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Comparison 1 Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1, Outcome 1 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 2 hours.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1, Outcome 1 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 2 hours.

Comparison 1 Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1, Outcome 2 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 3 days.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1, Outcome 2 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 3 days.

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 1 Admissions among emergency department patients.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 1 Admissions among emergency department patients.

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 2 Emergency department returns within one week.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 2 Emergency department returns within one week.

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 3 Difference in hospital length‐of‐stay (days).
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2 Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints, Outcome 3 Difference in hospital length‐of‐stay (days).

Comparison 3 Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores, Outcome 1 Proportion with improvement in symptom score within hours.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores, Outcome 1 Proportion with improvement in symptom score within hours.

Comparison 3 Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores, Outcome 2 Change in symptoms score at 3 days.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 3.2

Comparison 3 Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores, Outcome 2 Change in symptoms score at 3 days.

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 1 Effect of methyl‐xanthines on nausea/vomiting.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 1 Effect of methyl‐xanthines on nausea/vomiting.

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 2 Effect of methylxanthines on tremor.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 4.2

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 2 Effect of methylxanthines on tremor.

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 3 Effect of methylxanthines on palpitations/arrhythmias.
Figures and Tables -
Analysis 4.3

Comparison 4 Adverse effects, Outcome 3 Effect of methylxanthines on palpitations/arrhythmias.

Comparison 1. Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 2 hours Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2 Change in FEV1 (ml) at 3 days Show forest plot

2

78

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

101.13 [25.61, 176.65]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 1. Effect of methylxanthines on FEV1
Comparison 2. Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Admissions among emergency department patients Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2 Emergency department returns within one week Show forest plot

2

91

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [0.45, 5.15]

3 Difference in hospital length‐of‐stay (days) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 2. Effect of methylxanthines on clinical endpoints
Comparison 3. Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Proportion with improvement in symptom score within hours Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2 Change in symptoms score at 3 days Show forest plot

2

78

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐1.36 [‐5.11, 2.40]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 3. Effect of methylxanthines on symptom scores
Comparison 4. Adverse effects

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Effect of methyl‐xanthines on nausea/vomiting Show forest plot

3

117

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.62 [1.70, 12.56]

2 Effect of methylxanthines on tremor Show forest plot

3

117

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.83 [0.73, 4.56]

3 Effect of methylxanthines on palpitations/arrhythmias Show forest plot

2

89

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.14 [0.87, 19.61]

Figures and Tables -
Comparison 4. Adverse effects