1 Time to regain birth weight (days from birth) Show forest plot

2

166

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.00 [‐5.81, ‐2.18]

2 Short term weight change (g/kg/day) Show forest plot

8

702

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.58 [1.98, 3.17]

2.1 Term formula

3

234

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.74 [0.96, 2.53]

2.2 Preterm formula

5

468

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.71 [2.79, 4.63]

3 Short‐term change in crown‐heel length (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

494

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.36 [0.87, 1.85]

3.1 Term formula

2

128

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.10, 1.50]

3.2 Preterm formula

5

366

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.93 [1.23, 2.62]

4 Short‐term change in crown‐rump length (mm/week) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5 Short‐term change in femoral length (mm/week) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6 Short‐term change in head circumference (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

568

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.21 [0.75, 1.67]

6.1 Term formula

2

128

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.15, 1.47]

6.2 Preterm formula

5

440

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.59 [0.95, 2.24]

7 Weight (kg) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐0.26, 0.21]

8 Length (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.64, 0.70]

9 Head circumference (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.13, 0.53]

10 Weight (kg) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.15, 0.35]

11 Length (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.53 [‐0.15, 1.20]

12 Head circumference (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.19, 0.39]

13 Weight (kg) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.56 [‐1.42, 0.29]

14 Length (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐1.12, 1.23]

15 Head circumference (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.19 [‐0.54, 0.16]

16 Bayley Mental Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

387

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.24 [‐2.62, 5.09]

17 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

387

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.32 [‐3.43, 2.79]

18 Neurological impairment at 18 months Show forest plot

2

400

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.21 [0.62, 2.35]

19 All‐cause mortality Show forest plot

4

721

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.33 [0.79, 2.25]

20 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

6

869

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.77 [1.40, 5.46]

20.1 Term formula

1

67

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.73 [0.52, 43.09]

20.2 Preterm formula

5

802

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.61 [1.27, 5.35]

21 Days after birth to establish full enteral feeding Show forest plot

1

53

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.70 [‐2.56, 11.96]

22 Feeding intolerance or diarrhoea Show forest plot

2

148

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.01, 0.19]

22.1 Term formula

1

67

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.21 [0.04, 0.38]

22.2 Preterm formula

1

81

Risk Difference (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.02 [‐0.06, 0.10]

23 Incidence of invasive infection Show forest plot

2

219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.84, 1.49]

1 Short‐term weight change (g/kg/day) Show forest plot

8

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Sole diet

6

421

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.65 [1.94, 3.36]

1.2 Supplement

2

281

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.39 [1.28, 3.50]

2 Short‐term change in crown‐heel length (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Sole diet

5

283

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.54 [0.98, 2.11]

2.2 Supplement

2

211

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.75 [‐0.28, 1.78]

3 Short‐term change in head circumference (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Sole diet

5

305

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.36 [0.85, 1.88]

3.2 Supplement

2

263

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.59 [‐0.44, 1.62]

4 Weight (kg) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Sole diet

1

110

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.27, 0.67]

4.2 Supplement

1

259

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.37, 0.17]

5 Length (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Sole diet

1

110

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.40 [‐0.93, 1.73]

5.2 Supplement

1

259

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.10 [‐0.88, 0.68]

6 Head circumference (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Sole diet

1

110

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.45, 0.85]

6.2 Supplement

1

259

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.18, 0.58]

7 Weight (kg) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Sole diet

1

136

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.37, 0.57]

7.2 Supplement

1

302

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.19, 0.39]

8 Length (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 Sole diet

1

136

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.60 [‐0.68, 1.88]

8.2 Supplement

1

302

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐0.29, 1.29]

9 Head circumference (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Sole diet

1

136

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.44, 0.64]

9.2 Supplement

1

302

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.25, 0.45]

10 Weight (kg) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 Sole diet

1

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐1.24, 2.24]

10.2 Supplement

1

290

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.90 [‐1.88, 0.08]

11 Length (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐1.12, 1.23]

11.1 Sole diet

1

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.0 [‐1.26, 3.26]

11.2 Supplement

1

290

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.30 [‐1.68, 1.08]

12 Head circumference (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.19 [‐0.54, 0.16]

12.1 Sole diet

1

130

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.56, 0.76]

12.2 Supplement

1

290

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.30 [‐0.71, 0.11]

13 Bayley Mental Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Sole diet

1

114

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.5 [‐6.21, 7.21]

13.2 Supplement

1

273

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.60 [‐3.11, 6.31]

14 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

14.1 Sole diet

1

114

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.20 [‐4.38, 6.78]

14.2 Supplement

1

273

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.0 [‐4.74, 2.74]

15 Neurological impairment at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 Sole diet

1

122

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.06 [0.64, 6.68]

15.2 Supplement

1

278

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.40, 2.10]

16 All‐cause mortality Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

16.1 Sole diet

2

212

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.70 [0.71, 4.07]

16.2 Supplement

2

509

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.16 [0.60, 2.24]

17 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

17.1 Sole diet

4

360

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.62 [1.47, 14.56]

17.2 Supplement

2

509

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.96 [0.82, 4.67]

18 Feeding intolerance or diarrhoea Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

18.1 Sole diet

2

148

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.92 [1.17, 20.70]

19 Incidence of invasive infection Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

19.1 Sole diet

1

53

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.43 [0.97, 2.11]

19.2 Supplement

1

166

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.66, 1.44]

1 Short‐term weight change (g/kg/day) Show forest plot

8

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

6

483

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.54 [1.89, 3.19]

1.2 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.80 [1.20, 4.39]

2 Short‐term change in crown‐heel length (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

5

275

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.26 [0.72, 1.80]

2.2 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.86 [0.64, 3.07]

3 Short‐term change in head circumference (mm/week) Show forest plot

7

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

3.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

5

349

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.29 [0.79, 1.80]

3.2 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.83 [‐0.25, 1.91]

4 Weight (kg) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

4.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.03 [‐0.26, 0.21]

5 Length (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.64, 0.70]

6 Head circumference (cm) at 9 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

369

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.20 [‐0.13, 0.53]

7 Weight (kg) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

7.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.15, 0.35]

8 Length (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

8.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.53 [‐0.15, 1.20]

9 Head circumference (cm) at 18 months post‐term Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

9.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

438

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [‐0.19, 0.39]

10 Weight (kg) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

10.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.56 [‐1.42, 0.29]

11 Length (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

11.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.05 [‐1.12, 1.23]

12 Head circumference (cm) at 7.5 to 8 years of age Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

12.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

420

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.19 [‐0.54, 0.16]

13 Bayley Mental Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

13.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

387

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.24 [‐2.62, 5.09]

14 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

14.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

387

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.32 [‐3.43, 2.79]

15 Neurological impairment at 18 months Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

15.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

400

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.21 [0.62, 2.35]

16 All‐cause mortality Show forest plot

4

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

16.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

502

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.29 [0.73, 2.29]

16.2 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.42, 5.51]

17 Necrotising enterocolitis Show forest plot

6

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

17.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

4

650

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

3.30 [1.16, 9.41]

17.2 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.40 [0.98, 5.87]

18 Feeding intolerance or diarrhoea Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

18.1 Unfortified donor breast milk

2

148

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.92 [1.17, 20.70]

19 Incidence of invasive infection Show forest plot

2

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

19.1 Fortified donor breast milk

2

219

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.12 [0.84, 1.49]