Psihološke terapije za kronični posttraumatski stresni poremećaj (PTSP) u odraslih
Información
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4Copiar DOI
- Base de datos:
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- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Versión publicada:
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- 13 diciembre 2013see what's new
- Tipo:
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- Intervention
- Etapa:
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- Review
- Grupo Editorial Cochrane:
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Grupo Cochrane de Trastornos mentales comunes
- Copyright:
-
- Copyright © 2015 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cifras del artículo
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Citado por:
Autores
Contributions of authors
JIB has been involved in the identification of studies, quality appraisal, data entry, analysis and writing of the review.
NPR has been involved in quality appraisal.
MA has been involved in the identification of studies, quality appraisal and writing of the review.
RC has been involved in the identification of studies, quality appraisal and data entry.
CL has been involved in the identification of studies, quality appraisal, data entry, analysis and writing of the review.
Declarations of interest
None known.
Acknowledgements
We should like to thank the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group (CCDAN) editorial base for their help with searches, helpful comments on the protocol and assistance with the methodology. We should also like to thank the NICE PTSD guideline development group for allowing us access to their data sets. We also thank the following:
Arnoud Arntz (Scientific Director of the Research Institute of Experimental Psychopathology, Maastricht University)
Merel Kindt (Head of the Department of Clinical Psychology at the University of Amsterdam)
Richard Bryant (Professor at the University of New South Wales)
Willi Butollo (Professor at Ludwig‐Maximilian University of Munich)
Claude Chemtob (Research Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the NYU School of Medicine)
Judith Cohen (Medical Director of the Center for Traumatic Stress in Children & Adolescents at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh)
Mark Creamer (Director of the Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health (ACPMH))
Jonathan Davidson (Director of the Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Program at Duke University Medical Centre, North Carolina)
Enrique Echeburua (Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of the Basque Country (Spain))
Paul Emmelkamp (Academy Professor, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University of Amsterdam)
Edna Foa (Director of the Centre for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety)
Chris Freeman (Consultant Psychiatrist, Royal Edinburgh Hospital)
Matt Friedman (Executive Director of the National Centre for PTSD)
Berthold Gersons (Distinguished AMC‐Professor and Professor of Psychiatry at the Academical Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam)
Louise Humprheys
Terry Keane (Director of the Behavioral Science Division of the National Center for PTSD, USA)
Dean Kilpatrick (Professor and Director, National Crime Victims Center, Medical University of South Carolina)
Edward Kubany (University of Hawaii)
Brett Litz (Professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology at Boston University)
Andreas Maercker (Head of Division, Department of Psychology Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich)
Charles Marmar (Chair of the Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center)
Sandy McFarlane (Director of the Centre for Traumatic Stress Studies, the University of Adelaide)
Thomas Mellman (Director, Clinical and Translational Research and Stress and Sleep Studies Programs, Howard University College of Medicine)
Lars‐Goran Öst (Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden)
Michael Otto (Director, Translational Research Program at the Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University)
Roger Pitman (Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School)
Mark Pollack (Director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital)
Patti Resick (Director of the Women’s Health Sciences Division of the National Center for PTSD at the Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System)
David Riggs (Executive Director of the Center for Deployment Psychology (CDP))
Sue Rose
Barbara Rothbaum (Associate Vice Chair of Clinical Research Department of Psychiatry, Emory School of Medicine)
Joe Ruzek (Director of the Dissemination and Training Division of the National Center for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder)
Paula Schnurr (Deputy Executive Director of the VA National Center for PTSD)
Arieh Shalev (Professor of Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry at Hadassah University Hospital in Jerusalem)
Dan Stein (Chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town)
Nick Tarrier (Professor of Clinical Psychology in the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences at the University of Manchester)
Agnes van Minnen (Professor at Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen)
Simon Wessely (Chair and Head of the Department of Psychological Medicine at the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London)
Patricia White
Rachel Yehuda (Director of the Traumatic Stress Studies Division at Icahn School of Medicine, and the Mental Health Patient Care Center Director at the James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center)
CRG Funding Acknowledgement:
The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) is the largest single funder of the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group.
