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Different phases of coagulation
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Different phases of coagulation

Study flow diagram
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Study flow diagram

Summary of findings for the main comparison. Summary of findings for interventions to treat post‐extraction bleeding

Interventions for treating post‐extraction bleeding

Patient or population: people with post‐extraction bleeding

Settings: hospital or dental practice

Outcomes

Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

No of Participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Assumed risk

Corresponding risk

Bleeding, as measured by:

  • amount of blood loss;

  • complete cessation of bleeding, as assessed clinically by the investigator;

  • time required for the control of bleeding.

No data are available as no RCTs have been conducted

on interventions to treat post‐extraction bleeding

Patient‐reported outcomes related to pain or discomfort during the procedure

Treatment‐associated average cost

Adverse events

*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: confidence interval

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Summary of findings for interventions to treat post‐extraction bleeding
Table 1. Types of bleeding after dental extractions

Normal bleeding

Post‐extraction bleeding

Primary

Reactionary

Secondary

  • Normally persists for up to half an hour

  • Oozing and blood tinged saliva for up to 8 hours

  • Controlled by pressure pack

  • Occurs during and immediately after extraction

  • Typically presents as blood filling up the mouth

  • Usually due to infection or trauma to blood vessels

  • Often controlled by local techniques like pressure packs, haemostatic agents, etc

  • Begins two to three hours post extraction, after the vasoconstrictor effect of local anaesthesia wears off

  • Usually due to underlying systemic conditions such as bleeding or clotting disorders

  • Not controlled by local measures and may require systemic interventions

  • Usually begins 7 to 10 days post extraction

  • Mainly due to secondary infection

  • Rare in dental extractions, compared to the other two types of post‐extraction bleeding

Figuras y tablas -
Table 1. Types of bleeding after dental extractions
Table 2. Summarising the risk of bias for a body of evidence

Risk of bias

Interpretation

In outcome

In included studies

Low risk of bias

Plausible bias unlikely to seriously alter the results

Low risk of bias for all key domains

Most information is from studies at low risk of bias

Unclear risk of bias

Plausible bias that raises some doubt about the results

Unclear risk of bias for one or more key domains

Most information is from studies at low or unclear risk of bias

High risk of bias

Plausible bias that seriously weakens confidence in the results

High risk of bias for one or more key domains

The proportion of information from studies at high risk of bias is sufficient to affect the interpretation of results

Figuras y tablas -
Table 2. Summarising the risk of bias for a body of evidence