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Farmakoterapi antihipertensi untuk mencegah kematian sakit jantung secara tiba‐tiba pada individu yang menghidapi darah tinggi.

Appendices

Appendix 1. Search strategies

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) 1946 to Present with Daily Update
Search Date: 13 January 2016
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

1 exp thiazides/ (14683)

2 exp sodium chloride symporter inhibitors/ (13465)

3 exp sodium potassium chloride symporter inhibitors/ (12878)

4 ((ceiling or loop) adj diuretic?).tw. (2241)

5 (amiloride or benzothiadiazine or bendroflumethiazide or bumetanide or chlorothiazide or cyclopenthiazide or furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide or hydroflumethiazide or methyclothiazide or metolazone or polythiazide or trichlormethiazide or veratide or thiazide?).tw. (30887)

6 (chlorthalidone or chlortalidone or phthalamudine or chlorphthalidolone or oxodoline or thalitone or hygroton or indapamide or metindamide).tw. (2099)

7 or/1‐6 [THZ] (45504)

8 exp angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/ (39474)

9 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibit$.tw. (16301)

10 (ace adj2 inhibit$).tw. (16602)

11 acei.tw. (2437)

12 (alacepril or altiopril or ancovenin or benazepril or captopril or ceranapril or ceronapril or cilazapril or deacetylalacepril or delapril or derapril or enalapril or epicaptopril or fasidotril or fosinopril or foroxymithine or gemopatrilat or idapril or imidapril or indolapril or libenzapril or lisinopril or moexipril or moveltipril or omapatrilat or pentopril$ or perindopril$ or pivopril or quinapril$ or ramipril$ or rentiapril or saralasin or s nitrosocaptopril or spirapril$ or temocapril$ or teprotide or trandolapril$ or utibapril$ or zabicipril$ or zofenopril$ or Aceon or Accupril or Altace or Capoten or Lotensin or Mavik or Monopril or Prinivil or Univas or Vasotec or Zestril).tw. (24224)

13 or/8‐12 [ACEI] (53318)

14 exp Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/ (18967)

15 (angiotensin adj3 (receptor antagon$ or receptor block$)).tw. (10209)

16 arb?.tw. (4325)

17 (abitesartan or azilsartan or candesartan or elisartan or embusartan or eprosartan or forasartan or irbesartan or losartan or milfasartan or olmesartan or saprisartan or tasosartan or telmisartan or valsartan or zolasartan or Atacand or Avapro or Benicar or Cozaar or Diovan or Micardis or Teveten).tw. (13440)

18 or/14‐17 [ARB] (26495)

19 exp calcium channel blockers/ (75134)

20 (amlodipine or aranidipine or barnidipine or bencyclane or benidipine or bepridil or cilnidipine or cinnarizine or clentiazem or darodipine or diltiazem or efonidipine or elgodipine or etafenone or fantofarone or felodipine or fendiline or flunarizine or gallopamil or isradipine or lacidipine or lercanidipine or lidoflazine or lomerizine or manidipine or mibefradil or nicardipine or nifedipine or niguldipine or nilvadipine or nimodipine or nisoldipine or nitrendipine or perhexiline or prenylamine or semotiadil or terodiline or tiapamil or verapamil or Cardizem CD or Dilacor XR or Tiazac or Cardizem Calan or Isoptin or Calan SR or Isoptin SR Coer or Covera HS or Verelan PM).tw. (56470)

21 (calcium adj2 (antagonist? or block$ or inhibit$)).tw. (34966)

22 or/19‐21 [CCB] (100015)

23 (methyldopa or alphamethyldopa or amodopa or dopamet or dopegyt or dopegit or dopegite or emdopa or hyperpax or hyperpaxa or methylpropionic acid or dopergit or meldopa or methyldopate or medopa or medomet or sembrina or aldomet or aldometil or aldomin or hydopa or methyldihydroxyphenylalanine or methyl dopa or mulfasin or presinol or presolisin or sedometil or sembrina or taquinil or dihydroxyphenylalanine or methylphenylalanine or methylalanine or alpha methyl dopa).mp. (14779)

24 (reserpine or serpentina or rauwolfia or serpasil).mp. (19670)

