Jiang 2003

Yinhua Jiedu Granule

Honeysuckle Flower, Sweet Wormwood Herb, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb, Peppermint, Wild Chrysanthemum

Jinyinhua, Qinghao, Jingjie, Bohe, Yejuhua

Jin 1998

Shouqi Jiedu Decoction

Chinese Thorowax Root /Red Thorowax Root 15g, Honeysuckle Flower 15g, Cyrtomium Rhizome 15g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 20 g, Gypsum 30 g, Reed Rhizome 30 g, Raw Liquoric Root 6 g

Chaihu 15g, Yinhua 15g, Guanzhong 15g, Qinghao 10g, Huangqin 10g, Daqingye 20g, Shengshigao 30g, Lugan 30, Shenggancao 6g

Li 2005

Chuan Hu Ning injection

Extract from Common Andrographis Herb for injection

Chuanxinlian

Li 2005

San Shi decoction

Raw Gypsum, Gypsum Calcite, Talc Talcum, Ricepaperplant Pith, Apricot Seed, Lalang Grass Rhizome, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Lotus Leaf, Indigowoad Root, Liquoric Root

Shengshigao, Hanshuishi, Huashi, Tongcao, Xingren, Maogen, Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Heye, Banlangen, Gancao

Lu 2004

Shuanghuanglian Kou Fu Ye

Honeysuckle Flower, Baical Skullcap Root, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule

Jinyinhua, Huangqin, Lianqiao

Qu 2005

Tan Re Qing injection

Baical Skullcap Root, Bear Gall Powder, Antelope Horn, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule

Huangqin, Xiongdanfen, Shanyangjiao, Yinhua, Lianqiao

Yang 2000a

Redu Jing Kou Fu Ye

Membranous Milkvetch Root , Natural Indigo, Redroot Gromwell Root, Root Bark of Peony Tree, Baical Skullcap Root, Zedoary, Chinese Angelica, Peach Seed

Huangqi, Qingdai, Zhicao, Danpi, Huangqin, Eshu, Danggui, Taoren

Yang 2005a, Yang 2005b

Lianhuaqingwen capsule

Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Honeysuckle Flower, Ephedra Herb, Male Fern Rhizome, Indigowoad Root, Gypsum, Peppermint, Wrinkled Gianthyssop Herb, Rhodiola quadrifida, Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb, Rhubarb, Bitter Apricot Seed, Liquoric Root

Lianqiao, Jinyinhua, Zhimahuang, Mianmaguanzhong, Banlangen, Shigao, Bohenao, Guanghuoxiang, Hongjingtian, Yuxingcao, Dahuang,Chaokuxingren, Gancao

Zeng 2004

Yinma mixture

Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Ephedra Herb 10 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 15 g, Bitter Apricot Seed 10 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Great Burdock Achene 15 g, Peppermint 12 g, Cicada Slough 15 g, Baical Skullcap Root 12 g, Raw Gypsum 80 g, Cape Jasmine Fruit 15 g, Chinese Wolfberry Root‐bark 15 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Liquoric Root 6 g, Indigowoad Leaf 20 g

Yinhua 15 g, Mahuang 10 g, Lianqiao 15 g, Xingren 10 g, Jugeng 10 g, Niubangzi 15 g, Bohe 12 g, Chantui 15 g, Huangqin 12 g, Shengshigao 80 g, Zhizi 15 g, Digupi 15 g, Chaihu 15 g, Gancao 6 g, Daqingye 20 g

Zhang 2000, Zhang 2004

Yiqi Qingjie Fa (Influenza No. 1)

Manyflower Solomonseal Rhizome, Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome, Pinellia Tuber,Red Thorowax Root, Common Hongfennel Root, Platycodon Root, Great Burdock Achene, Baical Skullcap Root, Raw Liquoric Root, Indigowoad Root, Honeysuckle Flower, Figwort Root

Huangjing, Yuzhu, Banxia, Chaihu, Qianhu, Jugeng, Niubangzi, Huangqin, Shenggancao, Banlangen, Jinyinhua, Xuanshen

Zhang 2005

Gan Qing Dai Paoji

Capsule, Raw Gypsum, Baical Skullcap Root, Figwort Root, Red Thorowax Root, Large leaf Gentian Root, Platycodon Root, Apricot Seed, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Common Coltsfoot Flower, Indigowoad Root, Cicada Slough, Peppermint, Liquoric Root

Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Shengshigao, Huangqin, Xuanshen, Chaihu, Qinghao, Qinjiao, Jugeng, Xingren, Zhemubei, Kuandonghua, Banlangen, Chanyi, Bohe, Gancao

Zhao 2006

kang liu gan he ji

Peppermint 9 g, Golden Thread 9 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 10 g, Fine leaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Indigowoad Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Membranous Milkvetch Root 15 g, Ephedra Herb 6 g, Ovientvine 12 g, Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb 30 g

Bohe 9 g, Huanglian 9 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Jingjie 10 g, Qinghao 10 g, Banlangen 10 g, Daqingye 10 g, Chaihu 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Huangqi 15 g, Mahuang 6 g, Qingfengteng 12 g, Yuxingcao 30 g

Zhong 2005

Lu Qing granule

Antelope Horn Powder, Gypsum, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome, Reed Rhizome, Indigowoad Root, Red Paeony Root, Rhubarb, Forbes Notopterygium Rhizome, Sweet Wormwood Herb, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Chinese Mosla Herb, Indigowoad Leaf

Lingyangjiaofen, Shigao, Zhimu, Lugen, Banlangen, Chishao, Dahuang, Qianghuo, Qinghao, Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Xiangru, Daqingye

Qiu 1997

Mixture of Xiao Chaihu decoction, Zhizi Gu decoction and Biyu Shan

Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Fermented Soya Beans 10 g, Pinellia Rhizome 10 g, Silkworm Feculae 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Raw Cape Jasmine Fruit 10 g, Jasper Powder 10 g, Danshen Root 10 g, 5 Chinese Dates

Chaihu 10 g, Dougu 10 g, Fabanxia 10 g, Chansha 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Shengshanzhi 10 g, Biyusan 10 g, Dangshen 10 g, 5 Dazhao

Song 2002

Shubiao Jiedu Yin

Indigowoad Root 30 g, Honeysuckle Flower 30 g, Vietnamese Sophora Root 15 g, Kudzuvine Root 15 g, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 9 g, Great Burdock Achene 12 g, Cyrtomium Rhizome 12 g, Peppermint Leaf 6 g, Platycodon Root 8 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 20 g

Banlangen 30 g, Erhua 30 g, Shandougen 15 g, Gegen 15 g, Zhebeimu 15 g,Qianghuo 10 g, Huangqin 9 g, Niubangzi 12 g, Guanzhong 12 g, Boheye 6 g, Jugeng 8 g, Lianqiao 20 g

Li 2001

Zhongyi Fang Ji

Raw Gypsum 30 g, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome 15 g, Red Thorowax Root 12 g, Baical Skullcap Root 9 g, Cape Jasmine Fruit 12 g, Fine leaf Schizonepeta Herb 15 g, Peppermint 6 g, Raw Liquoric Root 6 g

Shengshigao 30 g, Zhimu 15 g, Chaihu 12 g, Huangqin 9 g, Zhizi 12 g, Jingjie 15 g, Bohe 6 g, Shenggancao 6 g