Appendix 1. Cochrane Epilepsy Group's Specialized Register search strategy

#1 "vagus nerve stimulation"

#2 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Vagus Nerve Stimulation Explode All WITH AE CL CT EC ES HI IS MT MO NU PX ST SN TD UT VE

#3 "ketogenic diet"

#4 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Ketogenic Diet Explode All WITH AE CL CT EC EH HI IS MT MO NU PX ST SN TD UT VE

#5 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Deep Brain Stimulation Explode All WITH AE CL CT EC ES HI IS MT MO NU PX ST SN TD UT VE

#6 "deep brain stimulat*"

#7 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Explode All WITH AE CL CT DE EC ES HI IS MT MO NU PX RE ST SN TD UT VE

#8 "transcranial magnetic stimul*"

#9 neurostimul*

#10 (cognitiv* or memory) NEAR1 (rehabilit* or train*)

#11 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Cognitive Therapy Explode All WITH CL EC ED ES HI IS LJ MA MT OG ST SN TD

#12 cognitive NEAR2 therapy

#13 #1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12

#14 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Memory Explode All WITH CL DE PH RE

#15 memory

#16 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Memory Disorders Explode All WITH BL CF CI CL CO DI DH DT EC EN EP EH ET GE HI IM ME MI MO NU PS PA PP PC PX RA RI RH SU TH US UR VI

#17 MeSH DESCRIPTOR Cognition Disorders Explode All WITH BL CF CI CL CO DI DH DT EC EN EP EH ET GE HI IM ME MI MO NU PS PA PP PC PX RA RI RH SU TH US UR VI

#18 cognit* NEAR3 (declin* or impair* or los* or deteriorat* or degenerat* or complain* or disturb* or disorder*)

#19 #14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #17 OR #18

#20 #13 AND #19

Appendix 2. CENTRAL via CRSO search strategy

#1 (epilep* OR seizure* OR convuls*):TI,AB,KY

#2 MESH DESCRIPTOR Epilepsy EXPLODE ALL TREES

#3 MESH DESCRIPTOR Seizures EXPLODE ALL TREES

#4 #1 OR #2 OR #3

#5 (vagus nerve stimulation):TI,AB,KY

#6 MESH DESCRIPTOR Vagus Nerve Stimulation EXPLODE ALL TREES

#7 MESH DESCRIPTOR Ketogenic Diet EXPLODE ALL TREES

#8 (ketogenic diet):TI,AB,KY

#9 MESH DESCRIPTOR Deep Brain Stimulation EXPLODE ALL TREES

#10 (deep next brain next stimulat*):TI,AB,KY

#11 MESH DESCRIPTOR Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation EXPLODE ALL TREES

#12 (transcranial next magnetic next stimul*):TI,AB,KY

#13 neurostimul*:TI,AB,KY

#14 ((cognitiv* or memory) near1 (rehabilit* or train*)):TI,AB,KY

#15 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cognitive Therapy EXPLODE ALL TREES

#16 (cognitive near2 therapy):TI,AB,KY

#17 #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #12 OR #13 OR #14 OR #15 OR #16

#18 MESH DESCRIPTOR Memory EXPLODE ALL TREES

#19 memory:TI,AB,KY

#20 MESH DESCRIPTOR Memory Disorders EXPLODE ALL TREES

#21 MESH DESCRIPTOR Cognition Disorders EXPLODE ALL TREES

#22 (cognit* near3 (declin* or impair* or los* or deteriorat* or degenerat* or complain* or disturb* or disorder*)):TI,AB,KY

#23 #18 OR #19 OR #20 OR #21 OR #22

#24 #4 AND #17 AND #23

#25 * NOT INMEDLINE

#26 #24 AND #25

Appendix 3. MEDLINE (Ovid) search strategy

This strategy is based on the Cochrane Highly Sensitive Search Strategy for identifying randomized trials (Lefebvre 2011).

1. (randomized controlled trial or controlled clinical trial).pt. or (randomi?ed or placebo or randomly).ab.

2. clinical trials as topic.sh.

3. trial.ti.

4. 1 or 2 or 3

5. exp animals/ not humans.sh.

6. 4 not 5

7. exp Epilepsy/

8. exp Seizures/

9. (epilep$ or seizure$ or convuls$).tw.

10. 7 or 8 or 9

11. vagus nerve stimulation.tw.

12. exp Vagus Nerve Stimulation/

13. exp Ketogenic Diet/

14. ketogenic diet.tw.

15. exp Deep Brain Stimulation/

16. deep brain stimulat$.tw.

17. exp Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/

18. transcranial magnetic stimul$.tw.

19. neurostimul$.tw.

20. ((cognitiv$ or memory) adj1 (rehabilit$ or train$)).tw.

21. exp Cognitive Therapy/

22. (cognitive adj2 therapy).tw.

23. 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21 or 22

24. exp Memory/

25. memory.tw.

26. exp Memory Disorders/

27. exp Cognition Disorders/

28. (cognit$ adj3 (declin$ or impair$ or los$ or deteriorat$ or degenerat$ or complain$ or disturb$ or disorder$)).tw.

29. 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28

30. 6 and 10 and 23 and 29

Appendix 4. SCOPUS search strategy

(((TITLE((randomiz* OR randomis* OR controlled OR placebo OR blind* OR unblind* OR "parallel group" OR crossover OR "cross over" OR cluster OR "head to head") PRE/2 (trial OR method OR procedure OR study)) OR ABS((randomiz* OR randomis* OR controlled OR placebo OR blind* OR unblind* OR "parallel group" OR crossover OR "cross over" OR cluster OR "head to head") PRE/2 (trial OR method OR procedure OR study))) AND ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(epilep* OR "infantile spasm" OR seizure OR convuls* OR (syndrome W/2 (aicardi OR angelman OR doose OR dravet OR janz OR jeavons OR "landau kleffner" OR "lennox gastaut" OR ohtahara OR panayiotopoulos OR rasmussen OR rett OR "sturge weber" OR tassinari OR "unverricht lundborg" OR west)) OR "ring chromosome 20" OR "R20" OR "myoclonic encephalopathy" OR "pyridoxine dependency") AND NOT (TITLE(*eclampsia) OR INDEXTERMS(*eclampsia))) OR (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY(lafora* W/4 (disease OR epilep*)) AND NOT (TITLE(dog OR canine) OR INDEXTERMS(dog OR canine)))) AND ((TITLE‐ABS‐KEY("vagus nerve stimulation")) OR (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY("ketogenic diet")) OR (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY("deep brain stimulat*")) OR (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY("transcranial magnetic stimul*" OR neurostimul*)) OR (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY((cognitiv* OR memory) W/2 (rehabilit* OR train* OR therap*)))) AND (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY((memory OR cognit*) W/3 (declin* OR impair* OR los* OR deteriorat* OR degenerat* OR complain* OR disturb* OR disorder*)))) AND NOT (TITLE(nonepileptic OR non‐epileptic OR ADHD OR alzheimer* OR anxiety OR depressi* OR panic OR schizophreni* OR bipolar OR parkinson* OR tumor OR trauma* OR "obsessive compulsive" OR fibromyalgi* OR malaria OR migraine OR "multiple sclerosis" OR insomnia* OR stroke))) AND NOT (INDEX(medline))

Appendix 5. ClinicalTrials.gov search strategy

Search Terms: memory or cognition

Conditions: epilepsy

Appendix 6. ICTRP search strategy

epilepsy AND memory OR epilepsy AND cognition