Appendix 1. Standard diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

Appendix 2. Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register search strategy

From inception to present (PROCITE platform)

Keywords CONTAINS "premenstrual aggravation" or "premenstrual dysphoria" or "premenstrual dysphoric disorder" or "Premenstrual Syndrome‐Symptoms" or "premenstrual syndrome" or "Premenstrual Tension Scale" or "premenstrual symptoms" or "premenstrual symptom scores" or "premenstrual scores" or "premenstrual pain" or "premenstrual" or "PMDD" or "PMS" or Title CONTAINS "premenstrual aggravation" or "premenstrual dysphoria" or "premenstrual dysphoric disorder" or "Premenstrual Syndrome‐Symptoms" or "premenstrual syndrome" or "Premenstrual Tension Scale" or "premenstrual symptoms" or "premenstrual symptom scores" or "premenstrual scores" or "premenstrual pain" or "premenstrual" or "PMDD" or "PMS"

AND

Keywords CONTAINS "antioxidants" or "antioxidant" or "antioxidant levels" or "vitamin" or "vitamin A" or "vitamin B" or "Vitamin‐B‐12" or "Vitamin‐B‐12‐Therapeutic‐Use" or "vitamin B6" or "vitamin C" or "Vitamin D" or "vitamin E" or "vitamins" or "selenium" or "folic acid" or "*Calcium" or "potassium" or "sodium" or "Copper" or "Manganese" or "Magnesium" or "iron" or "minerals" or "Mineral" or" ascorbic acid" or "zinc" or "fatty acids" or "oil" or "fish oils" or "plant extracts" or "tocopherol" or "multivitamins" or "alpha tocopherol" or "melatonin" or "dietary supplement" or "nutritional supplement" or "nutritional supplements" or "Myo‐inositol" or "evening primrose oil" or "chromium supplementation" or "Pyridoxine" or Title CONTAINS "antioxidants" or "vitamin" or "vitamin B" or "Vitamin‐B‐12"or"vitamin B6" or "vitamin C" or "Vitamin D" or "vitamin E" or "vitamins" or"*Calcium" or ”potassium" or "sodium" or "Copper" or "Manganese" or "Magnesium" or "iron" or "minerals" or "Mineral" or "Pyridoxine"

Appendix 3. CENTRAL Register of Studies Online (CRSO) search strategy

From inception to present (Web platform)

#1 MESH DESCRIPTOR Premenstrual Syndrome EXPLODE ALL TREES

#2 (premenstrual syndrome):TI,AB,KY

#3 (pmt or pms):TI,AB,KY

#4 #1 OR #2 OR #3

#5 MESH DESCRIPTOR Vitamin B Complex EXPLODE ALL TREES

#6 MESH DESCRIPTOR Vitamins EXPLODE ALL TREES

#7 MESH DESCRIPTOR Minerals EXPLODE ALL TREES

#8 mineral*:TI,AB,KY

#9 vitamin*:TI,AB,KY

#10 MESH DESCRIPTOR Antioxidants EXPLODE ALL TREES

#11 antioxidant*:TI,AB,KY

#12 MESH DESCRIPTOR Calcium Carbonate EXPLODE ALL TREES

#13 (calcium or manganese):TI,AB,KY

#14 MESH DESCRIPTOR Manganese EXPLODE ALL TREES

#15 (iron or copper):TI,AB,KY

#16 MESH DESCRIPTOR Copper EXPLODE ALL TREES

#17 MESH DESCRIPTOR Sodium, Dietary EXPLODE ALL TREES

#18 MESH DESCRIPTOR Sodium EXPLODE ALL TREES

#19 sodium:TI,AB,KY

#20 zinc:TI,AB,KY

#21 (dietary supplement*):TI,AB,KY

#22 MESH DESCRIPTOR Dietary Supplements EXPLODE ALL TREES

#23 Nutriceutical*:TI,AB,KY

#24 MESH DESCRIPTOR Melatonin EXPLODE ALL TREES

#25 melatonin:TI,AB,KY 1371

#26 MESH DESCRIPTOR Ascorbic Acid EXPLODE ALL TREES

#27 MESH DESCRIPTOR Magnesium EXPLODE ALL TREES

#28 magnesium:TI,AB,KY

#29 multivitamin*:TI,AB,KY

#30 MESH DESCRIPTOR Fatty Acids EXPLODE ALL TREES

#31 (fatty acid*):TI,AB,KY

#32 omega:TI,AB,KY

#33 selenium:TI,AB,KY

#34 (ascorbic acid):TI,AB,KY

#35 (evening primrose):TI,AB,KY

#36 chromium:TI,AB,KY

#37 #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #27 OR #28 OR #29 OR #30 OR #31 OR #32 OR #33 OR #34 OR #35 OR #36