Disclaimer:
The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health.
Version history
Published | Title | Stage | Authors | Version |
2013 Dec 13 | Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | Review | Jonathan I Bisson, Neil P Roberts, Martin Andrew, Rosalind Cooper, Catrin Lewis | |
2007 Jul 18 | Psychological treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Review | Jonathan Bisson, Martin Andrew | |
2005 Apr 20 | Psychological treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Review | M . Bisson J and Andrew, Jonathan Bisson, Martin Andrew | |
2002 Jan 21 | Psychological treatment of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | Protocol | M . Bisson J and Andrew, Jonathan I Bisson, Martin Andrew | |
Keywords
MeSH
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Keywords
Medical Subject Headings Check Words
Adult; Humans;
PICO
![Study flow diagram.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG01.png)
Study flow diagram.
![Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG02.png)
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
![Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG03.png)
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
![Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Individual trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, outcome: 3.1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG04.png)
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Individual trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, outcome: 3.1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated.
![Funnel plot of comparison: 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, outcome: 3.1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG05.png)
Funnel plot of comparison: 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, outcome: 3.1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated.
![Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Individual trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, outcome: 1.7 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-AFig-FIG06.png)
Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Individual trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, outcome: 1.7 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-01.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-02.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up..](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-03.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up..
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-04.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-05.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-06.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-07.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 9 ‐ 12 month follow up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-08.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 9 ‐ 12 month follow up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 9 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-09.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 9 Depression.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 10 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-10.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 10 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 11 Depression 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-11.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 11 Depression 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 12 Depression 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-12.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 12 Depression 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 13 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-13.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 13 Anxiety.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 14 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-14.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 14 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 15 Anxiety 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-15.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 15 Anxiety 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 16 Exploration of publication bias.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-16.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 16 Exploration of publication bias.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-17.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.
![Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 18 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-001-18.png)
Comparison 1 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 18 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD Symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-01.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD Symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-02.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-03.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-04.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-05.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-06.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-07.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 8 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-08.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 8 Depression.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 9 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-09.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 9 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 10 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-10.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 10 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 11 Depression ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-11.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 11 Depression ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 12 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-12.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 12 Anxiety.
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 13 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-13.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 13 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 14 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-14.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 14 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 15 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-15.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 15 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).
![Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 16 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-002-16.png)
Comparison 2 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 16 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-01.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-02.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-03.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-04.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-05.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 5 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-06.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-07.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-08.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 9 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-09.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 9 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 10 Depression ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-10.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 10 Depression ‐ self report.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 11 Depression ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-11.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 11 Depression ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 12 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5‐8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-12.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 12 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5‐8 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 13 Depression 9‐12 month follow up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-13.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 13 Depression 9‐12 month follow up.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 14 Anxiety ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-14.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 14 Anxiety ‐ self report.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 15 Anxiety ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-15.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 15 Anxiety ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 16 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-16.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 16 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months).
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 17 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-17.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 17 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 18 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 13‐24 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-18.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 18 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 13‐24 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-19.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ drop‐out ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-20.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ drop‐out ‐ studies at low risk of bias only.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 21 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ women‐only studies.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-21.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 21 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ women‐only studies.
![Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 22 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ excluding Vietnam veterans.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-003-22.png)
Comparison 3 Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure Therapy vs other therapies, Outcome 22 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ excluding Vietnam veterans.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-01.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving study early due to any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-02.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving study early due to any reason.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-03.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-04.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-05.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety.
![Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-004-06.png)
Comparison 4 EMDR vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-01.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-02.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 3 Leaving study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-03.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 3 Leaving study early for any reason.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-04.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-05.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 6 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-06.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 6 Depression.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-07.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 8 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-08.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 8 Anxiety.
