Oral <i>Astragalus</i> (Huang qi) for preventing frequent episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children

Guobin Su; Xiankun Chen; Zhuangzhu Liu; Lihong Yang; La Zhang; Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg; Zehuai Wen; Xinfeng Guo; Xindong Qin; Jueyao Liang; Xusheng Liu

doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011958.pub2

Oral Astragalus (Huang qi) untuk mencegah kekerapan episod jangkitan saluran pernafasan akut kepada kanak‐kanak

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Referencias

References to studies excluded from this review

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References to other published versions of this review

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estudios excluidos
otras referencias

Su G, Chen X, Liu Z, Yang L, Zhang L, Stålsby Lundborg C, et al. Oral Astragalus (Huang qi) for preventing frequent episodes of acute respiratory tract infection in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011958]

Characteristics of studies

Characteristics of excluded studies [ordered by study ID]

Study	Reason for exclusion
Bai 2005	Not placebo‐controlled
Chen 1996	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Chen 2001	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not oral Astragalus preparation
Chen 2003	Not placebo‐controlled
Chen 2008a	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; non‐RCT
Chen 2008b	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Chen 2009	Not placebo‐controlled
Chen 2010	Not oral Astragalus preparation
Cui 2010	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Deng 2000	Not placebo‐controlled
Deng 2004	Not placebo‐controlled
Du 1992	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Feng 2001	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Feng 2009	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes
Gao 1993	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Gao 2007	Not placebo‐controlled
Guan 2011	Not placebo‐controlled
Guo 2008	Non‐RCT
Han 2000	Not placebo‐controlled
Han 2011	Not placebo‐controlled
He 2014	Non‐RCT
Hu 1984	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Huang 2000	Not placebo‐controlled
Huang 2004a	No data; Only for treatment not for prevention
Huang 2004b	Not placebo‐controlled
Huang 2012a	Not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Huo 1994	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Ikeda 1988	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; non‐RCT; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Ji 1996	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Jin 1997	Not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Jin 2009	Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Jin 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Kang 1992	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Ke 2005	Non‐RCT
Li 1989	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation;participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 1994a	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; non‐RCT; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 1994b	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 1999	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 2001	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 2002	Not placebo‐controlled
Li 2004	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Li 2008	Not placebo‐controlled
Li 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Li 2015	Not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Lin 2001	Not placebo‐controlled
Lin 2003	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Lin 2012	Not placebo‐controlled
Liu 1992	Non‐RCT; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Liu 2002	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Liu 2003	Not placebo‐controlled
Liu 2004a	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Liu 2004b	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Liu 2004c	Not placebo‐controlled
Liu 2010	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Liu 2011	Not placebo‐controlled
Liu 2014	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Lu 2006	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; non‐RCT
Lu 2009	Not placebo‐controlled
Lu 2012	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Lu 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Luan 2001	Not placebo‐controlled
Luo 1994	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years
Luo 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Nie 2009a	Not oral Astragalus preparation
Peng 1991	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Peng 2006	Intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Peng 2012	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Qi 2000	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Qiu 2004	Non‐RCT
Ruan 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Shen 1988	Non‐RCT; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Sheng 2010	Not placebo‐controlled
Shi 2006	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; participants were aged over 14 years
Song 2008	Not placebo‐controlled
Su 1988	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Su 1994	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Wang 1997	Non‐RCT; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent
Wang 2001	Not placebo‐controlled
Wang 2008a	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; non‐RCT
Wang 2008b	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Wang 2009	Not placebo‐controlled
Wang 2010	Only for treatment not for prevention
Wang 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Wang 2014	Not placebo‐controlled
Wang 2015	Not placebo‐controlled
Wei 2000	Not oral Astragalus preparation
Wu 1996	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Wu 2003	Non‐RCT
Wu 2011	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; non‐RCT; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Xia 2007	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Xiao 1988	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Xiao 2014	Not placebo‐controlled
Xie 2015	Intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Xu 1994	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Xu 1997	Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent
Xu 2004	Non‐RCT; not oral Astragalus preparation
Yang 1992	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Yang 1998	Not placebo‐controlled
Yang 2001	Not placebo‐controlled
Yang 2008	Non‐RCT
Yu 2005	Non‐RCT
Zeng 2009	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes
Zhang 1995	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Zhang 1999	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhang 2000	Intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Zhang 2012	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhang 2013	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhao 2000a	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not Astragalus preparation; participants were aged over 14 years; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Zhao 2000b	Non‐RCT
Zhao 2003	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhao 2007	Not oral Astragalus preparation
Zheng 2013	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; not oral Astragalus preparation; intervention aimed for treatment, not prevention
Zhong 2012	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhou 2005	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; non‐RCT
Zhou 2009a	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhou 2009b	Non‐RCT
Zhou 2012	Not placebo‐controlled
Zhu 2014a	Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent
Zhu 2014b	RTIs investigated, but not defined as recurrent or frequent episodes; Astragalus preparation not administered as sole agent; non‐RCT
Zou 2000	Not placebo‐controlled

