Scolaris Content Display Scolaris Content Display

Cervical cerclage in combination with other treatments for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancies

Esta versión no es la más reciente

Referencias

Additional references

Abdel‐Aleem 2013

Abdel‐Aleem H, Shaaban OM, Abdel‐Aleem MA. Cervical pessary for preventing preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007873.pub3]

Abdulaziz 2015

Abdulaziz M, Stothers L, Lazare D, Macnab A. An integrative review and severity classification of complications related to pessary use in the treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse. Canadian Urological Association Journal :Journal de l'Association des Urologues du Canada 2015;9(5‐6):E400‐6. [PUBMED: 26225188]

ACOG 2003

ACOG. ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician‐gynecologist. Number 43, May 2003. Management of preterm labor. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;101(5 Pt 1):1039‐47. [PUBMED: 12738177]

ACOG 2014

Anon. ACOG Practice Bulletin No.142: Cerclage for the management of cervical insufficiency. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014;123(2 Pt 1):372‐9. [PUBMED: 24451674]

Alfirevic 2017

Alfirevic Z, Stampalija T, Medley N. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in singleton pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008991.pub3]

Alijahan 2014

Alijahan R, Hazrati S, Mirzarahimi M, Pourfarzi F, Ahmadi Hadi P. Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2014;12(1):47‐56. [PUBMED: 24799861]

Allen 2001

Allen KG, Harris MA. The role of n‐3 fatty acids in gestation and parturition. Experimental Biology and Medicine 2001;226(6):498‐506. [PUBMED: 11395920]

Althuisius 2000

Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, Van Geijn HP, Bekedam DJ, Hummel P. Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial (CIPRACT): study design and preliminary results. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2000;183(4):823‐9. [PUBMED: 11035320]

Althuisius 2003

Althuisius SM, Dekker GA, Hummel P, Van Geijn HP. Cervical incompetence prevention randomized cerclage trial: emergency cerclage with bed rest versus bed rest alone. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189(4):907‐10. [PUBMED: 14586323]

Andrews 2006

Andrews WW, Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, Cliver SP, Copper R, Conner M. Interconceptional antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;194(3):617‐23. [PUBMED: 16522388]

Antczak‐Judycka 2003

Antczak‐Judycka A, Sawicki W, Spiewankiewicz B, Cendrowski K, Stelmachow J. Comparison of cerclage and cerclage pessary in the treatment of pregnant women with incompetent cervix and threatened preterm delivery [Porownanie skutecznosci leczenia szwem szyjkowym oraz pessarium kolnierzowym szyjki macicy u ciezarnych z niewydolnoscia ciesniowo‐szyjkowa i zagrazajacym porodem przedwczesnym]. Ginekologia Polska 2003;74(10):1029‐36. [PUBMED: 14669390]

Arabin 2003

Arabin B, Halbesma JR, Vork F, Hubener M, Van Eyck J. Is treatment with vaginal pessaries an option in patients with a sonographically detected short cervix?. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2003;31(2):122‐33. [PUBMED: 12747228]

Azem 2004

Azem F, Blaucher A, Many A. Complications of early elective cervical cerclage. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2004;85(1):52‐3. [PUBMED: 15050471]

Baxter 2005

Baxter JK, Airoldi J, Berghella V. Short cervical length after history‐indicated cerclage: is a reinforcing cerclage beneficial?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2005;193(3 Pt 2):1204‐7. [PUBMED: 16157138]

Becher 2009

Becher N, Adams Waldorf K, Hein M, Uldbjerg N. The cervical mucus plug: structured review of the literature. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2009;88(5):502‐13. [PUBMED: 19330570]

Berghella 2006

Berghella V, Rust OA, Althuisius SM. Short cervix on ultrasound: does indomethacin prevent preterm birth?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195(3):809‐13. [PUBMED: 16949416]

Berghella 2009

Berghella V, Prasertcharoensuk W, Cotter A, Rasanen J, Mittal S, Chaithongwongwatthana S, et al. Does indomethacin prevent preterm birth in women with cervical dilatation in the second trimester?. American Journal of Perinatology 2009;26(1):13‐9. [PUBMED: 19021101]