#38 #4 AND #37

Appendix 4. MEDLINE search strategy

From 1946 to present (OVID platform)

1 exp Premenstrual Syndrome/
2 PMS.tw.
3 luteal phase disorder$.tw.
4 premenstrual dysphoric disorder$.tw.
5 PMDD.tw.
6 premenstrual aggravation.tw.
7 premenstrual tension$.tw.
8 Premenstrual Syndrome$.tw.
9 PMT.tw.
10 or/1‐9
11 exp antioxidants/ or free radical scavengers/
12 (antioxidant$ or radical scavengers).tw.
13 exp vitamins/ or exp ascorbic acid/ or exp dehydroascorbic acid/ or exp vitamin a/ or exp vitamin e/ or exp vitamin u/ or exp alpha‐tocopherol/ or exp beta carotene/ or exp beta‐tocopherol/ or exp gamma‐tocopherol/
14 vitamin$.tw.
15 exp Minerals/ or mineral$.tw.
16 exp Zinc/
17 Potassium.tw.
18 exp potassium/
19 (zinc or selenium).tw.
20 exp Selenium/
21 sodium.tw.
22 exp sodium/
23 copper.tw.
24 exp copper/
25 manganese.tw.
26 exp manganese/
27 iron.tw.
28 exp Iron/
29 exp Glutathione Peroxidase/ or exp folic acid/
30 (Glutathione$ or folate).tw.
31 exp Ubiquinone/
32 (ubiquin$ or folic acid).tw.
33 coenzyme q10.tw.
34 exp Carnitine/
35 (carnitine$ or carotenoid$).tw.
36 (astaxanthin$ or lycopene$).tw.
37 multivitamin$.tw.
38 (betacarotene$ or beta carotene$).tw.
39 ascorbic acid.tw.
40 n‐acetylcysteine.tw.
41 exp Acetylcysteine/
42 alpha‐tocopherol$.tw.
43 (fish adj2 oil$).tw.
44 omega$.tw.
45 exp fatty acids/ or exp fish oils/ or exp cod liver oil/ or exp fatty acids, omega‐3/ or exp plant oils/
46 fatty acid$.tw.
47 (plant adj4 oil$).tw.
48 primrose oil$.tw.
49 l‐arginine$.tw.
50 flavonoid$.tw.
51 riboflavin$.tw.
52 pycnogenol$.tw.
53 lutein$.tw.
54 lipoic acid$.tw.
55 n acetyl cysteine.tw.
56 melatonin.tw.
57 dietary supplement$.tw.
58 nutritional supplement$.tw.
59 micronutrient$.tw.
60 Nutraceuticals$.tw.
61 (myoinositol or mesoinositol or Inositol).tw.
62 exp Inositol/
63 exp Calcium/ad, tu, th [Administration & Dosage, Therapeutic Use, Therapy]
64 calcium.tw.
65 exp Chromium/
66 chromium.tw.
67 magnesium.tw.
68 exp Magnesium/
69 or/11‐68
70 10 and 69 (1313)
71 randomized controlled trial.pt.
72 controlled clinical trial.pt.
73 randomized.ab.
74 randomised.ab.
75 placebo.tw.
76 clinical trials as topic.sh.
77 randomly.ab.
78 trial.ti.
79 (crossover or cross‐over or cross over).tw.
80 or/71‐79
81 exp animals/ not humans.sh.
82 80 not 81
83 70 and 82

Appendix 5. Embase search strategy

From 1980 to present (OVID platform)