Figure 1

Study flow diagram

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Table 1. Definition of frequent episodes of respiratory tract infection

Age (years)	Recurrent URTI (episodes per year)	Recurrent LRTI (episodes per year)
Age (years)	Recurrent URTI (episodes per year)	Recurrent tracheitis or bronchitis	Recurrent pneumonia
Birth to 2 years of age	7	3	2
2 to 5 years of age (> 2 years and < 5 years)	6	2	2
5 to 14 years of age (> 5 years and < 14 years)	5	2	2
Abbreviations: LRTI ‐ lower respiratory tract infection; URTI ‐ upper respiratory tract infection

Table 1. Definition of frequent episodes of respiratory tract infection

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Referencias

References to studies excluded from this review

Bai 2005 {published data only}

Chen 1996 {published data only}

Chen 2001 {published data only}

Chen 2003 {published data only}

Chen 2008a {published data only}

Chen 2008b {published data only}

Chen 2009 {published data only}

Chen 2010 {published data only}

Cui 2010 {published data only}

Deng 2000 {published data only}

Deng 2004 {published data only}

Du 1992 {published data only}

Feng 2001 {published data only}

Feng 2009 {published data only}

Gao 1993 {published data only}

Gao 2007 {published data only}

Guan 2011 {published data only}

Guo 2008 {published data only}

Han 2000 {published data only}

Han 2011 {published data only}

He 2014 {published data only}

Hu 1984 {published data only}

Huang 2000 {published data only}

Huang 2004a {published data only}

Huang 2004b {published data only}

Huang 2012a {published data only}

Huo 1994 {published data only}

Ikeda 1988 {published data only}

Ji 1996 {published data only}

Jin 1997 {published data only}

Jin 2009 {published data only}

Jin 2013 {published data only}

Kang 1992 {published data only}

Ke 2005 {published data only}

Li 1989 {published data only}

Li 1994a {published data only}

Li 1994b {published data only}

Li 1999 {published data only}

Li 2001 {published data only}

Li 2002 {published data only}

Li 2004 {published data only}

Li 2008 {published data only}

Li 2013 {published data only}

Li 2015 {published data only}

Lin 2001 {published data only}

Lin 2003 {published data only}

Lin 2012 {published data only}

Liu 1992 {published data only}

Liu 2002 {published data only}

Liu 2003 {published data only}

Liu 2004a {published data only}

Liu 2004b {published data only}

Liu 2004c {published data only}

Liu 2010 {published data only}

Liu 2011 {published data only}

Liu 2014 {published data only}

Lu 2006 {published data only}

Lu 2009 {published data only}

Lu 2012 {published data only}

Lu 2013 {published data only}

Luan 2001 {published data only}

Luo 1994 {published data only}

Luo 2013 {published data only}

Nie 2009a {published data only}

Peng 1991 {published data only}

Peng 2006 {published data only}

Peng 2012 {published data only}

Qi 2000 {published data only}

Qiu 2004 {published data only}

Ruan 2013 {published data only}

Shen 1988 {published data only}

Sheng 2010 {published data only}

Shi 2006 {published data only}

Song 2008 {published data only}

Su 1988 {published data only}

Su 1994 {published data only}