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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, and sulphur for acne

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Information

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011368Copy DOI
Database:
  1. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Version published:
  1. 12 November 2014see what's new
Type:
  1. Intervention
Stage:
  1. Protocol
Cochrane Editorial Group:
  1. Cochrane Skin Group

Copyright:
  1. Copyright © 2014 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Authors

  • Haibo Liu

    Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

  • Haiyan Yu

    Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

  • Jun Xia

    Systematic Review Solutions Ltd, Nottingham, UK

  • Ling Liu

    Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

  • Guan J Liu

    Chinese Cochrane Centre, Chinese Evidence‐Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

  • Hong Sang

    Correspondence to: Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital (Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command), affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China

    [email protected]

Contributions of authors

HS was the contact person with the editorial base.
HL and HS co‐ordinated the contributions from the co‐authors and wrote the final draft of the protocol.
HL, HS, and JX worked on the methods sections.
HY drafted the clinical sections of the background and responded to the clinical comments of the referees.
HL and GL responded to the methodology and statistics comments of the referees.
HY, HL, HS, and JX contributed to writing the protocol.
LL was the consumer co‐author and checked the protocol for readability and clarity. She also ensured that the outcomes are relevant to consumers.
HS is the guarantor of the final review.

Disclaimer

The views and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIHR, NHS, or the Department of Health, UK.

Sources of support

Internal sources

  • Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China.

  • Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

External sources

  • The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK.

    The NIHR, UK, is the largest single funder of the Cochrane Skin Group.

Declarations of interest

Haibo Liu: Nothing to declare.
Haiyan Yu: Nothing to declare.
Jun Xia: Nothing to declare.
Ling Liu: Nothing to declare.
Guan J Liu: Nothing to declare.
Hong Sang: Nothing to declare.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Cochrane Skin Group editorial base for their support in the completion of this protocol.

The authors would also like to thank Dr Chunbo Li (Department of Biological Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China) for the comments in the preparation of the protocol.

The authors would also like to thank Hannah Jones (Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Nottingham) for the English language revision.

The Cochrane Skin Group editorial base wishes to thank Robert Dellavalle, who was the Cochrane Dermatology Editor for this protocol; Matthew Grainge and Thomas Chu, who were the Statistical Editors; Ching‐Chi Chi, who was Methods Editor; the clinical referee, Jerry Tan; and the consumer referees, Lyn Charland and Jodi Duke.

Version history

Published

Title

Stage

Authors

Version

2020 May 01

Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, sulphur, zinc and fruit acid (alpha‐hydroxy acid) for acne

Review

Haibo Liu, Haiyan Yu, Jun Xia, Ling Liu, Guan J Liu, Hong Sang, Frank Peinemann

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011368.pub2

2014 Nov 12

Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, and sulphur for acne

Protocol

Haibo Liu, Haiyan Yu, Jun Xia, Ling Liu, Guan J Liu, Hong Sang

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011368

Keywords

MeSH

PICOs

Population
Intervention
Comparison
Outcome

The PICO model is widely used and taught in evidence-based health care as a strategy for formulating questions and search strategies and for characterizing clinical studies or meta-analyses. PICO stands for four different potential components of a clinical question: Patient, Population or Problem; Intervention; Comparison; Outcome.

See more on using PICO in the Cochrane Handbook.

Table 1. Glossary of medical terms

Medical term

Explanation

Acne conglobata

A severe form of acne presenting with numerous comedones and large abscessesa

Acne fulminans

A severe form of cystic acne presenting with highly inflammatory nodules and plaquesa

Acne mechanica

A form of acne caused by the pressure of tight clothing or frictionb

Acne vulgaris

A common chronic skin disorder of sebaceous follicles, mainly affecting the face, chest, and backa

Chemokine

A group of small cytokines that act as chemical messengers to induce chemotaxis in leukocytesc

Comedone

A clogged hair follicle in the skin. It can present as a blackhead or whiteheada

Cytokine

A small protein released by cells that function as molecular messengers between cellsc

Erythema

Redness of the skin, caused by vascular congestion or increased perfusionb

Excoriated acne

Compulsive squeezing and scratching of acne lesions with resultant scabs and scarsa

Halogen acne

A form of acne caused by iodides, bromides, and halogensb

Hyperkeratosis

Thickening of the outer layer of skin often associated with a quantitative abnormality of keratinb

Keratinocytes

The predominant cell type in the epidermis, forming a touch protective layera

Microcomedones

Early and small plugging of the follicle with excess keratin and sebumb

Nodule

A solid mass in the skin, more than 0.5 cm in diameterb

Papule

A circumscribed palpable elevation, less than 0.5 cm in diameterb

Pilosebaceous unit

A structure consisting of a hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and an arrector pili muscleb

Propionibacterium acnes

Gram‐positive bacterium related to acne developmentb

Pustule

A visible accumulation of free pusb

Scar

Skin areas of fibrous tissue replacing normal skin after injuryb

Sebum

The oily, waxy substance produced by sebaceous glandsb

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis, where cells have lost nuclei and cytoplasmic organellesb

Toll‐like receptor

A class of proteins that recognise conserved products unique to microbial metabolism in immune responsec

aAndrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, 11th Edition, 2011, Elsevier Inc.

bRook's Textbook of Dermatology, Eighth Edition, 2010, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

cImmunology, Sixth Edition, 2001, Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd.

Figures and Tables -
Table 1. Glossary of medical terms
Table 2. Clinical classification of acnea

Acne vulgaris

Acne variants:

Neonatal acne

Infantile acne

Acne conglobata

Acne fulminans

SAPHO syndrome

PAPA syndrome

Acne excoriee des jeunes filles

Acne mechanica

Acne with solid facial oedema

Acne with associated endocrinology abnormalities

Acneiform eruptions:

Steroid folliculitis

Drug‐induced acne

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor associated eruption

Occupational acne and chloracne

Gram‐negative folliculitis

Radiation acne

Tropical acne

Acne aestivalis

Pseudoacne of the nasal crease

Apert syndrome

aFitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, Eighth edition, 2012, The McGraw‐Hill Companies, Inc.

Figures and Tables -
Table 2. Clinical classification of acnea