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Vinpocetina para el deterioro cognitivo y la demencia

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Referencias

Referencias de los estudios incluidos en esta revisión

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Blaha 1989 {published data only}

Blaha L, Erzigkeit H, Adamczyk A, Freytag S, Schaltenbrand R. Clinical evidence of the effectiveness of vinpocetine in the treatment of organic psychosyndrome. Human Psychopharmacology 1989;4(2):103‐111.

Fenzl 1986 {published data only}

Fenzl E, Apecechea M, Schaltenbrand R, Friedel R. Long‐term study concerning tolerance and efficacy of vinpocetine in elderly patients suffering from a mild to moderate organic psychosyndrome. In: Bes A, Cahn J, Cahn R, Hoyer S, Marc‐Vergnes JP, Wisniewski HM editor(s). Senile dementias: early detection. London Paris: John Libby Eurotext, 1986:580‐585.

Hindmarch 1991 {published data only}

Hindmarch I, Fuchs HH, Erzigkeit H. Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 1991;6(1):31‐43.

Referencias de los estudios excluidos de esta revisión

Ir a:

Balestreri 1987 {published data only}

Balestreri R, Fontana L, Astengo F. A double‐blind placebo controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular senile cerebral dysfunction. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1987;35(5):425‐430.

Filimonov 2007 {published data only}

Filimonov VA, Kliueva VN, Kondrashova IN. Vinpotropile in the treatment of cerebral vascular diseases. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2007;2.

Ivanova 2008 {published data only}

Ivanova NE, Panuntsev VS. The use of vinpotropile in chronic brain ishemia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2008;1.

Kishimoto 1995 {published data only}

Kishimoto T, Hiraoka Y, Oribe H, Inoue M, Ueda A, Matsuyama M, Inoue Y, Itoh T, Yoshitomi K, Miyagi T, Masuda N, Tatsuda H, Nakanishi Y, Negoro H, Ikawa G. Auditory P300 event‐related potentials and mini mental state examination performance in dementia; effects of Idebenone and Vinpocetine. Journal of Nara Medical Association 1995;46(3):259‐266.

Kovacs no year {published data only}

Kovacs L. Comparative studies of cavinton. no source no year.

Kuznetsov 2007 {published data only}

Kuznetsov AN, Daminov VD. Implication of vinpotropile in the treatment of patients with cerebral stroke. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2007, (Suppl 21):52‐6.

Manconi 1986 {published data only}

Manconi E, Binaghi F, Pitzus F. A double‐blind clinical trial of vinpocetine in the treatment of cerebral insufficiency of vascular and degenerative origin. Current Therapeutic Research 1986;40(4):702‐709.

Nesterova 2008 {published data only}

Nesterova MV, Grigor'eva AN. Effect of vinpocetin on cerebral hemodynamics, autoregulation and cognitive frustration in senile patients with a chronic brain ischemia. Eur J Neurology 2008;Supplement 1:261.

Peruzza 1986 {published data only}

Peruzza M, DeJacobis M. A double‐blind placebo controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular or degenerative senile cerebral dysfunction. Advances in Therapeutics 1986;3(4):201‐209.

Pitzus no year {published data only}

Pitzus F. A double‐blind parallel group placebo controlled evaluation of the safety and efficacy of Vinpocetine in the treatment of patients with chronic vascular or degenerative senile cerebral dysfunction. Unknown no year.

Tanashyan 2007 {published data only}

Tanashyan MM, Lagoda OV, Fedin PA, Konovalov RN, Rodionova YV, Suslina ZA. The use of vinpocetine in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S S Korsakova 2007;107(10):41‐44.

Thal 1989 {published data only}

Thal LJ, Salmon DP, Lasker B, Bower D, Klauber MR. The safety and lack of efficacy of vinpocetine in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1989;37(6):515‐520.

Valikovics 2007 {published data only}

Valikovics A. Investigation of the effect of vinpocetine on cerebral blood flow and cognitive  functions. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007;60:301‐310.

Vamosi 1976 {published data only}

Vamosi B, Molnar L, Demeter J, Tury F. Comparative study of the effect of ethyl apovincaminate and xantinol nicotinate in cerebrovascular diseases. Immediate drug effects on the concentrations of carbohydrate metabolites and electrolytes in blood and CSF. Arzneimittelforschung 1976;26(10a):1980‐1984.

