Appendix 1. MEDLINE search strategy

Ovid MEDLINE(R) In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid MEDLINE(R) <1946 to Present>

1 Cell Phones/ (7108)

2 Smartphone/ (1275)

3 MP3‐Player/ (167)

4 Computers, Handheld/ (3098)

5 ((cell* or mobile*) adj1 (phone* or telephone* or technolog* or device*)).ti,ab,kw. (13148)

6 (handheld or hand‐held).ti,ab,kw. (9975)

7 (smartphone* or smart‐phone* or cellphone* or mobiles).ti,ab,kw. (5598)

8 ((personal adj1 digital) or (PDA adj3 (device* or assistant*)) or MP3 player* or MP4 player*).ti,ab,kw. (1294)

9 (samsung or nokia).ti,ab,kw. (818)

10 (windows adj3 (mobile* or phone*)).ti,ab,kw. (42)

11 android.ti,ab,kw. (1540)

12 (ipad* or i‐pad* or ipod* or i‐pod* or iphone* or i‐phone*).ti,ab,kw. (1974)

13 (tablet* adj3 (device* or computer*)).ti,ab,kw. (999)

14 Telemedicine/ (16787)

15 Videoconferencing/ or Webcasts as topic/ (1499)

16 Text Messaging/ (1676)

17 Telenursing/ (175)

18 (mhealth or m‐health or "mobile health" or ehealth or e‐health or "electronic health").ti,ab,kw. (15541)

19 (telemedicine or tele‐medicine or telehealth or tele‐health or telecare or tele‐care or telenursing or tele‐nursing or telepsychiatry or tele‐psychiatry or telemonitor* or tele‐monitor* or teleconsult* or tele‐consult* or telecounsel* or tele‐counsel* or telecoach* or tele‐coach*).ti,ab,kw. (13942)

20 (videoconferenc* or video‐conferenc* or webcast* or web‐cast*).ti,ab,kw. (2498)

21 ((text* or short or voice or multimedia or multi‐media or electronic) adj1 messag*).ti,ab,kw. (3264)

22 (texting or texted or texter* or ((sms or mms) adj (service* or messag*)) or interactive voice response* or IVR or voice call* or callback*).ti,ab,kw. (2489)

23 (Facebook or Twitter or Whatsapp* or Skyp* or YouTube or "You Tube").ti,ab,kw. (4091)

24 Mobile Applications/ (2265)

25 "mobile app*".ti,ab,kw. (1759)

26 Social Media/ (3832)

27 (social adj (media or network*)).ti,ab,kw. (16078)

28 Reminder Systems/ (3062)

29 (remind* adj3 (text* or system* or messag*)).ti,ab,kw. (1410)

30 Electronic Mail/ (2415)

31 (electronic mail* or email* or e‐mail or webmail).ti,ab,kw. (11481)

32 Medical informatics/ or Medical informatics applications/ (12917)

33 Nursing informatics/ or Public health informatics/ (2472)

34 ((medical or clinical or health or healthcare or nurs*) adj3 informatics).ti,ab,kw. (5017)

35 Multimedia/ (1793)

36 Hypermedia/ (399)

37 Blogging/ (818)

38 (multimedia or multi‐media or hypermedia or hyper‐media or blog* or vlog* or weblog* or web‐log*).ti,ab,kw. (6189)

39 Interactive Tutorial/ (249)

40 Computer‐Assisted Instruction/ (11281)

41 ((interactive or computer‐assisted) adj1 (tutor* or technolog* or learn* or instruct* or software or communication)).ti,ab,kw. (2220)

42 or/1‐41 (134342)

43 registries/ or hospital records/ or electronic health records/ or vital statistics/ (93230)

44 data collection/ or records as topic/ or birth certificates/ or death certificates/ or medical records/ or medical record linkage/ or medical records systems, computerized/ or vital statistics/ or mortality/ or child mortality/ or fetal mortality/ or infant mortality/ or perinatal mortality/ or maternal mortality/ or mortality, premature/ or information management/ or health information management/ or health information exchange/ or "information storage and retrieval"/ (278904)

45 (birth adj3 (registr* or notif* or report* or record* or log* or certif* or collection or survey* or surveillance)).ti,ab,kw. (9695)

46 (((death* or mortality or vital) adj3 (registr* or notif* or report* or record* or log* or certif* or collection or survey* or surveillance)) or verbal autops*).ti,ab,kw. (42026)

47 or/43‐46 (394351)

48 randomized controlled trial.pt. (471241)

49 random*.tw. (946159)

50 intervention*.tw. (769238)

51 control*.tw. (3263264)

52 evaluat*.tw. (2880251)

53 effect*.tw. (5847773)

54 impact.tw. (723127)

55 (time series or time point?).tw. (112917)

56 repeated measur*.tw. (36877)

57 or/48‐56 (10135640)

58 case reports.pt. (1898609)

59 Case‐Control Studies/ (245552)

60 (case study or case studies or case control stud* or case report?).tw. (460999)

61 or/58‐60 (2307360)

62 57 or 61 (11882226)

63 exp Animals/ (21534683)

64 Humans/ (17085738)

65 63 not (63 and 64) (4448945)

66 review.pt. (2327792)

67 meta analysis.pt. (83896)

68 news.pt. (184426)

69 comment.pt. (698466)

70 editorial.pt. (444262)

71 cochrane database of systematic reviews.jn. (13483)

72 comment on.cm. (698466)

73 (systematic review or literature review).ti. (96954)

74 or/65‐73 (7796443)

75 62 not 74 (8529752)

76 42 and 47 and 75 (7224)

77 limit 76 to yr="2000 ‐Current" (6784)