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Temas

Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).

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Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS).

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Study

Intervention

Mean

SD

N

dyskinesia ‐ total body

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.2

0.25

5

Glover 1980

Control
final

0.52

0.04

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

1.44

0.68

5

Glover 1980

Control
improvement

0.22

0.36

5

pseudoparkinsonism

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.14

0.15

5

Glover 1980

Control
final

0.32

0.31

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

0.68

0.53

5

Glover 1980

Control
improvement

0.14

0.51

5

tardive dyskinesia

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.1

0.22

5

Glover 1980

Control
final

0.56

0.31

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

1.22

0.63

5

Glover 1980

Control
improvement

0.26

0.29

5

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 3 Movement disorders: Average scores ‐ by 8 weeks (Smith Tardive Dyskinesia Scale, high = poor).

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Study

Intervention

Mean

SD

N

Notes

attention and concentration: Trail Making Test, Part A (high score = poor)

Lancaster 1983

Hypnosis

44.43

24.18

40

Trialist did not undertake statistical test

Lancaster 1983

Standard treatment

43.60

14.72

20

cognitive style: Group Embedded Figures Test (REFT, high score = poor)

Lancaster 1983

Hypnosis

0.45

0.75

40

Lancaster 1983

Standard treatment

0.40

0.68

20

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT, Outcome 4 Neurocognitive function: Average scores ‐ by 90 minutes.

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Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).

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Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS).

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Study

Intervention

Mean

SD

N

dyskinesia ‐ total body

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.2

0.25

5

Glover 1980

Relaxatation
final

1.58

0.98

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

1.44

0.68

5

Glover 1980

Relaxation
improvement

0.46

0.49

5

pseudoparkinsonism

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.14

0.15

5

Glover 1980

Relaxation
final

1.06

0.72

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

0.68

0.52

5

Glover 1980

Relaxation
improvement

0.42

0.65

5

tardive dyskinesia

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
final

0.1

0.22

5

Glover 1980

Relaxation
final

1.56

0.68

5

Glover 1980

Hypnosis
improvement

1.22

0.63

5

Glover 1980

Relaxation
improvement

0.86

0.77

5

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 3 Movement disorders: Average scores ‐ by 8 weeks (Smith Tardive Dyskinesia Scale, high = poor).

Ir a la figura de la revisión

Study

Intervention

Mean

SD

N

Notes

attention and concentration: Trail Making Test, Part A (high score = poor)

Lancaster 1983

Hypnosis

44.43

24.18

40

Lancaster 1983

Relaxation

60.40

45.62

20

cognitive style: Group Embedded Figures Test (REFT, high score = poor)

Lancaster 1983

Hypnosis

0.45

0.75

40

Lancaster 1983

Relaxation

2.15

3.94

20

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION, Outcome 4 Neurocognitive function: Average scores ‐ by 90 minutes.

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Comparison 3 HYPNOSIS versus MUSIC, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 HYPNOSIS versus MUSIC, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks).

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Table 1. Suggestions for future trial design

Methods

Participants

Intervention

Outcomes

Notes

Allocation: randomised, with sequence generation and concealment of allocation clearly described.
Blindness: single.
Duration: 6 months at least.
Raters: independent.

People with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like illnesses.
N=600.*

The techniques used should have involved some element of i. education and testing hypnotic susceptibility, ii. induction procedure, iii. deepening techniques, iv. therapeutic suggestions and/or v. an alerting phase.

1. Hypnosis alone.

2. Hypnosis with medication.

3. Hypnosis with other therapies.

4. Standard care

Death; global state ‐ relapse**; service outcomes; mental state ‐ no clinically important change in general mental state**; leaving the study early; general functioning; behaviour; adverse effects; engagement with services; satisfaction with treatment; quality of life; and economic outcomes

Outcomes for the short term (up to 12 weeks), medium term (13 to 26 weeks), and long term (more than 26 weeks) should be reported.

* Size of study with sufficient power to highlight about a 10% difference between groups for primary outcome.
** Primary outcome.

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Suggestions for future trial design
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Comparison 1. HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks) Show forest plot

2

70

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS) Show forest plot

1

60

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.63 [‐12.05, 4.79]

3 Movement disorders: Average scores ‐ by 8 weeks (Smith Tardive Dyskinesia Scale, high = poor) Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

3.1 dyskinesia ‐ total body

Other data

No numeric data

3.2 pseudoparkinsonism

Other data

No numeric data

3.3 tardive dyskinesia

Other data

No numeric data

4 Neurocognitive function: Average scores ‐ by 90 minutes Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

4.1 attention and concentration: Trail Making Test, Part A (high score = poor)

Other data

No numeric data

4.2 cognitive style: Group Embedded Figures Test (REFT, high score = poor)

Other data

No numeric data
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. HYPNOSIS versus STANDARD TREATMENT
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Comparison 2. HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks) Show forest plot

3

106

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.0 [0.20, 20.15]

2 Mental state: Average scores ‐ by 1 week (BPRS) Show forest plot

1

60

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐3.38 [‐11.40, 4.64]

3 Movement disorders: Average scores ‐ by 8 weeks (Smith Tardive Dyskinesia Scale, high = poor) Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

3.1 dyskinesia ‐ total body

Other data

No numeric data

3.2 pseudoparkinsonism

Other data

No numeric data

3.3 tardive dyskinesia

Other data

No numeric data

4 Neurocognitive function: Average scores ‐ by 90 minutes Show forest plot

Other data

No numeric data

4.1 attention and concentration: Trail Making Test, Part A (high score = poor)

Other data

No numeric data

4.2 cognitive style: Group Embedded Figures Test (REFT, high score = poor)

Other data

No numeric data
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. HYPNOSIS versus RELAXATION
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Comparison 3. HYPNOSIS versus MUSIC

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Leaving the study early (short term up to 12 weeks) Show forest plot

1

36

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.0 [0.26, 97.37]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. HYPNOSIS versus MUSIC
Ir a la tabla de la revisión