Chinese medicinal herbs for influenza
Referencias
References to studies included in this review
References to studies excluded from this review
References to studies awaiting assessment
Additional references
References to other published versions of this review
Characteristics of studies
Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]
Ir a:
| Methods | Trial design: randomised controlled parallel study | |
| Participants | Country: China | |
| Interventions | 1. TCM group (trial group): E Shu You glucose injection containing 0.1 g E Shu You and 12.5 g glucose per 250 ml injection (10 mg/kg/d iv q.d.) | |
| Outcomes | Recovery: temperature falls to normal within 72 hours, symptoms and physical signs had improved by more than 90% | |
| Notes | Influenza virus B was isolated by CDC in Hangzhou city in this local epidemics | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | D ‐ Not used |
| Methods | Trial design: randomised controlled parallel study | |
| Participants | Country: China | |
| Interventions | 1. TCM group (trial group): Ganmao capsule (3.5 g, t.i.d, orally) | |
| Outcomes | Influenza morbidity within 7 days of treatment | |
| Notes | Influenza virus A3 was isolated by CDC in Tianjin city in local epidemics | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | A ‐ Adequate |
b.i.d: twice a day
CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
h: hours
t.i.d: three times a day
q.d: once a day
M/F: male/female
NDST: New Drug Statistical Treatment
TCM: Traditional Chinese Medicine
WBC: white blood cell
Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]
Ir a:
| Study | Reason for exclusion |
| It was claimed to be an 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was not an RCT | |
| Outcome measures were hemagglutinin titers and natural killer (NK) activity which did not match our outcome measures regulated in this review | |
| Observation duration (3 to 5 days) exceeded the criteria of observational span specified in this review | |
| It was claimed to be an 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was a quasi‐RCT of alternative allocation | |
| A quasi‐RCT. Participants were allocated according to the entry odd/even days | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| Complications of influenza were included in this study | |
| The drug used was a Japanese herbal medicine | |
| It was claimed to be an 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was not an RCT | |
| Participants had severe influenza with complications | |
| Participants had severe influenza with complications with the common cold and influenza were not analysed separately | |
| The participants had severe influenza with pneumonia complication ‐ found by lab tests and chest radiographs | |
| Participants with common cold and influenza were included, and data for influenza were not separately reported | |
| It was claimed to be an 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was a quasi‐RCT. | |
| Herbal medicine were compared with chemical medicine plus another Chinese patent medicine | |
| It was claimed 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was a quasi‐RCT of alternative allocation | |
| It was claimed 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was a quasi‐RCT of alternative allocation | |
| Herbal medicines were compared with chemical medicines plus another Chinese patented medicine | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| It was claimed 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was a quasi‐RCT of alternative allocation | |
| One TCM was compared with a chemical medicine plus another TCM | |
| It was claimed 'RCT". We telephone interviewed the original author and learned that it was not an RCT | |
| Herbal medicines were compared with chemical medicines plus another Chinese patented medicine. The patients had complications of pneumonia, bronchitis and tonsillitis | |
| The patients had the complication of pneumonia, found by lab tests and chest radiographs | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| One TCM was compared to another TCM plus an antiviral drug | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| One TCM was compared with another TCM | |
| One herbal medicine was compared to another Chinese patented medicine |
RCT: randomised controlled trial
TCM: traditional Chinese medicine
Data and analyses
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 1.1  Comparison 1 Day 2 recovery rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 Ganmao capsule versus amantadine | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 2.1  Comparison 2 Day 3 recovery rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 3.1  Comparison 3 Day 3 marked improvement, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 4.1  Comparison 4 Day 3 partial improvement, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 5.1  Comparison 5 Day 3 no improvement rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 6.1  Comparison 6 Influenza incidence, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs. | ||||
| 1.1 Ganmao capsule versus amantadine | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Adverse reaction in the gastrointestinal tract Show forest plot | 1 | Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| Analysis 7.1  Comparison 7 Adverse reaction, Outcome 1 Adverse reaction in the gastrointestinal tract. | ||||
| 1.1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs | 1 | Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
Comparison 1 Day 2 recovery rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 2 Day 3 recovery rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 3 Day 3 marked improvement, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 4 Day 3 partial improvement, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 5 Day 3 no improvement rate, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 6 Influenza incidence, Outcome 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs.