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-09.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-005-10.png)
Comparison 5 EMDR vs Trauma‐focused CBT, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-01.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-02.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months).
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-03.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-04.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-05.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 6 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-06.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 6 Depression.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-07.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 8 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-08.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 8 Anxiety.
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-09.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months).
![Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-006-10.png)
Comparison 6 EMDR vs non‐TFCBT, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Leaving study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-007-01.png)
Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Leaving study early for any reason.
![Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-007-02.png)
Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-007-03.png)
Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Depression.
![Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-007-04.png)
Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Anxiety.
![Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 5 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-007-05.png)
Comparison 7 EMDR vs other therapies, Outcome 5 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-01.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-02.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Self‐report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-03.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Self‐report.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-04.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-05.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety.
![Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-008-06.png)
Comparison 8 Non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clincian.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-01.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clincian.
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (3 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-02.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (3 months).
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-03.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Depression ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-04.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 4 Depression ‐ self report.
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 5 Depression ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-05.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 5 Depression ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months).
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 6 Anxiety ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-06.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 6 Anxiety ‐ self report.
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 7 Anxiety ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months).](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-07.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 7 Anxiety ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months).
![Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 8 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-009-08.png)
Comparison 9 Non‐TFCBT vs other therapies, Outcome 8 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 1 Clinician‐rated.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-01.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 1 Clinician‐rated.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-02.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-03.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 3 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-04.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD ‐ self report ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-05.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 5 Severity of PTSD ‐ self report ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 6 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-06.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 6 Depression.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 7 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-07.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 7 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 8 Anxiety.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-08.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 8 Anxiety.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 9 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-09.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 9 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up.
![Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-010-10.png)
Comparison 10 Group TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care/minimal contact, Outcome 10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-011-01.png)
Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms.
![Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 2 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-011-02.png)
Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 2 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 3 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-011-03.png)
Comparison 11 Group CBT (trauma‐focused) vs Group CBT (non‐trauma‐focused), Outcome 3 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-01.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving the study early due to any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-02.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Leaving the study early due to any reason.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-03.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-04.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety ‐ Self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-05.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Anxiety ‐ Self report.
![Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-012-06.png)
Comparison 12 Other therapies vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment.
![Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early for any reason.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-013-01.png)
Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 1 Leaving the study early for any reason.
![Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-013-02.png)
Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report.
![Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report 1 ‐ 4 months.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-013-03.png)
Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report 1 ‐ 4 months.
![Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-013-04.png)
Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 4 Depression.
![Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Depression ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months.](/es/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003388.pub4/media/CDSR/CD003388/image_n/nCD003388-CMP-013-05.png)
