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Study flow diagram.
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Figure 1

Study flow diagram.

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Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
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Figure 2

Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.

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Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.
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Figure 3

Methodological quality graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).
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Figure 4

Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).

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Pie chart depicting the number of participants from each specialty included in the meta‐analysis.
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Figure 5

Pie chart depicting the number of participants from each specialty included in the meta‐analysis.

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Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).
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Figure 6

Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).

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Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).
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Figure 7

Funnel plot of comparison: Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings (all specialties).

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Comparison 1 Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.

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Comparison 2 Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.

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Comparison 3 Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.
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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings, Outcome 1 All Specialties.

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Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 1 Method of randomisation.
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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 1 Method of randomisation.

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Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 2 Unit of Analysis for randomisation.
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Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 2 Unit of Analysis for randomisation.

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Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 3 Use of background method of thromboprophylaxis.
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Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 3 Use of background method of thromboprophylaxis.

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Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 4 Method of diagnosis.
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Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 Sensitivity analysis, Outcome 4 Method of diagnosis.

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Comparison 1. Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 All Specialties Show forest plot

19

2745

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.26, 0.41]

1.1 General Surgery

9

1378

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [0.20, 0.38]

1.2 Orthopaedic Surgery

6

598

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.32, 0.68]

1.3 Other Specialties

4

769

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.28 [0.16, 0.48]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Incidence of DVT with stockings and without stockings
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Comparison 2. Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 All Specialties Show forest plot

8

1035

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.26 [0.13, 0.53]

1.1 General Surgery

2

316

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.14 [0.00, 6.82]

1.2 Orthopaedic Surgery

4

398

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.25 [0.12, 0.53]

1.3 Other Specialties

2

321

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.52 [0.05, 5.03]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Incidence of proximal DVT with stockings and without stockings
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Comparison 3. Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 All Specialties Show forest plot

5

569

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.15, 0.96]

1.1 General Surgery

2

271

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.09, 1.24]

1.2 Orthopaedic Surgery

3

298

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.44 [0.12, 1.58]

1.3 Other Specialties

0

0

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Incidence of PE with stockings and without stockings
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Comparison 4. Sensitivity analysis

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Method of randomisation Show forest plot

19

2745

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.26, 0.41]

1.1 Method of randomisation inappropriate or not reported

11

1457

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.31 [0.23, 0.42]

1.2 Appropriate method of randomisation

8

1288

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.36 [0.26, 0.50]

2 Unit of Analysis for randomisation Show forest plot

19

2745

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.26, 0.41]

2.1 Individual patients

13

1681

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.29, 0.49]

2.2 Individual legs

6

1064

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.23 [0.15, 0.35]

3 Use of background method of thromboprophylaxis Show forest plot

19

2745

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.26, 0.41]

3.1 Trials without background thromboprophylaxis

9

1497

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.38 [0.29, 0.50]

3.2 Trials with background thromboprophylaxis

10

1248

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.25 [0.17, 0.36]

4 Method of diagnosis Show forest plot

19

2745

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.33 [0.26, 0.41]

4.1 Fibrogen uptake test alone

7

1101

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.27 [0.18, 0.39]

4.2 Fibrinogen uptake test & phlebography

6

1013

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.29 [0.19, 0.43]

4.3 Ultrasonography

2

238

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.48 [0.25, 0.94]

4.4 Phlebography

4

393

Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.29, 0.75]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Sensitivity analysis
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