Comparison 7 Adverse reaction, Outcome 1 Adverse reaction in the gastrointestinal tract.
| TCM term | Definition |
| Qi | In the theory of TCM, "qi" is considered as a life force or energy in every body. "Qi" must be kept balanced and flow freely to keep organs working well. When "qi" is blocked in certain part of the body, the organs involved get sick and people can have a pain there. Therefore, as expressed below, constrained "gan qi"should be released to make"qi" flow freely so that liver can work well and"qi"be regulated to flow freely so that pain is relieved. And also, when "qi"of lung is not balanced, such as being lost by ascending out, people may cough and "qi" must be put down to maintain adequate amount of "qi" in lung |
| Wind‐cold type cold | If it manifests itself in more severe chilliness, slight fever, a tongue with thin and white fur then it belongs to the exterior syndrome caused by wind and cold, and should be treated with strong perspiration drugs pungent in taste and warm in property, to dispel the wind and cold |
| Wind‐heat type cold | If its manifestations are more severe fever, milder chilliness, a tongue with thin and yellow fur, then it belongs to the exterior syndrome caused by wind and heat |
| Latin name | Common name | Properties, tastes | Function |
| Herba Schizonepetae | Schizonepeta | Pungent, slightly warm | 1. Expel wind, release the symptoms. 2. Promote the formation of eruption. 3. Stop bleeding and ablate boils. 4. Restrains and kills bacteria. 5. Tranquilliser, analgesic. 6. Anti‐inflammation, anti allergy |
| Radix Ledebouriellae | Ledebouriella root | Pungent, slightly warm | 1. Expel wind and relieve the symptoms. 2. Expel wind, dampness and alleviates pain. 3. Antipyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesic. 4. Relieve spasms. 5. Stops diarrhoea |
| Radix Bupleuri | Bupleurum root | Pungent, bitter and slightly cold | 1. Reduce and disperse fever. 2. Relax constrained "gan qi" and alleviate mental depression. 3. Improve immune function. 4. Regulate the flow of "qi" to relieve pain. 5. Tranquillises the mind, stop coughing. 6. Anti‐inflammatory, anti‐influenza, anti‐mycobacterium, tuberculosis. 7. Reduce plasma cholesterol. 8. Strengthen body immunity |
| Radix Peucedani | Peucedanum root | Bitter, sour and slightly cold | 1. Descend "qi" and expel phlegm. 2. Disperse wind heat. 3. Dilate coronary artery. 4. Inhibit influenza virus. 5. Relieve pain, tranquilliser |
| Radix Platycodi | Platycodon root | Bitter, sour, medium | 1. Promote the dispersing function of the lungs, relieve sore throat. 2. Expel phlegm and evacuate pus. 3. Relieve cough. 4. Anti‐inflammatory. 5. Tranquilliser, relieve pain and reduce fever. 6. Inhibit gastric juice secretion, anti‐gastric ulcer. 7. Reduce blood sugar. 8. Reduce blood lipid |
| Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens | Fresh ginger | Pungent, slightly warm | 1. Induce diaphoresis and relieve the symptoms. 2. Warm the mid section of the abdomen and alleviate vomiting. 3. Warm the lungs to arrest cough. 4. Reduce the poisonous effect of other herbs |
| Fructus Forsythiae | Forsythia fruit | Bitter, slightly cold | 1. Clear away pathogenic fever from the body. 2. Treat boils and resolve masses. 3. Control influenza virus. 4. Resist bacteria. 5. Reduce diuresis. 6. Resist hepatic injury. 7. Relieve vomiting |
| Radix Isatidis | Isatis root | Bitter, cold | 1. Clear away heat and toxic material. 2. Remove pathogenic heat from blood and relieve sore throat. 3. Resist virus. 4. Resist bacteria |