Wolters 1992 {published data only}

Wolters EC, Scheltens P, Zawrt J, et al. A double blind placebo and piracetam controlled multicenter trial of vinpocetine in dementia of Alzheimer's type and vascular dementia. Neurobiology of Aging 1992;13(supplement 1):S127.

Zakharov 2007 {published data only}

Zakharov VV. Lokshina AB. Stakhovskaia LV. Timerbaeva SL, Lagoda OV. The use of the combined drug vinpotropil at early stages of cerebrovascular insufficiency. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2007;107(9):76‐78.

APA 1987

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 3rd Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1987.

APA 1994

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

Bereczki 1997

Bereczki D, Fekete I. Vinpocetine for acute ischaemic stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1997, Issue 1.

Bönöczk 2000

Bönöczk P, Gulyás B, Adam‐Vizi V, Nemes A, Kárpáti E, Kiss B, Kapás M, Szántay C, Koncz I, Zelles T, Vas A. Role of sodium channel inhibiton in neuroprotection: effect of vinpocetine. Brain Research Bulletin 2000;53:245‐254.

Coleston 1988

Coleston DM, Hindmarch I. Possible emeory‐enhancing properties of vinpocetine. Drug Development and Research 1988;14:191‐193.

DeNoble 1986

DeNoble VJ, Repetti SJ, Gelpke LW, Wood LM, Keim KL. Vinpocetine: nootropic effects on scopolamine‐induced and hypoxia‐induced retrieval deficits of a step‐through passive avoidance response in rats. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Behaviour 1986;24:1123‐1128.

DeNoble 1987

DeNoble VJ. Vinpocetine enhances retrieval of a step‐through passive avoidance response in rats. Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Behaviour 1987;26:183‐186.

Erdo 1990

Erdo SL, Ning‐Sheng C, Wolff JR, Kiss B. Vinpocetine protects against excitotoxic cell death in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortex. European Journal of Pharmacology 1990;187:551‐553.

Erzigkeit 1986

Erzigkeit H. Manual zum SKT. Formen A‐E. Ebersburg: VLESS‐Verlagsgesellschaft, 1986.

Folstein 1975

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini‐mental state: A practical method for grading cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975;12:189‐198.

Guy 1976

Guy W. Clinical Global assessment Scale (CGI). In: Guy W editor(s). ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. Rockville Md: US Dept of Health Education and Welfare, National Institute of Mental Health, 1976:218‐222.

Hayakawa 1992

Hayakawa M. Effect of vinpocetine on red blood cell deformability in stroke patients. Arzneim‐Forsch/Drug Research 1992;42:425‐427.

Krieglstein 1991

Krieglstein J, Rischke R. Vinpocetine increases the neuroprotective effect of adenosine in vitro. European Journal of Pharmacology 1991;205:7‐10.

Kuzuya 1982

Kuzuya F. Effects of vinpocetine on platelet aggregability and erythrocyte deformability. Geriatric Medicine 1982;20:151‐156.

Lauter 1980

Lauter H. Psychologie des 20 Jahrhunderts [Psychologie des 20 Jahrhunderts]. In: Peters UH editor(s). Demenzen. Vol. X, Psychiatrie, Kindler, 1980:637‐663.

McKhann 1984

McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Report of the NINCDS‐ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;4:939‐944.

Molnár 1995

Molnár P, Erdo SL. Vinpocetine is as potent as phenytoin to block voltage‐gated Na channels in rat cortical neurons. European Journal of Pharmacology 1995;27:303‐306.

Mulrow 1997 [Computer program]

Mulrow CD, Oxman AD. Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Oxford: The Cochrane Collaboration, 1997.

Nagy 1998

Nagy Z, Vargha P, Kovacs L, Bonoczk P. Meta‐analysis of cavinton. Praxis 1998;7(S):1‐7.

Rataud 1994

Rataud J, Debornot F, Mary V, Pratt J, Stutzmann JM. Comparative study of voltage‐sensitive sodium channel blockers in focal ischaemia and electric convulsions in rodens. Neuroscience Letters 1994;172:19‐23.

Román 1993

Román CG, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, et al. Vascular dementia: Diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS ‐AIREN International Workshop. Neurology 1993;43:250‐260.