Berghella 2010

Berghella V, Figueroa D, Szychowski JM, Owen J, Hankins GD, Iams JD, et al. 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of preterm birth in women with prior preterm birth and a short cervical length. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2010;202(4):351.e1‐351.e6. [PUBMED: 20350641]

Blencowe 2012

Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet 2012;379(9832):2162‐72. [PUBMED: 22682464]

Blencowe 2013

Blencowe H, Cousens S, Chou D, Oestergaard M, Say L, Moller AB, et al. Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births. Reproductive Health 2013;10 Suppl 1:S2. [PUBMED: 24625129]

Caritis 2014

Caritis SN, Venkataramanan R, Thom E, Harper M, Klebanoff MA, Sorokin Y, et al. Relationship between 17‐alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate concentration and spontaneous preterm birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014;210(2):128.e1‐128.e6. [PUBMED: 24113254]

Castanon 2015

Castanon A, Landy R, Brocklehurst P, Evans H, Peebles D, Singh N, et al. Is the increased risk of preterm birth following excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia restricted to the first birth post treatment?. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2015 [Epub ahead of print]. [DOI: 10.1111/1471‐0528.13398; PUBMED: 25854594]

CDC 2014

Preterm Birth. Reproductive Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/pretermbirth.htm) (accessed 2015)2014.

Chang 2013

Chang HH, Larson J, Blencowe H, Spong CY, Howson CP, Cairns‐Smith S, et al. Preventing preterm births: analysis of trends and potential reductions with interventions in 39 countries with very high human development index. Lancet 2013;381(9862):223‐34. [PUBMED: 23158883]

Chughtai 2012

Chughtai B, Spettel S, Kurman J, De E. Ambulatory pessary trial unmasks occult stress urinary incontinence. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2012;2012:392027. [PUBMED: 21949665]

Conde‐Agudelo 2013

Conde‐Agudelo A, Romero R, Nicolaides K, Chaiworapongsa T, O'Brien JM, Cetingoz E, et al. Vaginal progesterone vs. cervical cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix, previous preterm birth, and singleton gestation: a systematic review and indirect comparison metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013;208(1):42.e1‐42.e18. [PUBMED: 23157855]

Cram 2002

Cram LF, Zapata MI, Toy EC, Baker B. Genitourinary infections and their association with preterm labor. American Family Physician 2002;65(2):241‐8. [PUBMED: 11820488]

Crowther 2014

Crowther CA, Brown J, McKinlay CJ, Middleton P. Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001060.pub2]

Dabi 2017

Dabi Y, Nedellec S, Bonneau C, Trouchard B, Rouzier R, Benachi A. Clinical validation of a model predicting the risk of preterm delivery. PloS one 2017;12(2):e0171801. [PUBMED: 28182768]

Defranco 2013

Defranco EA, Valent AM, Newman T, Regan J, Smith J, Muglia LJ. Adjunctive therapies to cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth: a systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013;2013:528158. [PUBMED: 23606847]

Devane 2007

Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M, Horey D, OBoyle C. Evaluating maternity care: a core set of outcome measures. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) 2007;34(2):164‐72. [PUBMED: 17542821]

Dodd 2013

Dodd JM, Jones L, Flenady V, Cincotta R, Crowther CA. Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004947.pub3]

Durnwald 2009

Durnwald CP, Lynch CD, Walker H, Iams JD. The effect of treatment with 17 alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate on changes in cervical length over time. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009;201(4):410.e1‐410.e5. [PUBMED: 19716117]

Eleje 2014

Eleje GU, Adinma JI, Ghasi S, Ikechebelu JI, Igwegbe AO, Okonkwo JE, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of genital tract bacteria in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes in a resource‐limited setting. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014;127(1):10‐4. [PUBMED: 24994495]

Eleje 2015a

Eleje GU, Adinma JI, Ugwuanyi DC, Ikechebelu JI, Okafor CI, Ezeama CO, et al. Genital tract microbial isolate in women with preterm pre‐labour rupture of membranes in resource‐constrained community setting. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2015;35(5):465‐8. [PUBMED: 25358030]