| Radix Puerariae | Pueraria root | Sweet, pungent and cool | 1. Reduce fever. 2. Stimulate the rash of measles to appear on surface of skin. 3. Control diarrhoea. 4. Relieve spasms. 5. Invigorate vital function and promote the production of body fluid. 6. Reduce blood pressure. 7. Relieve coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. 8. Improve cerebral circulation |
| Folium Mori | Mulberry leaf | Bitter, sweet and cold | 1. Expel wind and clear heat from the lungs. 2. Clear the liver and the eyes. 3. Remove heat from blood to arrest bleeding. 4. Restrain and kill bacteria. 5. Lower blood pressure, reduce blood lipid |
| Flos Chrysanthemi | Chrysanthemum | Pungent, sweet, bitter and slightly cold | 1. Disperse wind and clear heat. 2. Clear away liver heat and brighten the eyes. 3. Restrain and kill bacteria, anti‐inflammation. 4. Increase volume of blood flow of coronary artery. 5. Increase oxygen consumption of heart. 6. Reduce blood pressure |
| Fructus Arctii | Chrysanthemum | Pungent, bitter, and cold | 1. Disperse wind heat. 2. Reduce fever and relieve swelling. 3. Benefit the throat. 4. Stimulate rashes to appear on surface of skin |
| Study ID | Interventions | Recovery | Marked improvement | Partial improvement | No improvement | defervescence | Symptoms clearance | Adverse reaction | Interpretation |
| Xue 1999 | Ganmao capsule versus amantadine | RR 5.17, 95% CI 3.82 to 6.99 | Data not available | Data not available | Data not available | Data not available | Data not available | Adverse reaction in alimentary tract was mentioned in control group but data was not available | Ganmao Capsule can improve recovery better than amantadine with statistical difference at the end of two days of treatment |
| Shi 2004 | E Shu You versus ribavirine | RR 2.18, 95% CI 0.87 to 5.43 | RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.45 to 2.29 | RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.36 to 2.27 | RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.14 to 1.17 | Data not available | Data not available | RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.09 to 3.73 | There were no significant differences between E Shu You and ribavirine in the effectiveness and adverse reactions for treating influenza |
| Study ID | TCMs preparation | English TCM name | Pinyin TCM name |
| Yao 2003 | Modified Ganlu Xiaodu Dan | Blackberrykiky Rhizome 10 g, Drug Sweetlad Rhizome 10 g, Sichuan Fritillaria bulb 10 g, Scutellaria Root 10 g, Villous Amomum Fruit 6 , Virgate Wormwood Herb 30 g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 10 g, Peppermint 10 g, Bentong 10 g, Liuyisan 15 g, Fortune Eupatorium Herb 10 g, Indigowoad Root 30 g, Indigowoad Leaf 30 g | Shegan 10 g, Changpu 10 g, Chuanbei 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Sharen 6 , Yinchen 30 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Bohe 10 g, Bentong 10 g, Liuyisan 15 g, Peiian 10 g, Banlangen 30 g, Daqingye 30 g |
| Yuan 2003 | Jiang Fang Yin Qiao Tang | Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Divaricate Saposhinikovia Root 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Weeping Forsythiae capsule 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Whiteflower Hogfennel Root 10 g, Peppermint 5 g, Kudzuvine Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 15 g, Fresh Liquorate Root 5 g | Jingjie 10 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Yinhua 15 g, Lianqiao 15 g, Qianghuo 10 g, Chaihu 15 g, Jiegeng 10 g, Qianhu 10 g, Bohe 5g, Gegen 10 g, Daqingye 15 g, Shenggancao 15 g |
| Jiang 1981 | Baihua Baijiang Chongji | Whiteflower Patrinia Herb | Baijiangcao |
| Xue 1999 | Ganmao Capsule | Japanese Honeysuckle stem, Baical Skullcap Root, Platycodon Root, Bitter Apricot Seed, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb, Divaricate Saposhicicovia Root, Fresh Liquoric Root | Rendongteng, Huangqi, Jiegeng, Xingren, Jingjie, Fangfeng, Shenggancao |
