Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Systematic Reviews (DARE); all in the Cochrane Library

#1 MeSH descriptor: [Parent‐Child Relations] explode all trees
#2 MeSH descriptor: [Object Attachment] this term only
#3 MeSH descriptor: [Early Intervention (Education)] this term only
#4 ((parent* or mother* or father*) near/3 (demonstrat* or teach* or train*)):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#5 Neonatal Behavio?r* Assessment Scale:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#6 Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#7 NBAS or BNAS or BNBAS:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#8 (Brazelton* or Brazleton*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#9 Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#10 NBO:ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#11 (newborn* or neonat* or baby or babies or infant*):ti,ab,kw (Word variations have been searched)
#12 MeSH descriptor: [Infant] explode all trees
#13 #11 or #12
#14 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10
#15 #13 and #14

MEDLINE Ovid

1. Parent Child relations/
2. Mother Child Relations/
3. Father Child Relations/
4. Object attachment/
5. Early Intervention/
6. ((parent$ or mother$ or father$) adj3 (demonstrat$ or teach$ or train*)).tw.
7. Neonatal Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
8. Newborn Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
9. NBAS.tw.
10. BNAS.tw.
11. BNBAS.tw.
12. (Brazelton$ or Brazleton$).mp.
13. Newborn Behavio?ral Observation$ System.mp.
14. NBO.tw.
15. (newborn$ or neonat$ or baby or babies or infant$).tw.
16. exp Infant/
17. 15 or 16
18. or/1‐14
19. randomised controlled trial.pt.
20. controlled clinical trial.pt.
21. randomized.ab.
22. placebo.ab.
23. drug therapy.fs.
24. randomly.ab.
25. trial.ab.
26. groups.ab.
27. 19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26
28. exp animals/ not humans.sh.
29. 27 not 28
30. 17 and 18 and 29

Embase Ovid

1. Parent Child relations/
2. Mother Child Relations/
3. Father Child Relations/
4. Object attachment/
5. Early Intervention/
6. ((parent$ or mother$ or father$) adj3 (demonstrat$ or teach$ or train*)).tw.
7. Neonatal Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
8. Newborn Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
9. NBAS.tw.
10. BNAS.tw.
11. BNBAS.tw.
12. (Brazelton$ or Brazleton$).mp.
13. Newborn Behavio?ral Observation$ System.mp.
14. NBO.tw.
15. (newborn$ or neonat$ or baby or babies or infant$).tw.
16. exp Infant/
17. 15 or 16
18. or/1‐14
19. random$.tw.
20. factorial$.tw.
21. crossover$.tw.
22. cross over$.tw.
23. cross‐over$.tw.
24. placebo$.tw.
25. (doubl$ adj blind$).tw.
26. (singl$ adj blind$).tw.
27. assign$.tw.
28. allocat$.tw.
29. volunteer$.tw.
30. Crossover Procedure/
31. double‐blind procedure.tw.
32. Randomized Controlled Trial/
33. Single Blind Procedure/
34. or/19‐33
35. (animal/ or nonhuman/) not human/
36. 34 not 35
37. 17 and 18 and 36

PsycINFO Ovid

1. Parent Child relations/
2. Mother Child Relations/
3. Father Child Relations/
4. Attachment Behavior/
5. Early Intervention/
6. Parent training/
7. ((parent$ or mother$ or father$) adj3 (demonstrat$ or teach$ or train*)).tw.
8. Neonatal Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
9. Newborn Behavio?r$ Assessment Scale.mp.
10. NBAS.tw.
11. BNAS.tw.
12. BNBAS.tw.
13. (Brazelton$ or Brazleton$).mp.
14. Newborn Behavio?ral Observation$ System.mp.
15. NBO.tw.
16. or/1‐15
17. (neonatal birth 1 mo or infancy 2 23 mo).ag.
18. (newborn$ or neonat$ or baby or babies or infant$).tw.
19. or/17‐18
20. clinical trials/
21. random$.tw.
22. (allocat$ or assign$).tw.
23. ((clinic$ or control$) adj trial$).tw.
24. ((singl$ or doubl$ or trebl$ or tripl$) adj3 (blind$ or mask$)).tw.
25. (crossover$ or "cross over$").tw.
26. random sampling/
27. Experiment Controls/
28. exp experimental methods/
29. Placebo/
30. placebo$.tw.
31. exp program evaluation/
32. treatment effectiveness evaluation/
33. ((effectiv$ or evaluat$) adj3 (intervention$ or stud$ or research$)).tw.
34. or/20‐33
35. 16 and 19 and 34

CINAHL EBSCOhost (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature)