Eleje 2015b

Eleje GU, Ezugwu EC, Ogunyemi D, Eleje LI, Ikechebelu JI, Igwegbe AO, et al. Accuracy and cost‐analysis of placental alpha‐microglobulin‐1 test in the diagnosis of premature rupture of fetal membranes in resource‐limited community settings. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research 2015;41(1):29‐38. [PUBMED: 25164109]

Eleje 2017

Eleje GU, Ezugwu EC, Eke AC, Eleje LI, Ikechebelu JI, Ezebialu IU, et al. Accuracy of a combined insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein‐1/interleukin‐6 test (Premaquick) in predicting delivery in women with threatened preterm labor. Journal of Perinatal Medicine2017 [Epub ahead of print]. [PUBMED: 28236632]

Espinoza 2006

Espinoza J, Erez O, Romero R. Preconceptional antibiotic treatment to prevent preterm birth in women with a previous preterm delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;194(3):630‐7. [PUBMED: 16522390]

Facchinetti 2007

Facchinetti F, Paganelli S, Comitini G, Dante G, Volpe A. Cervical length changes during preterm cervical ripening: effects of 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007;196(5):453.e1‐453.e4, 421. [PUBMED: 17466698]

Farr 2015

Farr A, Kiss H, Hagmann M, Marschalek J, Husslein P, Petricevic L. Routine use of an antenatal infection screen‐and‐treat program to prevent preterm birth: long‐term experience at a tertiary referral center. Birth2015 [Epub ahead of print]. [DOI: 10.1111/birt.12154; PUBMED: 25677078]

Flenady 2013

Flenady V, Hawley G, Stock OM, Kenyon S, Badawi N. Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000246.pub2]

Flenady 2014

Flenady V, Wojcieszek AM, Papatsonis DN, Stock OM, Murray L, Jardine LA, et al. Calcium channel blockers for inhibiting preterm labour and birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002255.pub2]

Fonseca 2007

Fonseca EB, Celik E, Parra M, Singh M, Nicolaides KH. Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among women with a short cervix. New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357(5):462‐9. [PUBMED: 17671254]

Fox 1998

Fox R, Holmes R, James M, Tuohy J, Wardle P. Serial transvaginal ultrasonography following McDonald cerclage and repeat suture insertion. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 1998;38(1):27‐30. [PUBMED: 9521385]

Fox 2009

Fox NS, Gelber SE, Kalish RB, Chasen ST. The recommendation for bed rest in the setting of arrested preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009;200(2):165.e1‐165.e6. [PUBMED: 19019329]

Gibbs 1992

Gibbs RS, Romero R, Hillier SL, Eschenbach DA, Sweet RL. A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992;166:1515–28.

Goldenberg 1994

Goldenberg RL, Cliver SP, Bronstein J, Cutter GR, Andrews WW, Mennemeyer ST. Bed rest in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 1994;84(1):131‐6. [PUBMED: 8008308]

Goldenberg 2008

Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet 2008;371(9606):75‐84. [PUBMED: 18177778]

Gomez 1998

Gomez R, Romero R, Ghezzi F, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Berry SM. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;179(1):194‐202. [PUBMED: 9704787]

Goncalves 2002

Goncalves LF, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R. Intrauterine infection and prematurity. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews 2002;8:3‐13.

Goya 2012

Goya M, Pratcorona L, Merced C, Rodo C, Valle L, Romero A, et al. Cervical pessary in pregnant women with a short cervix (PECEP): an open‐label randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2012;379(9828):1800‐6. [PUBMED: 22475493]

Gravett 1994

Gravett MG, Witkin SS, Haluska GJ, Edwards JL, Cook MJ, Novy MJ. An experimental model for intraamniotic infection and preterm labor in rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1994;171(6):1660‐7. [PUBMED: 7802084]

Harper 2010

Harper M, Thom E, Klebanoff MA, Thorp J, Sorokin Y, Varner MW, et al. Omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2010;115(2 Pt 1):234‐42. [PUBMED: 20093894]

Hershkovitz 2008

Hershkovitz R, Burstein E, Pinku A. Tightening McDonald cerclage suture under sonographic guidance. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2008;31(2):194‐7. [PUBMED: 17935263]

Higgins 2011

Higgins JPT, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.handbook.cochrane.org.