| Wang 2001 | Modified Qiang Bang Pu Bo Tang he Chai Pin Tang | Incised Notopterygium Rhyzome, Great Burdock Achene, Mongolian Dandelion Herb, Peppermint, Red Thorowax Root, Baical Skullcap Root, Pinellia Tuber, Tangerine Peel, Swordlike Atractylodes Rhizome, Officinal Magnolia Bark | Qianghuo, Niubangzi, Pugongying, Bohe, Chaihu, Huangqin, Banxia, Chenpi, Cangshu, Houpu |
| Wang 2001 | Qing Kai Ling | Cholic acid, Nacre, Hyodeoxycholic acid, Cape Jasmine Fruit, Buffalo Horn, Indigowoad Root, Baical Skullcap Root, Honeysuckle flower | Danshuan, Zhenzhumu, Zhu Quyang Dansuan, Zhizi, Shuiniujiao, Banlangen, Huangqingan, Jinyinhua |
| Yu 2000 | Liugan Heji | Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Divaricate Saposhinikovia Root 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Weeping Forsythiae capsule 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Whiteflower Hogfennel Root 10 g, Peppermint 5g, Kudzuvine Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 15 g, Fresh Liquorate Root 5g | Jinyinhua 15 g, Lianqiao15 g, Banlangen 20 g, Daqingye 20 g, Jingjie 10 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Sangye 10 g, Shigao 30 g, Huangqin 12g, Jiegeng 10 g, Xingren 10 g, Gancao 10 g |
| Yu 2000 | Fufang Daqingye | Indigowoad leaf, Honeysuckle Flower, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome, Bistort Rhizome, Rhubarb | Daqingye, Jinyinhua, Qianghuo, Quanshen, Dahuang |
| Du 1991 | Bo Hao Sanhua Yin | Peppermint 10 g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 10 g, Chrysanthemum 10 g, Common Goldenod Herb 10 g, Cassia Twig 2 g | Bohe 10 g, Qinghao 10 g, Yinhua 10 g, Juhua 10 g, Yizhihuanghua 10 g, Guizhi 2 g |
| Yang 2000b | Chai Ge Jieji Tang Jiawei | Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Kudzuvine Root 30 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 30 g, Platycodon Root 12 g, Crude Gypsum 30 g, Baical Skullcap Root 12g, White Paeony Root 10 g, Dahurian Angelica Root 12g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 30 g, Divaricate Saposhnikovia Root 10 g, Tangerine Peel 10 g, Liquoric Root 10 g, Fresh Ginger 6 g , Chinese Date 10 g | Chaihu 10 g, Gegen 30 g, Qianghuo 30 g, Jiegeng 12 g, Shengshigao 30, Huangqin 12g, Baishao 10 g, Baizhi 12g, Lianqiao 30 g, Fangfeng 10 g, Chenpi 10 g, Gancao 10 g, Shengjiang 6 , Dazao 10 g |
| Zhang 2002 | Chaihu Guizhi Tang Jiawei Fang | Red Thorowax Root, Pinellia Tuber, Cassia Twig, Baical Skullcap Root, Ginseng, Peony Root, Chinese Date, Fresh Ginger, Liquoric Root | Chaihu, Banxia, Guizhi, Huangqin, Renshen, Shaoyao, Dazao, Shengjiang, Gancao |
| Hou 2002 | Shuang Jie Tang | Crude Gypsum 30 g, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome 10 g, Honeysuckle Flower 30 g, Weeping Forsythia Capsule 10 g, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb 6 , Peppermint 6 , Antelope Horn Powder 0.3g, Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Great Burdock Achene 10 g, Mulberry Twig 10 g, Reed Rhizome 60g, Fresh Liquoric Root 6 | Shengshigao 30 g, Zhimu 10 g, Jinyinhua 30 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Jingjiehui 6 , Bohe 6 , Lingyangjiaofen 0.3g, Chaihu 10 g, Niubangzi 10 g, Sangzhi 10 g, Lumaogen 60g, Shenggancao 6 |
| Xu 2001 | Da Qing Long Tang | Grilled Ephedra Herb 10 g, Cassia Twig 10 g, Gypsum 30 g, Apricot Seed 12 g, Grilled Liquoric Root, 3 pieces of Ginger, 10 Chinese Dates | Zhimahuang 10 g, Guizhi 10 g, Shigao 30 g, Xingren 12 g, Zhigancao 6 , 3 pieces of Shengjiang, 10 Dazao |
| Shi 2004 | E Shu You | Zedoary | Ezhu |