S26 S13 AND S16 AND S25
S25 S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24
S24 (allocat* random*)
S23 (MH "Quantitative Studies")
S22 (MH "Placebos")
S21 placebo*
S20 (random* allocat*)
S19 (MH "Random Assignment")
S18 (Randomi?ed control* trial*)
S17 (singl* blind* ) or (doubl* blind* ) or (tripl* blind* ) or (trebl* blind* ) or (trebl* mask* ) or (tripl* mask* ) or (doubl* mask* ) or (singl* mask* )
S16 S14 OR S15
S15 (MH "Infant+")
S14 (newborn* or neonat* or baby or babies or infant*)
S13 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12
S12 NBO
S11 Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System
S10 Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System
S9 (Brazelton* or Brazleton*)
S8 NBAS or BNAS or BNBAS
S7 Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S6 Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S5 Neonatal Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S4 ((parent* or mother* or father*) N3 (demonstrat* or teach* or train*))
S3 (MH "Early Intervention")
S2 (MH "Attachment Behavior")
S1 (MH "Parent‐Child Relations+")

Science Citation Index (SCI), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Conference Proceedings Citation Index ‐ Science (CPCI‐S); Conference Proceedings Citation Index ‐ Social Science & Humanities (CPCI‐SS&H), BIOSIS; all Web of Science

#1 TOPIC: ((((parent* or mother* or father*) near/3 (demonstrat* or teach* or train*))))
#2 TOPIC: ((Neonatal Behavio?r* Assessment Scale))
#3 TOPIC: ((Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale))
#4 TOPIC: ((NBAS or BNAS or BNBAS))
#5 TOPIC: (((Brazelton* or Brazleton*)))
#6 TOPIC: ((Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System))
#7 TOPIC: ((NBO))
#8 TOPIC: (((newborn* or neonat* or baby or babies or infant*)))
#9 #7 OR #6 OR #5 OR #4 OR #3 OR #2 OR #1
#10 #9 AND #8
#11 TS=Randomized clinical trial* OR TI=Randomized clinical
#12 TI=randomi* OR TS=randomi*
#13 TI=clin* OR TS=clin*
#14 TS=trial* OR TI=trial*
#15 #14 AND #13
#16 TS=(singl* OR Doubl* OR Tripl* OR Trebl*) OR TI=(singl* OR Doubl* OR Tripl* OR Trebl*)
#17 TS=(mask* OR blind*) OR TI=(mask* OR blind*)
#18 TS=crossover* OR TI=crossover*
#19 TS=(allocate* OR assign*) OR TI=(allocate* OR assign*)
#20 TS=random* OR TI=random*
#21 #20 AND #19
#22 #21 OR #18 OR #17 OR #16 OR #15 OR #12 OR #11
#23 #22 AND #10

ERIC EBSCOhost (Education Resources Information Center)

S19 S17 AND S18
S18 TI ( trial* OR random* OR crossover OR blind*) ) OR AB ( trial* OR random* OR crossover OR blind*) )
S17 S13 AND S16
S16 S14 OR S15
S15 (newborn* or neonat* or baby or babies or infant*)
S14 DE "Infants" OR DE "Neonates" OR DE "Premature Infants"
S13 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12
S12 DE "Early Intervention"
S11 DE "Attachment Behavior"
S10 DE "Parent Child Relationship"
S9 NBO
S8 Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System
S7 Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System
S6 (Brazelton* or Brazleton*)
S5 NBAS or BNAS or BNBAS
S4 Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S3 Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S2 Neonatal Behavio?r* Assessment Scale
S1((parent* or mother* or father*) N3 (demonstrat* or teach* or train*))

SCOPUS Elsevier

TITLE‐ABS‐KEY ( ( nbas OR bnas OR bnbas OR brazelton* OR brazleton* OR nbo OR ( parent* train* ) OR ( parent* teach* ) OR ( parent* demonstrat* ) OR ( neonatal behavior* assessment scale ) OR ( neonatal behaviour* assessment scale ) ) OR ( newborn behavior* assessment scale ) OR ( newborn behaviour* assessment scale ) AND ( newborn* OR neonat* OR baby OR babies OR infant* ) AND ( trial* OR random* OR crossover OR blind* ) )

Sociological Abstracts ProQuest

(ab(trial* OR random* OR crossover OR blind*) OR ti(trial* OR random* OR crossover OR blind*)) AND ((SU.EXACT("Infants") OR ((newborn* OR neonate* OR baby OR babies OR infant*) OR SU.EXACT("Infants"))) AND (((parent* OR mother* OR father*) NEAR/3 (demonstrate* OR teach* OR train*)) OR (neonateal Behavio?r* Assessment Scale) OR (Newborn Behavio?r* Assessment Scale) OR (NBAS OR BNAS OR BNBAS) OR (bromelton* OR Brazleton*) OR (Newborn Behavio?ral Observation* System) OR NBO OR SU.EXACT("Parent Child Relations")))