1 exp Premenstrual Syndrome/
2 PMS.tw.
3 luteal phase disorder$.tw.
4 premenstrual dysphoric disorder$.tw.
5 PMDD.tw.
6 premenstrual aggravation.tw.
7 premenstrual tension$.tw.
8 Premenstrual Syndrome$.tw.
9 PMT.tw.
10 or/1‐9
11 exp antioxidants/ or free radical scavengers/
12 (antioxidant$ or radical scavengers).tw.
13 vitamin$.tw.
14 exp vitamin/ or exp ascorbic acid/ or exp carotenoid/ or exp tocopherol/
15 Potassium.tw. or exp potassium/
16 sodium.tw. or exp sodium/
17 copper.tw. or exp copper/
18 manganese.tw. or exp manganese/
19 iron.tw. or exp iron/
20 exp Zinc/
21 (zinc or selenium).tw.
22 exp Selenium/
23 exp Glutathione Peroxidase/ or exp folic acid/
24 (Glutathione$ or folate).tw.
25 exp Ubiquinone/
26 (ubiquin$ or folic acid).tw.
27 coenzyme q10.tw.
28 exp Carnitine/
29 (carnitine$ or carotenoid$).tw.
30 (astaxanthin$ or lycopene$).tw.
31 multivitamin$.tw.
32 (betacarotene$ or beta carotene$).tw.
33 ascorbic acid.tw.
34 n‐acetylcysteine.tw.
35 exp acetylcysteine/
36 n‐acetyl‐cysteine.tw.
37 alpha‐tocopherol$.tw.
38 (fish adj2 oil$).tw.
39 omega$.tw.
40 fatty acid$.tw.
41 exp edible oil/ or exp castor oil/ or exp cod liver oil/ or exp fish oil/ or exp lyprinol/ or exp olive oil/ or exp safflower oil/ or exp fatty acid/ or exp essential fatty acid/ or exp arachidonic acid/ or exp linoleic acid/ or exp linolenic acid/ or exp gamma linolenic acid/ or exp unsaturated fatty acid/ or exp omega 3 fatty acid/ or exp omega 6 fatty acid/ or exp polyunsaturated fatty acid/
42 (plant adj4 oil$).tw.
43 l‐arginine$.tw.
44 flavonoid$.tw.
45 riboflavin$.tw.
46 pycnogenol$.tw.
47 lipoic acid$.tw.
48 melatonin.tw.
49 dietary supplement$.tw.
50 micronutrient$.tw.
51 nutritional supplement$.tw.
52 Nutraceutical$.tw.
53 exp inositol/
54 (Inositol or mesoinositol or myoinositol).tw.
55 exp Pentoxifylline/ or Pentoxifylline$.tw.
56 primrose oil.tw.
57 exp Mineral/ or mineral$.tw.
58 exp calcium/ or calcium.tw.
59 exp magnesium/ or magnesium.tw.
60 exp chromium/ or chromium.tw.
61 or/11‐60
62 10 and 61
63 Clinical Trial/
64 Randomized Controlled Trial/
65 exp randomization/
66 Single Blind Procedure/
67 Double Blind Procedure/
68 Crossover Procedure/
69 Placebo/
70 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw.
71 Rct.tw.
72 random allocation.tw.
73 randomly.tw.
74 randomly allocated.tw.
75 allocated randomly.tw.
76 (allocated adj2 random).tw.
77 Single blind$.tw.
78 Double blind$.tw.
79 ((treble or triple) adj blind$).tw.
80 placebo$.tw.
81 prospective study/
82 or/63‐81
83 case study/
84 case report.tw.
85 abstract report/ or letter/
86 or/83‐85
87 82 not 86
88 (exp animal/ or animal.hw. or nonhuman/) not (exp human/ or human cell/ or (human or humans).ti.)
89 87 not 88
90 62 and 89

Appendix 6. PsycINFO search strategy

From 1806 to present (OVID platform)

1 exp Premenstrual Syndrome/
2 PMS.tw.
3 luteal phase disorder$.tw.
4 premenstrual dysphoric disorder$.tw.
5 PMDD.tw.
6 premenstrual aggravation.tw.
7 premenstrual tension$.tw.
8 Premenstrual Syndrome$.tw.
9 PMT.tw.
10 or/1‐9
11 exp Antioxidants/
12 (antioxidant$ or radical scavengers).tw.
13 exp Vitamins/
14 vitamin$.tw.
15 exp Zinc/
16 (zinc or selenium).tw.
17 (Glutathione$ or folate).tw.
18 (ubiquin$ or folic acid).tw.
19 coenzyme q10.tw.
20 (carnitine$ or carotenoid$).tw.
21 multivitamin$.tw.
22 (betacarotene$ or beta carotene$).tw.
23 ascorbic acid.tw.
24 n‐acetylcysteine.tw.
25 alpha‐tocopherol$.tw.
26 (fish adj2 oil$).tw.
27 omega$.tw.
28 exp Fatty Acids/
29 fatty acid$.tw.
30 l‐arginine$.tw.
31 melatonin.tw.
32 dietary supplement$.tw.
33 nutritional supplement$.tw.
34 micronutrient$.tw.
35 Nutraceuticals$.tw.
36 (Pentoxifylline or myoinositol or inositol).tw.
37 mineral$.tw.
38 exp POTASSIUM/
39 potassium.tw.
40 exp SODIUM/
41 exp COPPER/
42 copper.tw.
43 sodium.tw.
44 manganese.tw.
45 exp IRON/
46 iron.tw.
47 exp Dietary Supplements/
48 exp CALCIUM/
49 calcium.tw.
50 primrose oil.tw.
51 chromium.tw.
52 magnesium.tw.
53 myo inositol.tw.
54 or/11‐53
55 10 and 54
56 random.tw.
57 control.tw.
58 double‐blind.tw.
59 clinical trials/
60 placebo/
61 exp Treatment/
62 or/56‐61
63 55 and 62