Hollier 2005

Hollier LM. Preventing preterm birth: what works, what doesn't. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 2005;60(2):124‐31. [PUBMED: 15671901]

Hosny 2017

Hosny AE, El‐Khayat W, Kashef MT, Fakhry MN. Association between preterm labor and genitourinary tract infections caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Gram‐negative bacilli, and coryneforms. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA 2017;80(9):575‐81. [PUBMED: 28094234]

Ioscovich 2015

Ioscovich A, Popov A, Gimelfarb Y, Gozal Y, Orbach‐Zinger S, Shapiro J, et al. Anesthetic management of prophylactic cervical cerclage: a retrospective multicenter cohort study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015;291(3):509‐12. [PUBMED: 25103960]

Jongen 1997

Jongen VH, Van Roosmalen J. Complications of cervical cerclage in rural areas. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1997;57(1):23‐6. [PUBMED: 9175665]

Kataoka 2006

Kataoka S, Yamada T, Chou K, Nishida R, Morikawa M, Minami M, et al. Association between preterm birth and vaginal colonization by mycoplasmas in early pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 2006;44(1):51‐5. [PUBMED: 16390947]

Kenyon 2001

Kenyon SL, Taylor DJ, Tarnow‐Mordi W. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet 2001;357(9261):989‐94. [PUBMED: 11293641]

Lai 2009

Lai SK, Wang YY, Wirtz D, Hanes J. Micro‐ and macrorheology of mucus. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2009;61(2):86‐100. [PUBMED: 19166889]

Lamont 2005

Lamont RF. Can antibiotics prevent preterm birth‐‐the pro and con debate. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2005;112 Suppl 1:67‐73. [PUBMED: 15715599]

Lawn 2005

Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?. Lancet 2005;365(9462):891‐900. [PUBMED: 15752534]

Liem 2013

Liem SM, Van Pampus MG, Mol BW, Bekedam DJ. Cervical pessaries for the prevention of preterm birth: a systematic review. Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2013;2013:576723. [PUBMED: 23606848]

Likis 2012

Likis FE, Edwards DR, Andrews JC, Woodworth AL, Jerome RN, Fonnesbeck CJ, et al. Progestogens for preterm birth prevention: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2012;120(4):897‐907. [PUBMED: 22955308]

Liu 2012

Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S, Perin J, Scott S, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet 2012;379(9832):2151‐61. [PUBMED: 22579125]

Mackeen 2013

Mackeen AD, Rafael TJ, Zavodnick J, Berghella V. Effectiveness of 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate on preterm birth prevention in women with history‐indicated cerclage. American Journal of Perinatology 2013;30(9):755‐8. [PUBMED: 23341330]

Maloni 2010

Maloni JA. Antepartum bed rest for pregnancy complications: efficacy and safety for preventing preterm birth. Biological Research for Nursing 2010;12(2):106‐24. [PUBMED: 20798159]

Manuck 2016

Manuck TA, Esplin MS, Biggio J, Bukowski R, Parry S, Zhang H, et al. Predictors of response to 17‐alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016;214(3):376.e1‐8. [PUBMED: 26692181]

Manuck 2016a

Manuck TA, Stoddard GJ, Fry RC, Esplin MS, Varner MW. Nonresponse to 17‐alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for recurrent spontaneous preterm birth prevention: clinical prediction and generation of a risk scoring system. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016;215(5):622.e1‐8. [PUBMED: 27418444]

Marlow 2012

Marlow N. Full term; an artificial concept. Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition 2012;97(3):F158‐F159. [PUBMED: 22262663]

Mazor 1998

Mazor M, Chaim W, Maymon E, Hershkowitz R, Romero R. The role of antibiotic therapy in the prevention of prematurity. Clinical Perinatology 1998;25:659‐85.