Comparison 13 Group non‐TFCBT vs waitlist/usual care, Outcome 5 Depression ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months.
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy versus Waitlist/Usual Care | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Control | Trauma Focused CBT/ Exposure Therapy | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated in the intervention groups was | 1.62 standard deviations lower | 1256 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.64 | 1756 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
130 per 1000 | 189 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
85 per 1000 | 124 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy compared with non‐TFCBT for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Non‐TFCBT | Trauma Focused CBT/ Exposure Therapy | |||||
Severity of PTSD Symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician‐rated in the intervention groups was | 267 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.19 | 312 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
154 per 1000 | 183 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
154 per 1000 | 183 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias |
Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy compared with other therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Other Therapies | Trauma Focused CBT/Exposure Therapy | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | ‐0.48 standard deviations lower | 612 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.39 | 762 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
142 per 1000 | 198 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
138 per 1000 | 192 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias |
EMDR compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Waitlist/Usual Care | EMDR | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 1.17 standard deviations lower | 183 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
Leaving study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.05 | 227 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
178 per 1000 | 188 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
172 per 1000 | 182 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias |
EMDR compared with Trauma‐focused CBT for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Trauma Focused CBT | EMDR | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 0.03 standard deviations lower | 327 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
Leaving study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.00 | 400 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
279 per 1000 | 268 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
257 per 1000 | 247 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged as posing a high risk of bias |
EMDR compared with non‐TFCBT for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Non‐TFCBT | EMDR | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 0.35 standard deviations lower | 53 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.03 | 84 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
140 per 1000 | 144 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
91 per 1000 | 94 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Studies reported insufficient information to judge risk of bias |
EMDR compared with other therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Other Therapies | EMDR | |||||
Leaving study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.48 | 127 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
32 per 1000 | 47 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
32 per 1000 | 48 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1One study was judged to pose a high risk of bias. The other study reported insufficient information for a judgement to be made |
Non‐TFCBT compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Waitlist/Usual Care | Non‐TFCBT Therapy | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 106 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |||
Leaving the study early due to any reason | Study population | RR 1.96 | 141 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
78 per 1000 | 153 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
83 per 1000 | 163 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Insufficient data to judge risk of bias |
Non‐TFCBT compared with other therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Non‐TFCBT | ||||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clincian‐rated | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 25 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |
Leaving the study early for any reason | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 31 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Some studies were judged to pose a high risk of bias |
Group TFCBT compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Group TFCBT | ||||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 185 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |||
Leaving the study early for any reason | Study population | RR 1.21 | 573 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
262 per 1000 | 317 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
200 per 1000 | 242 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Insufficient information to judge risk of bias |
Group CBT (trauma focused) compared with Group CBT (non‐trauma focused) for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Group CBT (non‐trauma focused) | Group CBT (trauma focused) | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician‐rated | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 325 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |
Leaving the study early for any reason | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 360 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Insufficient information to judge risk of bias |
Other therapies compared with Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Waitlist/Usual Care | Other therapies | |||||
Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician | The mean severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician in the intervention groups was | 112 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |||
Leaving the study early due to any reason | Study population | RR 2.45 | 211 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | ||
74 per 1000 | 181 per 1000 | |||||
Moderate | ||||||
72 per 1000 | 176 per 1000 | |||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Small sample sizes |
Group non‐TFCBT compared to Waitlist/Usual Care for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults | ||||||
Patient or population: Adults with PTSD for at least 3 months | ||||||
Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect | No of Participants | Quality of the evidence | Comments | |
Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
Waitlist/Usual Care | Group nonTFCBT | |||||
Leaving the study early for any reason | See comment | See comment | Not estimable | 47 | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ | |
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). | ||||||
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence | ||||||
1Only one study. Risk of bias high/unclear in several domains. |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 32 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
1.1 Clinician PTSD | 28 | 1256 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.62 [‐2.03, ‐1.21] |
1.2 Clinician PTSD severity women‐only subgroup analysis) | 9 | 562 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.83 [‐2.31, ‐1.36] |