LILACS (Lating American and Caribbean Health Science Information database)

lilacs.bvsalud.org/en

NBAS or BNAS or BNBAS or Brazelton$ or Brazleton$ or NBO or (parent$ train$) or (parent$ teach$) or (parent$ demonstrat$) or (Neonatal Behavior$ Assessment Scale) or (Neonatal Behaviour$ Assessment Scale) or (Newborn Behavior$ Assessment Scale) or (Newborn Behaviour$ Assessment Scale) [Words] and (newborn$ or neonat$ or baby or babies or infant$) [Words] and ((PT:"randomised controlled trial" OR PT:"controlled clinical trial" OR PT:"multicenter study" OR MH:"randomised controlled trials as topic" OR MH:"controlled clinical trials as topic" OR MH:"multicenter studies as topic" OR MH:"random allocation" OR MH:"double‐blind method" OR MH:"single‐blind method") OR ((ensaio$ OR ensayo$ OR trial$) AND (azar OR acaso OR placebo OR control$ OR aleat$ OR random$ OR enmascarado$ OR simpleciego OR ((simple$ OR single OR duplo$ OR doble$ OR double$) AND (cego OR ciego OR blind OR mask))) AND clinic$)) AND NOT (MH:animals OR MH:rabbits OR MH:rats OR MH:primates OR MH:dogs OR MH:cats OR MH:swine OR PT:"in vitro") [Words]

ClinicalTrials.gov

clinicaltrials.gov

Brazelton OR NBAS OR NBO

ISTRN

www.isrctn.com

Brazelton OR NBAS OR NBO

UK Clinical Research Network Study Portfolio

public.ukcrn.org.uk

Brazelton OR NBAS OR NBO

World Health Organisation (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP)

who.int/ictrp/en

Brazelton OR NBAS OR NBO

Sequence generation (selection bias)

Did the method used to generate the allocation sequence produce comparable groups?

1. Low risk of bias: used a truly random method of sequence generation such as a random number generator on a computer.

2. High risk of bias: used a quasi‐ or non‐random method of sequence generation such as assigning participants to groups based on case number or birth date.

3. Unclear risk of bias: the method of generation was not sufficiently described such as stating that 'participants were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups' without specifying the randomisation method.

Allocation concealment (selection bias)

Was the method used to conceal allocation sequence adequate, or could the allocation schedules have been foreseen in advance of, or during, recruitment? Could the schedules have been changed after assignment?

1. Low risk of bias: used adequate methods for allocation concealment such as central randomisation and sequentially numbered and sealed opaque envelopes.

2. High risk of bias: used methods that were inadequate for allocation concealment such as alternation, assignment by date of birth, and unsealed or non‐opaque envelopes.

3. Unclear risk of bias: the method of allocation concealment was not sufficiently described to allow assessment of whether it was adequate.

Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias)

Were adequate steps taken to blind participants, intervention personnel, and investigators as to which treatment arm a given participant might have received?

1. Low risk of bias: used an adequate method of blinding or where lack of blinding was unlikely to affect results.

2. High risk of bias: used inadequate method of blinding or where no blinding method was used.

3. Unclear risk of bias: in cases where the method of blinding was not sufficiently described to allow assessment of whether it was adequate.

Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias)

Were steps taken to blind outcome evaluators and data assessors as to which treatment a given participant might have received?

1. Low risk of bias: used adequate method of blinding or where lack of blinding was unlikely to affect results.

2. High risk of bias: used inadequate method of blinding or where no blinding method was used.

3. Unclear risk of bias: the method of blinding was not sufficiently described to allow assessment of whether it was adequate.

Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)

Were incomplete data dealt with adequately by the study investigators? How were data on attrition and exclusions reported?

1. Low risk of bias: no outcome data were missing, or outcome data were missing for acceptable reasons such as attrition of healthy persons over a long‐term study, or missing outcome data were balanced across groups, or intention‐to‐treat analyses were used.

2. High risk of bias: a significant amount of outcome data were missing, or outcome data were missing for unacceptable reasons such as exclusion due to 'failure to improve', or missing outcome data were imbalanced across groups, or as‐treated analyses were used.

3. Unclear risk of bias: the reasons for missing outcome data were not sufficiently described to allow assessment of whether missing data were likely to affect the results.

Selective outcome reporting (reporting bias)

Was any attempt made to reduce the possibility of selective outcome reporting?

1. Low risk of bias: all of the expected outcomes were reported.

2. High risk of bias: not all the expected or pre‐specified outcomes were reported, or one or more reported primary outcomes were not pre‐specified, or outcomes were reported incompletely and could not be used.

3. Unclear risk of bias: it was unclear whether there was a risk of selective outcome reporting.

Other sources of bias

Was each study apparently free of other problems (e.g. baseline imbalance; contamination; fraudulence) that could put it at a high risk of bias? We examined, for example, baseline or pre‐treatment means, if available, to determine if any imbalance existed in those participant characteristics that were strongly related to outcome measures, as imbalance can cause bias in intervention effect estimates (Higgins 2017, section 8.14.1.2).

1. Low risk of bias: the study was apparently free of other sources of bias.

2. High risk of bias: the study was at risk of at least one other sources of bias.

3. Unclear risk of bias: there was insufficient information to assess if the study was at risk for other sources of bias.