McDonald 1957

McDonald IA. Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the British Empire 1957;64(3):346‐50. [PUBMED: 13449654]

Meis 2003

Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, Dombrowski MP, Sibai B, Moawad AH, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;348(24):2379‐85. [PUBMED: 12802023]

MRC/RCOG 1993

Anon. Final report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists multicentre randomised trial of cervical cerclage. MRC/RCOG Working Party on Cervical Cerclage. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1993;100(6):516‐23. [PUBMED: 8334085]

Nelson 2017

Nelson DB, McIntire DD, McDonald J, Gard J, Turrichi P, Leveno KJ. 17‐alpha Hydroxyprogesterone caproate did not reduce the rate of recurrent preterm birth in a prospective cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017;216(6):600.e1‐9. [PUBMED: 28223163]

Newcomer 2000

Newcomer J. Pessaries for the treatment of incompetent cervix and premature delivery. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 2000;55(7):443‐8. [PUBMED: 10885649]

Newnham 2014

Newnham JP, Dickinson JE, Hart RJ, Pennell CE, Arrese CA, Keelan JA. Strategies to prevent preterm birth. Frontiers in immunology 2014;5:584. [PUBMED: 25477878]

Ning 2017

Ning A, Vladutiu CJ, Dotters‐Katz SK, Goodnight WH, Manuck TA. Gestational age at initiation of 17‐alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate and recurrent preterm birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2017;217(3):371.e1‐371.e7. [PUBMED: 28526452]

Novy 1987

Novy MJ, Ducsay CA, Stanczyk FZ. Plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha and prostaglandin E2 metabolites after transabdominal and transvaginal cervical cerclage. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1987;156:1543‐52.

Odibo 2007

Odibo AO, Berghella V, To MS, Rust OA, Althuisius SM, Nicolaides KH. Shirodkar versus McDonald cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth in women with short cervical length. American Journal of Perinatology 2007;24(1):55‐60. [PUBMED: 17195146]

Olsen 2000

Olsen SF, Secher NJ, Tabor A, Weber T, Walker JJ, Gluud C. Randomised clinical trials of fish oil supplementation in high risk pregnancies. Fish Oil Trials In Pregnancy (FOTIP) Team. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2000;107(3):382‐95. [PUBMED: 10740336]

Olsen 2007

Olsen SF, Osterdal ML, Salvig JD, Weber T, Tabor A, Secher NJ. Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007;61(8):976‐85. [PUBMED: 17299499]

Owen 2009

Owen J, Hankins G, Iams JD, Berghella V, Sheffield JS, Perez‐Delboy A, et al. Multicenter randomized trial of cerclage for preterm birth prevention in high‐risk women with shortened midtrimester cervical length. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2009;201(4):375.e1‐8. [PUBMED: 19788970]

O’Brien 2009

O’Brien JM, DeFranco EA, Adair CD, Lewis DF, Hall DR, How H, et al. Effect of progesterone on cervical shortening in women at risk for preterm birth: secondary analysis from a multinational,randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2009;34:653‐9.

Patro‐Malysza 2009

Patro‐Malysza J, Leszczynska‐Gorzelak B, Marciniak B, Bartosiewicz J, Oleszczuk J. The use of pessaries in the treatment of incompetent cervix [Zastosowanie pessarow w leczeniu niewydolnosci ciesniowo‐szyjkowej]. Ginekologia Polska 2009;80(1):54‐8. [PUBMED: 19323061]

Petrou 2003

Petrou S, Mehta Z, Hockley C, Cook‐Mozaffari P, Henderson J, Goldacre M. The impact of preterm birth on hospital inpatient admissions and costs during the first 5 years of life. Pediatrics 2003;112(6 Pt 1):1290‐7. [PUBMED: 14654599]

Petrou 2005

Petrou S. The economic consequences of preterm birth during the first 10 years of life. BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2005;112 Suppl 1:10‐5. [PUBMED: 15715587]

