Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.1 Stopping breastfeeding (any) before last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.1 Stopping breastfeeding (any) before last study assessment up to 6 months.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.3 Stopping breastfeeding (any) at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.3 Stopping breastfeeding (any) at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 All forms of support versus usual care, outcome: 1.4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 1 Stopping breastfeeding (any) before last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 1 Stopping breastfeeding (any) before last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 3 Stopping breastfeeding (any) at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 3 Stopping breastfeeding (any) at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 5 Stopping any breastfeeding at different times.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 5 Stopping any breastfeeding at different times.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 6 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at different times.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 6 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at different times.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 7 Duration of breastfeeding (mean number of days).
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.7

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 7 Duration of breastfeeding (mean number of days).

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 8 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at up to six months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.8

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 8 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at up to six months.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 9 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to six months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.9

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 9 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to six months.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 10 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.10

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 10 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 11 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.11

Comparison 1 All forms of support versus usual care, Outcome 11 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.3

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 3.4

Comparison 3 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding at last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding at last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 4.4

Comparison 4 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at last assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.2

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at last assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.3

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 5.4

Comparison 5 All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months.

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment.

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.3

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 6.4

Comparison 6 All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts, Outcome 4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks.

Comparison 1. All forms of support versus usual care

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping breastfeeding (any) before last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment Show forest plot

33

11961

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.82, 0.91]

3 Stopping breastfeeding (any) at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

25

8513

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

7693

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.61, 0.89]

5 Stopping any breastfeeding at different times Show forest plot

43

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

5.1 Before 4 to 6 weeks

25

8513

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

5.2 Before 2 months

8

2520

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.71, 0.99]

5.3 Before 3 months

20

6859

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.75, 0.92]

5.4 Before 4 months

9

3780

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.77, 0.96]

5.5 Before 6 months

15

5346

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.79, 0.98]

5.6 Before 9 months

2

688

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.81, 0.99]

5.7 Before 12 months

3

2012

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.84, 1.07]

6 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at different times Show forest plot

34

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

6.1 Before 4 to 6 weeks

24

7693

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.61, 0.89]

6.2 Before 2 months

7

1524

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.46, 0.89]

6.3 Before 3 months

12

2896

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.66 [0.52, 0.82]

6.4 Before 4 months

9

3400

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.54, 0.88]

6.5 Before 5 months

1

590

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.47 [0.40, 0.54]

6.6 Before 6 months

8

3149

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.82, 0.97]

7 Duration of breastfeeding (mean number of days) Show forest plot

1

60

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

48.00 [‐10.98, 106.98]

8 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at up to six months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

8.1 studies at low risk of bias

22

8795

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.88, 0.98]

8.2 Risk of bias unclear or high

18

5432

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.83, 0.96]

9 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to six months Show forest plot

33

11961

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.82, 0.91]

9.1 Studies at low risk of bias

19

7681

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.90, 0.98]

9.2 Unclear or high risk of bias

14

4280

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.63 [0.45, 0.89]

10 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

25

8513

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

10.1 Studies at low risk of bias

13

4985

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.86, 1.00]

10.2 Unclear or high risk of bias

12

3528

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.68, 1.03]

11 Sensitivity analysis by risk of bias: stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

7693

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.61, 0.89]

11.1 Studies at low risk of bias

14

5283

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.75, 0.98]

11.2 Unclear of high risk of bias

10

2410

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.59 [0.43, 0.80]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. All forms of support versus usual care
Comparison 2. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

1.1 Professional support

26

9644

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.88, 0.99]

1.2 Lay support

9

3109

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.77, 0.93]

1.3 Both professional and lay support

5

1474

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.91, 1.03]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment Show forest plot

33

11961

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.82, 0.91]

2.1 Professional support

18

6537

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.88, 0.98]

2.2 Lay support

12

4350

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.64, 0.87]

2.3 Both professional and lay support

3

1074

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.76 [0.44, 1.32]

3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

26

9148

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.78, 0.94]

3.1 Professional support

16

5685

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.73, 0.95]

3.2 Lay support

7

2541

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.73, 1.06]

3.3 Both professional and lay support

3

922

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.68, 1.11]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

7667

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.61, 0.89]

4.1 Professional support

15

4408

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.75 [0.57, 0.99]

4.2 Lay support

7

2114

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.64 [0.45, 0.92]

4.3 Both professional and lay support

2

1145

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.89, 0.99]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by who delivered the intervention
Comparison 3. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

1.1 Predominant telephone support

3

677

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.65, 1.17]

1.2 Predominant face‐to‐face contact

16

7859

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.84, 0.96]

1.3 Balanced telephone and face‐to‐face support

21

5691

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.87, 0.99]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

33

11475

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.87, 0.94]

2.1 Predominant telephone support

2

419

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.0 [0.99, 1.01]

2.2 Predominant face‐to‐face contact

17

7113

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.75, 0.88]

