Venepuncture versus heel lance for blood sampling in term neonates

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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 1 Need for more than one skin puncture.

Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 2 Pain response using NIPS score.

Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 3 Maternal anxiety score prior to the procedure.

Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 4 Infant's pain score as rated by the mother.

Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 5 Cry within 60 seconds of the skin puncture.

Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 6 PIPP‐score.

Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 7 Sampling time (seconds).

Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 Venepuncture vs. heel lance, Outcome 8 Need for more than two skin punctures.

Comparison 1. Venepuncture vs. heel lance

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Need for more than one skin puncture Show forest plot	3	204	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.18, 0.49]

2 Pain response using NIPS score Show forest plot	2	81	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.84 [‐2.61, ‐1.06]

3 Maternal anxiety score prior to the procedure Show forest plot	1	27	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.34, 1.26]

4 Infant's pain score as rated by the mother Show forest plot	1	27	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.80 [‐1.18, ‐0.42]

5 Cry within 60 seconds of the skin puncture Show forest plot	1	117	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.41, 0.81]

6 PIPP‐score Show forest plot	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.46 [‐4.29, ‐0.63]

7 Sampling time (seconds) Show forest plot	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	57.5 [‐23.64, 138.64]

8 Need for more than two skin punctures Show forest plot	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.0 [0.62, 40.28]

Comparison 1. Venepuncture vs. heel lance