Szakall 1998

Szakall Sz, Boros I, Balkay L, et al. Cerebral effects of a single dose of intravenous vinpocetine in chronic stroke patients: a PET study. Journal of Neuroimaging 1998;8:197‐204.

WHO 1992

World Health Organisation. International Classification of Disease (ICD‐10). Geneva: WHO, 1992.

Referencias de otras versiones publicadas de esta revisión

Ir a:

Szatmari 2003

Szatmari Sz, Whitehouse PJ. Vinpocetine for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003119]

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of included studies [ordered by study ID]

Ir a:

Blaha 1989

Methods

Multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, method of randomization not detailed.

Participants

Degenerative and vascular dementia mild to moderate severity, fulfilling Lauter's criteria. Other types of dementia or extra/ intracranial causes excluded. The study was performed in Germany. Number of patients treated with different doses of vinpocetine: 161, and those with placebo: 56. The mean age of patients (either sex) was 74 years (range: 58‐91)

Interventions

Vinpocetine or placebo 3x5 or 3x10 or 3x20 mg/day, oral route, for 12 weeks

Outcomes

CGI and SKT for efficacy

Notes

completers analysis
Fenzl 1986

Methods

Multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, method of randomization not detailed.

Participants

Degenerative and vascular dementia mild to moderate severity, fulfilling Lauter's criteria. Other types of dementia or extra/ intracranial causes excluded. The study was performed in Germany. Number of patients treated with different doses of vinpocetine: 111, and those with placebo: 53. The mean age of patients (either sex) was 72.5 years in placebo group and 73.1 years in vinpocetine group (all above 60 years).

Interventions

Vinpocetine or placebo 3x20 mg/day, oral route, for 1 year

Outcomes

CGI and SKT for efficacy

Notes

completers analysis
Hindmarch 1991

Methods

Multicentre, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, method of randomization not detailed.

Participants

Degenerative and vascular dementia mild to moderate severity, fulfiling Lauter's criteria. Other types of dementia or extra/ intracranial causes excluded. The study was performed in Germany. Number of patients treated with vinpocetine: 105, and those with placebo: 96. The mean age of patients (either sex) was 74.1 years in placebo group and 72.9 and 74.2 years in vinpocetine groups (range: 60‐88 years).

Interventions

Vinpocetine or placebo 3x10 or 3x20 mg/day, oral route, for 16 weeks

Outcomes

CGI and SKT for efficacy

Notes

completers analysis

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Ir a:

Study

Reason for exclusion

Balestreri 1987

Described as double‐blind placebo controlled but no mention of randomization. Elderly patients with chronic cerebral dysfunction.

Filimonov 2007

No placebo group.

Ivanova 2008

Open‐label study using vinpotropil in patients with chronic “vertebrobasilar insufficiency”, ischaemic stroke in carotid territory and cerebral ischaemia after ruptured aneurism.

Kishimoto 1995

Open study, compared vinpocetine plus idebenone vs idebenone, not placebo controlled.

Kovacs no year

A review of different studies

Kuznetsov 2007

No placebo group

Manconi 1986

Described as double‐blind placebo controlled but no mention of randomisation. Patients with chronic cerebral dysfunction.

Nesterova 2008

Not RCT.

Peruzza 1986

Described as double‐blind placebo controlled but no mention of randomization. Elderly patients with chronic cerebral dysfunction.

Pitzus no year

Same data of Manconi 1986

Tanashyan 2007

Not RCT.

Thal 1989

Oben‐label pilot trial.

Valikovics 2007

No placebo group.

Vamosi 1976

Vinpocetine vs xantinol nicotinate. Not placebo controlled. Cognitive status was not evaluated.

Wolters 1992

Double‐blind placebo and piracetam controlled, not randomized study.

Zakharov 2007

No placebo group.

Data and analyses

Open in table viewer
Comparison 1. vinpocetine vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 CGI improvement Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.1
Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 1 CGI improvement.

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 1 CGI improvement.

1.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day after 12 weeks

1

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [0.61, 3.30]

1.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day after 12 ‐ 16 weeks

2

222

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.50 [1.30, 4.82]

1.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 12 weeks

1

109

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.66 [1.04, 6.81]

1.4 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 12‐16 weeks

2

218

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [1.40, 5.46]

1.5 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 26 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

1.6 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 52 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.2
Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline).