Appendix 7. AMED search strategy

From 1985 to present (OVID platform)

1 exp Premenstrual syndrome/
2 premenstrual syndrome.tw.
3 PMS.tw.
4 premenstrual dysphoric disorder.tw.
5 PMDD.tw.
6 premenstrual tension.tw.
7 PMT.tw.
8 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7
9 exp Vitamins/ or exp Minerals/
10 (vitamin$ or mineral$).tw.
11 antioxidant$.tw.
12 exp Calcium/
13 calcium.tw.
14 chromium.tw.
15 copper.tw.
16 exp Copper/ or exp Iron/
17 exp Magnesium/ or exp Potassium/
18 magnesium.tw.
19 (iron or potassium).tw.
20 exp Sodium/
21 sodium.tw.
22 manganese.tw.
23 primrose oil.tw.
24 exp Antioxidants/ or exp Free radicals/
25 exp Ascorbic acid/
26 vitamin$.tw.
27 exp Zinc/
28 (zinc or selenium).tw.
29 (Glutathione$ or folate).tw.
30 exp Selenium/
31 (ubiquin$ or folic acid).tw.
32 coenzyme q10.tw.
33 exp Carnitine/
34 (carnitine$ or carotenoid$).tw.
35 multivitamin$.tw.
36 ascorbic acid.tw.
37 n‐acetylcysteine.tw.
38 Acetylcysteine.tw.
39 alpha‐tocopherol$.tw.
40 (fish adj2 oil$).tw.
41 omega$.tw.
42 exp Fatty acids/
43 exp Fish oils/
44 fatty acid$.tw.
45 (plant adj4 oil$).tw.
46 l‐arginine$.tw.
47 flavonoid$.tw.
48 riboflavin$.tw.
49 pycnogenol$.tw.
50 micronutrient$.tw.
51 nutriceutical$.tw.
52 dietary supplement$.tw.
53 Pentoxifylline$.tw.
54 (myoinositol or inositol).tw.
55 melatonin.tw.
56 exp Dietary supplements/
57 or/9‐56
58 8 and 57
59 randomized controlled trials/
60 randomized controlled trial.pt.
61 controlled clinical trial.pt.
62 placebo.ab.
63 random*.ti,ab.
64 trial.ti,ab.
65 groups.ab.
66 or/59‐65
67 58 and 66

Appendix 8. CINAHL search strategy

From inception to present (EBSCO platform)

Appendix 9. Risk of bias assessment

Assessment of risk of bias will be based on Chapter 8 of Higgins 2011.

• Random sequence generation.

• • Low risk of bias, e.g. participants assigned to treatments on the basis of a computer‐generated random sequence or a table of random numbers.

  • High risk of bias, e.g. participants assigned to treatments on the basis of date of birth, clinic ID‐number or surname, or no attempt to randomise participants.

  • Unclear risk of bias, e.g. not reported, information not available.

• Allocation concealment.

• • Low risk of bias, e.g. when the allocation sequence could not be foretold.

  • High risk of bias, e.g. allocation sequence could be foretold by patients, investigators, or treatment providers.

  • Unclear risk of bias, e.g. not reported.

• Blinding of participants and personnel.

• • Low risk of bias if participants and personnel were adequately blinded.

  • High risk of bias if participants were not blinded to the intervention that the participant received.

  • Unclear risk of bias if this was not reported or was unclear.

• Blinding of outcomes assessors.

• • Low risk of bias if outcome assessors were adequately blinded.

  • High risk of bias if outcome assessors were not blinded to the intervention that the participant received.

  • Unclear risk of bias if this was not reported or was unclear.

• Incomplete outcome data: We will record the proportion of participants whose outcomes were not reported at the end of the study. We will code a satisfactory level of loss to follow‐up for each outcome as follows.

• • Low risk of bias, e.g. if fewer than 20% of participants were lost to follow‐up and reasons for loss to follow‐up were similar in both treatment arms.

  • High risk of bias, e.g. if more than 20% of participants were lost to follow‐up or reasons for loss to follow‐up differed between treatment arms.

  • Unclear risk of bias, e.g. if loss to follow‐up was not reported.

• Selective reporting of outcomes.

• • Low risk of bias, e.g. review reports all outcomes specified in the protocol.

  • High risk of bias, e.g. it is suspected that study outcomes have been selectively reported.

  • Unclear risk of bias e.g. it is unclear whether outcomes have been selectively reported

• Other bias.

• • Low risk of bias, e.g. review authors do not suspect any other source of bias and the trial appears to be methodologically sound.

  • High risk of bias, e.g. review authors suspect that the trial was prone to an additional bias.

  • Unclear risk of bias, e.g. review authors are uncertain whether an additional bias may have been present.