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Comparison 1 Effect of advice versus control (subgroups by intensity), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Effect of advice versus control (subgroups by intensity), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).

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Comparison 2 Effect of intensive advice versus minimal advice, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Effect of intensive advice versus minimal advice, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).

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Comparison 3 Effect of number of advice sessions (direct comparison and subgroup analysis), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).
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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Effect of number of advice sessions (direct comparison and subgroup analysis), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).

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Comparison 4 Effect of aids as adjuncts to advice (direct comparison and subgroup analysis), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).
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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Effect of aids as adjuncts to advice (direct comparison and subgroup analysis), Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up).

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Comparison 5 Direct comparisons between types of advice, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (maximum follow up).
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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Direct comparisons between types of advice, Outcome 1 Smoking cessation (maximum follow up).

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Comparison 6 Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity, Outcome 1 Number of events during 20 years follow up.
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Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity, Outcome 1 Number of events during 20 years follow up.

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Comparison 6 Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity, Outcome 2 Number of events during 33 years follow up.
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Analysis 6.2

Comparison 6 Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity, Outcome 2 Number of events during 33 years follow up.

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Comparison 1. Effect of advice versus control (subgroups by intensity)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up) Show forest plot

26

22240

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.76 [1.58, 1.95]

1.1 Minimal intervention

17

13724

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.66 [1.42, 1.94]

1.2 Intensive intervention

11

8516

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.84 [1.60, 2.13]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Effect of advice versus control (subgroups by intensity)
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Comparison 2. Effect of intensive advice versus minimal advice

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up) Show forest plot

15

9775

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.37 [1.20, 1.56]

1.1 Unselected populations

10

6002

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.20 [1.02, 1.43]

1.2 High risk populations

5

3773

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.65 [1.35, 2.03]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Effect of intensive advice versus minimal advice
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Comparison 3. Effect of number of advice sessions (direct comparison and subgroup analysis)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up) Show forest plot

30

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Within‐trial comparison: with follow up versus single visit

5

1254

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.52 [1.08, 2.14]

1.2 Subgroup of interventions involving multiple visits

6

4511

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.22 [1.84, 2.68]

1.3 Subgroup of interventions with an option of more than 1 visit

3

1863

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.60 [1.21, 2.11]

1.4 Subgroup of interventions involving only 1 visit

18

14675

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.55 [1.35, 1.79]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. Effect of number of advice sessions (direct comparison and subgroup analysis)
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Comparison 4. Effect of aids as adjuncts to advice (direct comparison and subgroup analysis)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Smoking cessation (at longest follow up) Show forest plot

25

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1 Aids not used

17

14518

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.78 [1.56, 2.04]

1.2 Aids used

10

7291

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.71 [1.46, 1.99]

1.3 Aids (spirometry & CO levels) and advice versus advice only

0

0

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Effect of aids as adjuncts to advice (direct comparison and subgroup analysis)
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Comparison 5. Direct comparisons between types of advice

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Smoking cessation (maximum follow up) Show forest plot

3

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Motivational counselling versus brief advice

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Autonomy supportive versus controlling style advice

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Brief advice versus tailored letters

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 5. Direct comparisons between types of advice
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Comparison 6. Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Number of events during 20 years follow up Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

1.1 Death or registration of lung cancer

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.2 Death or registration of cancers other than lung

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.3 Death from coronary heart disease

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

1.4 Death from all causes

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2 Number of events during 33 years follow up Show forest plot

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.1 Death from coronary heart disease

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.2 Death from cardiovascular disease

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.3 Death from respiratory disease

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.4 Death from cancer

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

2.5 Death from all causes

1

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 6. Effect of advice on mortality and morbidity
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