Pustotina 2017

Pustotina O. Effectiveness of dydrogesterone, 17‐OH progesterone and micronized progesterone in prevention of preterm birth in women with a short cervix. Journal of Maternal‐Fetal & Neonatal Medicine2017 [Epub ahead of print]. [PUBMED: 28502186]

Rafael 2011

Rafael TJ, Mackeen AD, Berghella V. The effect of 17alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate on preterm birth in women with an ultrasound‐indicated cerclage. American Journal of Perinatology 2011;28(5):389‐94. [PUBMED: 21380984]

Rafael 2014

Rafael TJ, Berghella V, Alfirevic Z. Cervical stitch (cerclage) for preventing preterm birth in multiple pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 9. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009166.pub2]

RevMan 2014 [Computer program]

The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.

Romero 1998

Romero R, Gomez R, Ghezzi F, Yoon BH, Mazor M, Edwin SS, et al. A fetal systemic inflammatory response is followed by the spontaneous onset of preterm parturition. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1998;179(1):186‐93. [PUBMED: 9704786]

Romero 2013

Romero R, Yeo L, Miranda J, Hassan SS, Conde‐Agudelo A, Chaiworapongsa T. A blueprint for the prevention of preterm birth: vaginal progesterone in women with a short cervix. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 2013;41(1):27‐44. [PUBMED: 23314512]

Romero 2014a

Romero R, Yeo L, Chaemsaithong P, Chaiworapongsa T, Hassan SS. Progesterone to prevent spontaneous preterm birth. Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2014;19(1):15‐26. [PUBMED: 24315687]

Romero 2014b

Romero R, Dey SK, Fisher SJ. Preterm labor: one syndrome, many causes. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2014;345(6198):760‐5. [PUBMED: 25124429]

Rush 1984

Rush RW, Isaacs S, McPherson K, Jones L, Chalmers I, Grant A. A randomized controlled trial of cervical cerclage in women at high risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1984;91(8):724‐30. [PUBMED: 6380564]

Saccone 2015a

Saccone G, Berghella V. Omega‐3 supplementation to prevent recurrent preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015;213(2):135‐40. [PUBMED: 25757636]

Saccone 2015b

Saccone G, Rust O, Althuisius S, Roman A, Berghella V. Cerclage for short cervix in twin pregnancies: systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials using individual patient‐level data. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 2015;94(4):352‐8. [PUBMED: 25644964]

Saccone 2015c

Saccone G, Berghella V. Omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent preterm birth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015;125(3):663‐72. [PUBMED: 25730231]

Sadowsky 2006

Sadowsky DW, Adams KM, Gravett MG, Witkin SS, Novy MJ. Preterm labor is induced by intraamniotic infusions of interleukin‐1beta and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha but not by interleukin‐6 or interleukin‐8 in a nonhuman primate model. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195(6):1578‐89. [PUBMED: 17132473]

Sanborn 1995

Sanborn BM. Ion channels and the control of myometrial electrical activity. Seminars in Perinatology 1995;19(1):31‐40. [PUBMED: 7538700]

Sangkomkamhang 2015

Sangkomkamhang US, Lumbiganon P, Prasertcharoensuk W, Laopaiboon M. Antenatal lower genital tract infection screening and treatment programs for preventing preterm delivery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006178.pub3]

Shirodkar 1955

Shirodkar VN. A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy. Antiseptic 1955;52:299‐300.

Simcox 2007

Simcox R, Shennan A. Cervical cerclage: a review. International Journal of Surgery 2007;5(3):205‐9. [PUBMED: 17509504]

Simonazzi 2015

Simonazzi G, Curti A, Bisulli M, Seravalli V, Saccone G, Berghella V. Cervical lacerations in planned versus labor cerclage removal: a systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2015;193:19‐22. [PUBMED: 26209805]

Slager 2012

Slager J, Lynne S. Treatment options and recommendations to reduce preterm births in women with short cervix. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 2012;57 Suppl 1:S12‐S18. [PUBMED: 22776244]

