Topical azelaic acid, salicylic acid, nicotinamide, and sulphur for acne
References
Additional references
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| Medical term | Explanation |
| Acne conglobata | A severe form of acne presenting with numerous comedones and large abscessesa |
| Acne fulminans | A severe form of cystic acne presenting with highly inflammatory nodules and plaquesa |
| Acne mechanica | A form of acne caused by the pressure of tight clothing or frictionb |
| Acne vulgaris | A common chronic skin disorder of sebaceous follicles, mainly affecting the face, chest, and backa |
| Chemokine | A group of small cytokines that act as chemical messengers to induce chemotaxis in leukocytesc |
| Comedone | A clogged hair follicle in the skin. It can present as a blackhead or whiteheada |
| Cytokine | A small protein released by cells that function as molecular messengers between cellsc |
| Erythema | Redness of the skin, caused by vascular congestion or increased perfusionb |
| Excoriated acne | Compulsive squeezing and scratching of acne lesions with resultant scabs and scarsa |
| Halogen acne | A form of acne caused by iodides, bromides, and halogensb |
| Hyperkeratosis | Thickening of the outer layer of skin often associated with a quantitative abnormality of keratinb |
| Keratinocytes | The predominant cell type in the epidermis, forming a touch protective layera |
| Microcomedones | Early and small plugging of the follicle with excess keratin and sebumb |
| Nodule | A solid mass in the skin, more than 0.5 cm in diameterb |
| Papule | A circumscribed palpable elevation, less than 0.5 cm in diameterb |
| Pilosebaceous unit | A structure consisting of a hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and an arrector pili muscleb |
| Propionibacterium acnes | Gram‐positive bacterium related to acne developmentb |
| Pustule | A visible accumulation of free pusb |
| Scar | Skin areas of fibrous tissue replacing normal skin after injuryb |
| Sebum | The oily, waxy substance produced by sebaceous glandsb |
| Stratum corneum | The outermost layer of the epidermis, where cells have lost nuclei and cytoplasmic organellesb |
| Toll‐like receptor | A class of proteins that recognise conserved products unique to microbial metabolism in immune responsec |
| aAndrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology, 11th Edition, 2011, Elsevier Inc. bRook's Textbook of Dermatology, Eighth Edition, 2010, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. cImmunology, Sixth Edition, 2001, Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd. | |
Figures and Tables -
Table 1. Glossary of medical terms
| Acne vulgaris | |
| Acne variants: | Neonatal acne |
| Infantile acne | |
| Acne conglobata | |
| Acne fulminans | |
| SAPHO syndrome | |
| PAPA syndrome | |
| Acne excoriee des jeunes filles | |
| Acne mechanica | |
| Acne with solid facial oedema | |
| Acne with associated endocrinology abnormalities | |
| Acneiform eruptions: | Steroid folliculitis |
| Drug‐induced acne | |
| Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor associated eruption | |
| Occupational acne and chloracne | |
| Gram‐negative folliculitis | |
| Radiation acne | |
| Tropical acne | |
| Acne aestivalis | |
| Pseudoacne of the nasal crease | |
| Apert syndrome | |
| aFitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, Eighth edition, 2012, The McGraw‐Hill Companies, Inc. | |
Figures and Tables -
Table 2. Clinical classification of acnea