25 (clonidine or adesipress or arkamin or caprysin or catapres$ or catasan or chlofazolin or chlophazolin or clinidine or clofelin$ or clofenil or clomidine or clondine or clonistada or clonnirit or clophelin$ or dichlorophenylaminoimidazoline or dixarit or duraclon or gemiton or haemiton or hemiton or imidazoline or isoglaucon or klofelin or klofenil or m‐5041t or normopresan or paracefan or st‐155 or st 155 or tesno timelets).mp. (18463)

26 exp hydralazine/ (4535)

27 (hydralazin$ or hydrallazin$ or hydralizine or hydrazinophtalazine or hydrazinophthalazine or hydrazinophtalizine or dralzine or hydralacin or hydrolazine or hypophthalin or hypoftalin or hydrazinophthalazine or idralazina or 1‐hydrazinophthalazine or apressin or nepresol or apressoline or apresoline or apresolin or alphapress or alazine or idralazina or lopress or plethorit or praeparat).tw. (4154)

28 or/23‐27 [CNS] (55461)

29 exp adrenergic beta‐antagonists/ (78226)

30 (acebutolol or adimolol or afurolol or alprenolol or amosulalol or arotinolol or atenolol or befunolol or betaxolol or bevantolol or bisoprolol or bopindolol or bornaprolol or brefonalol or bucindolol or bucumolol or bufetolol or bufuralol or bunitrolol or bunolol or bupranolol or butofilolol or butoxamine or carazolol or carteolol or carvedilol or celiprolol or cetamolol or chlortalidone cloranolol or cyanoiodopindolol or cyanopindolol or deacetylmetipranolol or diacetolol or dihydroalprenolol or dilevalol or epanolol or esmolol or exaprolol or falintolol or flestolol or flusoxolol or hydroxybenzylpinodolol or hydroxycarteolol or hydroxymetoprolol or indenolol or iodocyanopindolol or iodopindolol or iprocrolol or isoxaprolol or labetalol or landiolol or levobunolol or levomoprolol or medroxalol or mepindolol or methylthiopropranolol or metipranolol or metoprolol or moprolol or nadolol or oxprenolol or penbutolol or pindolol or nadolol or nebivolol or nifenalol or nipradilol or oxprenolol or pafenolol or pamatolol or penbutolol or pindolol or practolol or primidolol or prizidilol or procinolol or pronetalol or propranolol or proxodolol or ridazolol or salcardolol or soquinolol or sotalol or spirendolol or talinolol or tertatolol or tienoxolol or tilisolol or timolol or tolamolol or toliprolol or tribendilol or xibenolol).tw. (57382)

31 (beta adj2 (adrenergic? or antagonist? or block$ or receptor?)).tw. (88421)

32 or/29‐31 [BB] (142694)

33 exp adrenergic alpha antagonists/ (47587)

34 (alfuzosin or bunazosin or doxazosin or metazosin or neldazosin or prazosin or silodosin or tamsulosin or terazosin or tiodazosin or trimazosin).tw. (12922)

35 (adrenergic adj2 (alpha or antagonist?)).tw. (18584)

36 ((adrenergic or alpha or receptor?) adj2 block$).tw. (51526)

37 or/33‐36 [AB] (104492)

38 hypertension/ (205857)

39 hypertens$.tw. (320460)

40 ((high or elevat$ or rais$) adj2 blood pressure).tw. (22415)

41 or/38‐40 (378583)

42 randomized controlled trial.pt. (403223)

43 controlled clinical trial.pt. (89924)

44 randomized.ab. (300551)

45 placebo.ab. (154066)

46 clinical trials as topic/ (174243)

47 randomly.ab. (213007)

48 trial.ti. (130278)

49 or/42‐48 (921351)

50 animals/ not (humans/ and animals/) (4139775)

51 Pregnancy/ or Hypertension, Pregnancy‐Induced/ or Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/ or exp Ocular Hypertension/ (808940)

52 (pregnancy‐induced or ocular hypertens$ or preeclampsia or pre‐eclampsia).ti. (12542)

53 49 not (50 or 51 or 52) (812533)

54 (7 or 13 or 18 or 22 or 28 or 32 or 37) and 41 and 53 (15322)

55 54 and (2015$ or 2016$).ed. (284)

56 remove duplicates from 55 (276)

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Database: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on Wiley <Issue 1, 2016> via Cochrane Register of Studies Online
Search Date: 14 January 2016
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
#1MeSH descriptor Thiazides explode all trees2247