2.3 Balanced telephone and face‐to‐face

14

3943

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.98 [0.94, 1.02]

3 Stopping any breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

8409

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

3.1 Predominant telephone support

2

599

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.70 [0.31, 1.58]

3.2 Predominant face‐to‐face contact

10

4178

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.82 [0.70, 0.95]

3.3 Balanced telephone and face‐to‐face

12

3632

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.84, 1.06]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

23

7044

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.72 [0.58, 0.90]

4.1 Predominant telephone support

2

419

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.96 [0.68, 1.35]

4.2 Predominant face‐to‐face contact

12

3889

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.62 [0.51, 0.77]

4.3 Balanced telephone and face‐to‐face

9

2736

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.88, 1.01]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by type of support
Comparison 4. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping any breastfeeding at last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

1.1 Postnatal support alone

27

9527

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.86, 0.97]

1.2 Antenatal component to support

13

4700

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.86, 0.99]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

32

11371

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.86, 0.94]

2.1 Postnatal support alone

21

7113

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.81, 0.94]

2.2 Antenatal component to support

11

4258

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.87, 0.98]

3 Stopping any breastfeeding at 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

8595

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

3.1 Postnatal support alone

17

6062

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.84 [0.75, 0.95]

3.2 Antenatal component to support

7

2533

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.84, 1.06]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

23

7044

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.72 [0.58, 0.90]

4.1 Postnatal support alone

18

5425

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.68 [0.46, 1.02]

4.2 Antenatal component to support

5

1619

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.77, 1.01]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by timing of support
Comparison 5. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping any breastfeeding by last assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

39

14071

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.88, 0.96]

1.1 Settings with high breastfeeding initiation rates

14

6549

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.82, 0.98]

1.2 Settings with Intermediate initiation rates

15

5396

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.88, 1.00]

1.3 Settings with low initiation rates

10

2126

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.84, 1.00]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at last assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

31

11185

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.86, 0.94]

2.1 Settings with high breastfeeding initiation rates

19

7606

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.78, 0.89]

2.2 Settings with Intermediate initiation rates

7

2210

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.79, 1.01]

2.3 Settings with low initiation rates

5

1369

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.99, 1.01]

3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

23

7804

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.87 [0.79, 0.96]

3.1 Settings with high breastfeeding initiation rates

5

1897

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.55, 0.85]

3.2 Settings with Intermediate initiation rates

12

4369

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.93 [0.83, 1.05]

3.3 Settings with low initiation rates

6

1538

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.89 [0.79, 1.00]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

22

6858

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.71 [0.56, 0.90]

4.1 Settings with high breastfeeding initiation rates

11

3568

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.61 [0.47, 0.80]

4.2 Settings with Intermediate initiation rates

6

1921

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.81 [0.68, 0.96]

4.3 Settings with low initiation rates

5

1369

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.97 [0.86, 1.08]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. All forms of support versus usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by breastfeeding initiation
Comparison 6. All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Stopping any breastfeeding before last study assessment up to 6 months Show forest plot

40

14227

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.88, 0.96]

1.1 Unspecified number of contacts

5

2747

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.87, 1.02]

1.2 Less than 4 postnatal contacts

10

3667

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.82, 1.01]

1.3 Between 4 and 8 postnatal contacts

13

3183

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.75, 0.96]

1.4 9 or more postnatal contacts

12

4630

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.88, 1.01]

2 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding before last study assessment Show forest plot

33

11961

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.86 [0.82, 0.91]

2.1 Unspecified number of contacts

2

1102

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.99 [0.88, 1.11]

2.2 Less than 4 postnatal contacts

8

2550

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.84, 1.01]

2.3 Between 4 and 8 postnatal contacts

13

3943

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.71 [0.60, 0.84]

2.4 9 or more postnatal contacts

10

4366

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.78, 0.99]

3 Stopping any breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

25

8513

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.88 [0.81, 0.96]

3.1 Unspecified number of contacts

4

1943

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.83, 1.06]

3.2 Less than 4 postnatal contacts

10

3949

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.83 [0.70, 0.97]

3.3 Between 4 and 8 postnatal contacts

5

554

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.80 [0.56, 1.15]

3.4 9 or more postnatal contacts

6

2067

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.92 [0.77, 1.11]

4 Stopping exclusive breastfeeding at up to 4‐6 weeks Show forest plot

24

7693

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.74 [0.61, 0.89]

4.1 Unspecified number of contacts

3

1284

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.91 [0.78, 1.06]

4.2 Less than 4 postnatal contacts

9

2906

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.90 [0.84, 0.96]

4.3 Between 4 and 8 postnatal contacts

5

556

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.52 [0.31, 0.87]

4.4 9 or more postnatal contacts

7

2947

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.69 [0.28, 1.74]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 6. All forms of support vs usual care: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS by number of postnatal contacts