| Hamazaki 2006 | Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang | Membranous Milkvetch Root / Mongolian Milkcetch Root, Gingseng, Liquoric Root, Largehead Atractylodes Rhizome, Chinese Angelica, Tangerine Peel, Chinese Thorowax Root /Red Thorowax Root, Largetrifoliolious Bugbane Rhizome | Huangqi, Renshen, Gancao, Baizhu, Danggui, Chenpi, Shengma, Chaihu |
| Hang 1998 | Yuxingcao Koufu Ye | Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb, Baical Skullcap Root, Indigowoad Root, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Honeysuckle Flower | Yuxingcao, Huangqin, Banlangen, Lianqiao, Jinyinhua |
| Huang 2003, Liu 2002 | Yuxingcao injection | Extract from Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb for injection | Yuxingcao |
| Jiang 2003 | Yinhua Jiedu Granule | Honeysuckle Flower, Sweet Wormwood Herb, Fineleaf Schizonepeta Herb, Peppermint, Wild Chrysanthemum | Jinyinhua, Qinghao, Jingjie, Bohe, Yejuhua |
| Jin 1998 | Shouqi Jiedu Decoction | Chinese Thorowax Root /Red Thorowax Root 15g, Honeysuckle Flower 15g, Cyrtomium Rhizome 15g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 20 g, Gypsum 30 g, Reed Rhizome 30 g, Raw Liquoric Root 6 g | Chaihu 15g, Yinhua 15g, Guanzhong 15g, Qinghao 10g, Huangqin 10g, Daqingye 20g, Shengshigao 30g, Lugan 30, Shenggancao 6g |
| Li 2005 | Chuan Hu Ning injection | Extract from Common Andrographis Herb for injection | Chuanxinlian |
| Li 2005 | San Shi decoction | Raw Gypsum, Gypsum Calcite, Talc Talcum, Ricepaperplant Pith, Apricot Seed, Lalang Grass Rhizome, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Lotus Leaf, Indigowoad Root, Liquoric Root | Shengshigao, Hanshuishi, Huashi, Tongcao, Xingren, Maogen, Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Heye, Banlangen, Gancao |
| Lu 2004 | Shuanghuanglian Kou Fu Ye | Honeysuckle Flower, Baical Skullcap Root, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule | Jinyinhua, Huangqin, Lianqiao |
| Qu 2005 | Tan Re Qing injection | Baical Skullcap Root, Bear Gall Powder, Antelope Horn, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule | Huangqin, Xiongdanfen, Shanyangjiao, Yinhua, Lianqiao |
| Yang 2000a | Redu Jing Kou Fu Ye | Membranous Milkvetch Root , Natural Indigo, Redroot Gromwell Root, Root Bark of Peony Tree, Baical Skullcap Root, Zedoary, Chinese Angelica, Peach Seed | Huangqi, Qingdai, Zhicao, Danpi, Huangqin, Eshu, Danggui, Taoren |
| Yang 2005a, Yang 2005b | Lianhuaqingwen capsule | Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Honeysuckle Flower, Ephedra Herb, Male Fern Rhizome, Indigowoad Root, Gypsum, Peppermint, Wrinkled Gianthyssop Herb, Rhodiola quadrifida, Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb, Rhubarb, Bitter Apricot Seed, Liquoric Root | Lianqiao, Jinyinhua, Zhimahuang, Mianmaguanzhong, Banlangen, Shigao, Bohenao, Guanghuoxiang, Hongjingtian, Yuxingcao, Dahuang,Chaokuxingren, Gancao |
| Zeng 2004 | Yinma mixture | Honeysuckle Flower 15 g, Ephedra Herb 10 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 15 g, Bitter Apricot Seed 10 g, Platycodon Root 10 g, Great Burdock Achene 15 g, Peppermint 12 g, Cicada Slough 15 g, Baical Skullcap Root 12 g, Raw Gypsum 80 g, Cape Jasmine Fruit 15 g, Chinese Wolfberry Root‐bark 15 g, Red Thorowax Root 15 g, Liquoric Root 6 g, Indigowoad Leaf 20 g | Yinhua 15 g, Mahuang 10 g, Lianqiao 15 g, Xingren 10 g, Jugeng 10 g, Niubangzi 15 g, Bohe 12 g, Chantui 15 g, Huangqin 12 g, Shengshigao 80 g, Zhizi 15 g, Digupi 15 g, Chaihu 15 g, Gancao 6 g, Daqingye 20 g |