1.3 Clinician PTSD excluding studies of Vietnam War veterans | 27 | 1232 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.67 [‐2.09, ‐1.25] |
1.4 Self report | 16 | 666 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.57 [‐2.01, ‐1.14] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 4 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
2.1 Clinician | 4 | 336 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.18 [‐2.20, ‐0.17] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms at 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up. Show forest plot | 3 | 192 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.47 [‐0.77, ‐0.18] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
5 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 33 | 1756 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.64 [1.30, 2.06] |
6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 2 | 181 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐3.03 [‐6.51, 0.45] |
7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 208 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.61 [‐0.90, ‐0.32] |
8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report: 9 ‐ 12 month follow up Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
9 Depression Show forest plot | 28 | 1213 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.28 [‐1.62, ‐0.94] |
10 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 7 | 413 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.75 [‐1.33, ‐0.18] |
11 Depression 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 2 | 150 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.50 [‐0.82, ‐0.17] |
12 Depression 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
13 Anxiety Show forest plot | 17 | 644 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.81 [‐1.03, ‐0.59] |
14 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 3 | 189 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.32 [‐0.60, ‐0.03] |
15 Anxiety 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
16 Exploration of publication bias Show forest plot | 28 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
16.1 Clinician | 28 | 1256 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.62 [‐2.03, ‐1.21] |
17 Sensitivity analysis ‐ clinician‐rated PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
18 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 19 | 910 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.51 [0.41, 0.64] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD Symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 7 | 267 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.27 [‐0.63, 0.10] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 127 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.51 [‐1.00, ‐0.01] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 48 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [‐2.17, 0.17] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 48 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐12.93 [‐18.72, ‐7.14] |
5 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 7 | 312 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.19 [0.71, 2.00] |
6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 3 | 127 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.37 [‐0.74, 0.01] |
7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 54 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.44 [‐0.99, 0.10] |
8 Depression Show forest plot | 6 | 189 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.27 [‐0.56, 0.03] |
9 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 147 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.28 [‐0.62, 0.06] |
10 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 48 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.71 [‐1.30, ‐0.12] |
11 Depression ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
12 Anxiety Show forest plot | 4 | 127 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.12 [‐0.49, 0.26] |
13 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 4 | 117 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.24 [‐0.79, 0.30] |
14 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
15 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
16 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 6 | 284 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.60, 1.17] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 10 | 625 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.48 [‐0.83, ‐0.14] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 8 | 548 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.34 [‐0.64, ‐0.04] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 4 | 434 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.58 [‐1.20, 0.04] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 9 ‐ 12 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 2 | 90 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.76 [‐1.35, ‐0.17] |
5 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 11 | 762 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.39 [1.01, 1.92] |
6 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 6 | 574 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.60 [‐1.15, ‐0.06] |
7 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 526 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.29 [‐0.47, ‐0.12] |
8 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 3 | 338 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.90 [‐2.05, 0.25] |
9 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (9 ‐ 12 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 90 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐2.66 [‐5.71, 0.38] |
10 Depression ‐ self report Show forest plot | 9 | 570 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.37 [‐0.63, ‐0.11] |
11 Depression ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months) Show forest plot | 7 | 510 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.29 [‐0.62, 0.03] |
12 Depression ‐ follow‐up (5‐8 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 443 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.87, 0.01] |
13 Depression 9‐12 month follow up Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
14 Anxiety ‐ self report Show forest plot | 7 | 539 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.45 [‐0.77, ‐0.12] |
15 Anxiety ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 454 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.33 [‐0.68, 0.02] |
16 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (5 ‐ 8 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 329 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.56 [‐1.69, 0.58] |
17 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 7 | 358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.75 [0.59, 0.96] |
18 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ 13‐24 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
19 Sensitivity analysis ‐ PTSD symptoms ‐ studies at low risk of bias only Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
20 Sensitivity analysis ‐ drop‐out ‐ studies at low risk of bias only Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
21 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ women‐only studies Show forest plot | 3 | 129 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 0.03 [‐0.42, 0.47] |
22 Subgroup analysis: severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ excluding Vietnam veterans Show forest plot | 9 | 599 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.46 [‐0.80, ‐0.11] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician Show forest plot | 6 | 183 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.17 [‐2.04, ‐0.30] |