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline).

2.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day at 12 weeks

1

108

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐1.90, 0.10]

2.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day at 12‐16 weeks

2

222

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.18 [‐1.93, ‐0.42]

2.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day at 12‐16 weeks

3

418

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.94 [‐1.50, ‐0.39]

2.4 vinpocetine 60 mg at 52 weeks

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.40 [‐2.58, ‐0.22]

3 side effects Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only
Analysis 1.3
Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 3 side effects.

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 3 side effects.

3.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day (12 weeks of treatment)

1

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.88 [0.43, 8.29]

3.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day (12‐16 weeks of treatment)

3

224

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.63 [1.04, 6.64]

3.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day (12‐16 weeks of treatment)

2

218

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.18 [0.84, 5.64]

3.4 vinpocetine 60 mg/day (12 ‐ 52 weeks of treatment)

3

419

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.71, 2.21]

4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint Show forest plot

3

583

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.27 [2.18, 4.91]
Analysis 1.4
Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint.

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint.

4.1 mean dose 30mg/day, endpoint 12 weeks

1

217

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.99 [1.00, 3.94]

4.2 mean dose 45mg/day, endpoint 16 weeks

1

165

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.92 [1.30, 6.55]

4.3 dose 60mg/day, endpoint 26 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint Show forest plot

3

582

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.19 [‐1.73, ‐0.66]
Analysis 1.5
Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint.

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint.

5.1 mean dose 35 mg/day

1

217

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.10 [‐1.88, ‐0.32]

5.2 mean dose 45 mg/day

1

165

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.20 [‐2.15, ‐0.25]

5.3 mean dose 60 mg/day

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.40 [‐2.58, ‐0.22]

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 1 CGI improvement.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 1 CGI improvement.

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Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline).

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 3 side effects.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 3 side effects.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 vinpocetine vs placebo, Outcome 5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint.

Ir a la figura de la revisiónAbrir en una pestaña nueva
Comparison 1. vinpocetine vs placebo

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 CGI improvement Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day after 12 weeks

1

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.42 [0.61, 3.30]

1.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day after 12 ‐ 16 weeks

2

222

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.50 [1.30, 4.82]

1.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 12 weeks

1

109

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.66 [1.04, 6.81]

1.4 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 12‐16 weeks

2

218

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [1.40, 5.46]

1.5 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 26 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

1.6 vinpocetine 60 mg/day after 52 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

2 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) Show forest plot

3

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day at 12 weeks

1

108

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐1.90, 0.10]

2.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day at 12‐16 weeks

2

222

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.18 [‐1.93, ‐0.42]

2.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day at 12‐16 weeks

3

418

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.94 [‐1.50, ‐0.39]

2.4 vinpocetine 60 mg at 52 weeks

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.40 [‐2.58, ‐0.22]

3 side effects Show forest plot

3

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 vinpocetine 15 mg/day (12 weeks of treatment)

1

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.88 [0.43, 8.29]

3.2 vinpocetine 30 mg/day (12‐16 weeks of treatment)

3

224

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.63 [1.04, 6.64]

3.3 vinpocetine 60 mg/day (12‐16 weeks of treatment)

2

218

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.18 [0.84, 5.64]

3.4 vinpocetine 60 mg/day (12 ‐ 52 weeks of treatment)

3

419

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.71, 2.21]

4 CGI Numbers who show improvement by endpoint Show forest plot

3

583

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.27 [2.18, 4.91]

4.1 mean dose 30mg/day, endpoint 12 weeks

1

217

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.99 [1.00, 3.94]

4.2 mean dose 45mg/day, endpoint 16 weeks

1

165

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.92 [1.30, 6.55]

4.3 dose 60mg/day, endpoint 26 weeks

1

201

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.5 [2.76, 10.98]

5 SKT attention and memory (change from baseline) at endpoint Show forest plot

3

582

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.19 [‐1.73, ‐0.66]

5.1 mean dose 35 mg/day

1

217

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.10 [‐1.88, ‐0.32]

5.2 mean dose 45 mg/day

1

165

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.20 [‐2.15, ‐0.25]

5.3 mean dose 60 mg/day

1

200

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.40 [‐2.58, ‐0.22]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. vinpocetine vs placebo
Ir a la tabla de la revisión