Smith 2009

Smith V, Devane D, Begley CM, Clarke M, Higgins S. A systematic review and quality assessment of systematic reviews of randomised trials of interventions for preventing and treating preterm birth. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 2009;142(1):3‐11. [PUBMED: 18996637]

Smith 2015

Smith J, DeFranco EA. Tocolytics used as adjunctive therapy at the time of cerclage placement: a systematic review. Journal of Perinatology 2015;35(8):561‐5. [PUBMED: 25905689]

Sosa 2015

Sosa CG, Althabe F, Belizan JM, Bergel E. Bed rest in singleton pregnancies for preventing preterm birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003581.pub3]

Spong 2007

Spong CY. Prediction and prevention of recurrent spontaneous preterm birth. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007;110(2 Pt 1):405‐15. [PUBMED: 17666618]

Szychowski 2012

Szychowski JM, Berghella V, Owen J, Hankins G, Iams JD, Sheffield JS, et al. Cerclage for the prevention of preterm birth in high risk women receiving intramuscular 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Journal of Maternal‐fetal & Neonatal Medicine 2012;25(12):2686‐9. [PUBMED: 22889234]

Tan 2006

Tan TC, Devendra K, Tan LK, Tan HK. Tocolytic treatment for the management of preterm labour: a systematic review. Singapore Medical Journal 2006;47(5):361‐6. [PUBMED: 16645683]

Teitelman 1990

Teitelman AM, Welch LS, Hellenbrand KG, Bracken MB. Effect of maternal work activity on preterm birth and low birth weight. American Journal of Epidemiology 1990;131(1):104‐13. [PUBMED: 2293743]

Tita 2007

Tita AT, Cliver SP, Goepfert AR, Conner M, Goldenberg RL, Hauth JC, et al. Clinical trial of interconceptional antibiotics to prevent preterm birth: subgroup analyses and possible adverse antibiotic‐microbial interaction. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007;197(4):367.e1‐6. [PUBMED: 17904962]

Van 't Hooft 2016

Van 't Hooft J, Duffy JM, Daly M, Williamson PR, Meher S, Thom E, et al. A core outcome set for evaluation of interventions to prevent preterm birth. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016;127(1):49‐58. [PUBMED: 26646133]

Van Vliet 2014

Van Vliet EO, Boormans EM, De Lange TS, Mol BW, Oudijk MA. Preterm labor: current pharmacotherapy options for tocolysis. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2014;15(6):787‐97. [PUBMED: 24533566]

Vidaeff 2009

Vidaeff AC, Ramin SM. Management strategies for the prevention of preterm birth: Part II ‐ Update on cervical cerclage. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 2009;21(6):485‐90. [PUBMED: 19779339]

Visintine 2008

Visintine J, Airoldi J, Berghella V. Indomethacin administration at the time of ultrasound‐indicated cerclage: is there an association with a reduction in spontaneous preterm birth?. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2008;198(6):643.e1‐643.e3. [PUBMED: 18221923]

Vitoratos 1996

Vitoratos N, Hassiakos D, Louridas C, Limuris G, Zourlas PA. Prostaglandin F1a and prostaglandin E2 plasma levels after transvaginal cervical cerclage. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology 1996;23:21‐5.

Vogel 2014

Vogel JP, Nardin JM, Dowswell T, West HM, Oladapo OT. Combination of tocolytic agents for inhibiting preterm labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006169.pub2]

WHO 1977

WHO. Recommended definitions, terminology and format for statistical tables related to the perinatal period and use of a new certificate for cause of perinatal deaths. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 1977;56:247‐53.

Yoon 2008

Yoon HJ, Hong JY, Kim SM. The effect of anesthetic method for prophylactic cervical cerclage on plasma oxytocin: a randomized trial. International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia 2008;17(1):26‐30. [PUBMED: 17698336]

Yorifuji 2014

Yorifuji T, Makino S, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka T, Itakura A, Takeda S. Effectiveness of delayed absorbable monofilament suture in emergency cerclage. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2014;53(3):382‐4. [PUBMED: 25286795]