2 Leaving study early due to any reason Show forest plot | 7 | 227 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.62, 1.79] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 6 | 159 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.80 [‐1.68, 0.07] |
4 Depression Show forest plot | 7 | 226 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.15 [‐1.52, ‐0.78] |
5 Anxiety Show forest plot | 6 | 160 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐1.02 [‐1.36, ‐0.69] |
6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 6 | 209 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.51 [0.42, 0.62] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 7 | 327 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.03 [‐0.43, 0.38] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 3 | 76 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.19 [‐0.97, 0.58] |
3 Leaving study early for any reason Show forest plot | 8 | 408 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.74, 1.35] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 7 | 306 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.30 [‐0.60, 0.01] |
5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 111 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.04 [‐0.61, 0.52] |
6 Depression Show forest plot | 8 | 346 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.31 [‐0.75, 0.13] |
7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 5 | 111 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.13 [‐0.64, 0.38] |
8 Anxiety Show forest plot | 4 | 236 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.28 [‐0.53, ‐0.02] |
9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 48 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.24 [‐0.33, 0.81] |
10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 8 | 350 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.74, 1.22] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 2 | 53 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.35 [‐0.90, 0.19] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (1‐4 months) Show forest plot | 3 | 71 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.74 [‐1.64, 0.15] |
3 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 3 | 84 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.37, 2.88] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 3 | 75 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.40 [‐0.86, 0.06] |
5 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self‐report ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 3 | 75 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.52 [‐0.98, ‐0.05] |
6 Depression Show forest plot | 3 | 75 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.67 [‐1.14, ‐0.20] |
7 Depression ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 3 | 75 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.25 [‐0.86, 0.36] |
8 Anxiety Show forest plot | 2 | 45 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.75 [‐1.36, ‐0.13] |
9 Anxiety ‐ follow‐up (1 ‐ 4 months) Show forest plot | 2 | 45 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.42 [‐2.21, 1.37] |
10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 3 | 84 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.71 [0.41, 1.22] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Leaving study early for any reason Show forest plot | 2 | 127 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.48 [0.26, 8.54] |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 2 | 124 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.84 [‐1.21, ‐0.47] |
3 Depression Show forest plot | 2 | 127 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.67 [‐1.03, ‐0.32] |
4 Anxiety Show forest plot | 2 | 126 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.72 [‐1.08, ‐0.36] |
5 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clinician Show forest plot | 4 | 106 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.22 [‐1.76, ‐0.69] |
2 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 5 | 141 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.96 [0.70, 5.48] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Self‐report Show forest plot | 2 | 44 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.86 [‐3.27, 1.55] |
4 Depression Show forest plot | 5 | 129 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.93 [‐1.43, ‐0.42] |
5 Anxiety Show forest plot | 4 | 102 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.83 [‐1.24, ‐0.42] |
6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 4 | 121 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.65 [0.50, 0.86] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ Clincian Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician ‐ follow‐up (3 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
3 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
4 Depression ‐ self report Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
5 Depression ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
6 Anxiety ‐ self report Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
7 Anxiety ‐ self report ‐ follow‐up (3 months) Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
8 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Clinician‐rated Show forest plot | 3 | 185 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.28 [‐2.25, ‐0.31] |
2 Severity of PTSD 5 ‐ 8 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
3 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 7 | 573 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.21 [0.94, 1.55] |
4 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 6 | 274 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.20 [‐1.70, ‐0.69] |
5 Severity of PTSD ‐ self report ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months Show forest plot | 2 | 73 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.14 [‐1.78, ‐0.50] |
6 Depression Show forest plot | 3 | 137 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐1.15 [‐1.98, ‐0.32] |
7 Depression 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 1 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
8 Anxiety Show forest plot | 3 | 106 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.66 [‐1.06, ‐0.27] |
9 Anxiety 1 ‐ 4 month follow‐up Show forest plot | 2 | 73 | Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.43 [‐0.72, ‐0.14] |
10 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
2 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
3 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ clinician Show forest plot | 3 | 112 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.58 [‐0.96, ‐0.20] |
2 Leaving the study early due to any reason Show forest plot | 4 | 211 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 2.45 [0.99, 6.10] |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 2 | 132 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.61 [‐0.98, ‐0.24] |
4 Depression Show forest plot | 3 | 112 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.45 [‐0.83, ‐0.07] |
5 Anxiety ‐ Self report Show forest plot | 4 | 193 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | ‐0.52 [‐0.82, ‐0.22] |
6 PTSD diagnosis after treatment Show forest plot | 4 | 210 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.61, 1.05] |
Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
1 Leaving the study early for any reason Show forest plot | 1 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
2 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
3 Severity of PTSD symptoms ‐ self report 1 ‐ 4 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
4 Depression Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |
5 Depression ‐ 1 ‐ 4 months Show forest plot | 1 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI) | Totals not selected | |