| Zhang 2000, Zhang 2004 | Yiqi Qingjie Fa (Influenza No. 1) | Manyflower Solomonseal Rhizome, Fragrant Solomonseal Rhizome, Pinellia Tuber,Red Thorowax Root, Common Hongfennel Root, Platycodon Root, Great Burdock Achene, Baical Skullcap Root, Raw Liquoric Root, Indigowoad Root, Honeysuckle Flower, Figwort Root | Huangjing, Yuzhu, Banxia, Chaihu, Qianhu, Jugeng, Niubangzi, Huangqin, Shenggancao, Banlangen, Jinyinhua, Xuanshen |
| Zhang 2005 | Gan Qing Dai Paoji | Capsule, Raw Gypsum, Baical Skullcap Root, Figwort Root, Red Thorowax Root, Large leaf Gentian Root, Platycodon Root, Apricot Seed, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb, Common Coltsfoot Flower, Indigowoad Root, Cicada Slough, Peppermint, Liquoric Root | Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Shengshigao, Huangqin, Xuanshen, Chaihu, Qinghao, Qinjiao, Jugeng, Xingren, Zhemubei, Kuandonghua, Banlangen, Chanyi, Bohe, Gancao |
| Zhao 2006 | kang liu gan he ji | Peppermint 9 g, Golden Thread 9 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 10 g, Fine leaf Schizonepeta Herb 10 g, Sweet Wormwood Herb 10 g, Indigowoad Root 10 g, Indigowoad Leaf 10 g, Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Membranous Milkvetch Root 15 g, Ephedra Herb 6 g, Ovientvine 12 g, Heartleaf Houttuynia Herb 30 g | Bohe 9 g, Huanglian 9 g, Lianqiao 10 g, Jingjie 10 g, Qinghao 10 g, Banlangen 10 g, Daqingye 10 g, Chaihu 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Huangqi 15 g, Mahuang 6 g, Qingfengteng 12 g, Yuxingcao 30 g |
| Zhong 2005 | Lu Qing granule | Antelope Horn Powder, Gypsum, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome, Reed Rhizome, Indigowoad Root, Red Paeony Root, Rhubarb, Forbes Notopterygium Rhizome, Sweet Wormwood Herb, Honeysuckle Flower, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule, Chinese Mosla Herb, Indigowoad Leaf | Lingyangjiaofen, Shigao, Zhimu, Lugen, Banlangen, Chishao, Dahuang, Qianghuo, Qinghao, Jinyinhua, Lianqiao, Xiangru, Daqingye |
| Qiu 1997 | Mixture of Xiao Chaihu decoction, Zhizi Gu decoction and Biyu Shan | Red Thorowax Root 10 g, Fermented Soya Beans 10 g, Pinellia Rhizome 10 g, Silkworm Feculae 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 10 g, Raw Cape Jasmine Fruit 10 g, Jasper Powder 10 g, Danshen Root 10 g, 5 Chinese Dates | Chaihu 10 g, Dougu 10 g, Fabanxia 10 g, Chansha 10 g, Huangqin 10 g, Shengshanzhi 10 g, Biyusan 10 g, Dangshen 10 g, 5 Dazhao |
| Song 2002 | Shubiao Jiedu Yin | Indigowoad Root 30 g, Honeysuckle Flower 30 g, Vietnamese Sophora Root 15 g, Kudzuvine Root 15 g, Thunberg Fritillary Bulb 15 g, Incised Notopterygium Rhizome 10 g, Baical Skullcap Root 9 g, Great Burdock Achene 12 g, Cyrtomium Rhizome 12 g, Peppermint Leaf 6 g, Platycodon Root 8 g, Weeping Forsythiae Capsule 20 g | Banlangen 30 g, Erhua 30 g, Shandougen 15 g, Gegen 15 g, Zhebeimu 15 g,Qianghuo 10 g, Huangqin 9 g, Niubangzi 12 g, Guanzhong 12 g, Boheye 6 g, Jugeng 8 g, Lianqiao 20 g |
| Li 2001 | Zhongyi Fang Ji | Raw Gypsum 30 g, Common Anemarrhena Rhizome 15 g, Red Thorowax Root 12 g, Baical Skullcap Root 9 g, Cape Jasmine Fruit 12 g, Fine leaf Schizonepeta Herb 15 g, Peppermint 6 g, Raw Liquoric Root 6 g | Shengshigao 30 g, Zhimu 15 g, Chaihu 12 g, Huangqin 9 g, Zhizi 12 g, Jingjie 15 g, Bohe 6 g, Shenggancao 6 g |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 Ganmao capsule versus amantadine | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 E Shu You versus ribavirin | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 Ganmao capsule versus amantadine | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
| 1 Adverse reaction in the gastrointestinal tract Show forest plot | 1 | Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
| 1.1 Herbal medicine versus antiviral drugs | 1 | Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] | |