#2MeSH descriptor Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors explode all trees2703

#3MeSH descriptor Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors explode all trees967

#4(loop or ceiling) next diuretic*:ti,ab324

#5(amiloride or benzothiadiazine or bendroflumethiazide or bumetanide or chlorothiazide or cyclopenthiazide or furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide or hydroflumethiazide or methyclothiazide or metolazone or polythiazide or trichlormethiazide or veratide or thiazide*):ti,ab4836

#6(chlorthalidone or chlortalidone or phthalamudine or chlorphthalidolone or oxodoline or thalitone or hygroton or indapamide or metindamide):ti,ab894

#7#1 OR #2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #66356

#8MeSH descriptor Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors explode all trees5527

#9"angiotensin converting enzyme" next inhibit*:ti,ab2838

#10ace near3 inhibit*:ti,ab2849

#11acei:ti,ab525

#12(alacepril or altiopril or ancovenin or benazepril or captopril or ceranapril or ceronapril or cilazapril or deacetylalacepril or delapril or derapril or enalapril or epicaptopril or fasidotril or fosinopril or foroxymithine or gemopatrilat or idapril or imidapril or indolapril or libenzapril or lisinopril or moexipril or moveltipril or omapatrilat or pentopril* or perindopril* or pivopril or quinapril* or ramipril* or rentiapril or saralasin or s nitrosocaptopril or spirapril* or temocapril* or teprotide or trandolapril* or utibapril* or zabicipril* or zofenopril*):ti,ab7364

#13#8 OR #9 OR #10 OR #11 OR #1210002

#14MeSH descriptor Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists explode all trees2422

#15angiotensin near3 (receptor next antagon* or receptor next block*):ti,ab1960

#16arbs:ti,ab338

#17(abitesartan or azilsartan or candesartan or elisartan or embusartan or eprosartan or forasartan or irbesartan or losartan or milfasartan or olmesartan or saprisartan or tasosartan or telmisartan or valsartan or zolasartan):ti,ab4511

#18#14 OR #15 OR #16 OR #175317

#19MeSH descriptor Calcium Channel Blockers explode all trees7947

#20(amlodipine or amrinone or aranidipine or barnidipine or bencyclane or benidipine or bepridil or cilnidipine or cinnarizine or clentiazem or darodipine or diltiazem or efonidipine or elgodipine or etafenone or fantofarone or felodipine or fendiline or flunarizine or gallopamil or isradipine or lacidipine or lercanidipine or lidoflazine or lomerizine or manidipine or mibefradil or nicardipine or nifedipine or niguldipine or nilvadipine or nimodipine or nisoldipine or nitrendipine or perhexiline or prenylamine or semotiadil or terodiline or tiapamil or verapamil):ti,ab11089

#21calcium near2 (antagonist* or block* or inhibit*):ti,ab4116

#22#19 OR #20 OR #2113599

#23(methyldopa or alphamethyldopa or amodopa or dopamet or dopegyt or dopegit or dopegite or emdopa or hyperpax or hyperpaxa or methylpropionic acid or dopergit or meldopa or methyldopate or medopa or medomet or sembrina or aldomet or aldometil or aldomin or hydopa or methyldihydroxyphenylalanine or methyl dopa or mulfasin or presinol or presolisin or sedometil or sembrina or taquinil or dihydroxyphenylalanine or methylphenylalanine or methylalanine or alpha methyl dopa):ti,ab,kw567

#24(reserpine or serpentina or rauwolfia or serpasil):ti,ab,kw231

#25(clonidine or adesipress or arkamin or caprysin or catapres$ or catasan or chlofazolin or chlophazolin or clinidine or clofelin$ or clofenil or clomidine or clondine or clonistada or clonnirit or clophelin$ or dichlorophenylaminoimidazoline or dixarit or duraclon or gemiton or haemiton or hemiton or imidazoline or isoglaucon or klofelin or klofenil or m‐5041t or normopresan or paracefan or st‐155 or st 155 or tesno timelets):ti,ab,kw2648

#26MeSH descriptor Hydralazine explode all trees299

#27(hydralazin* or hydrallazin* or hydralizine or hydrazinophtalazine or hydrazinophthalazine or hydrazinophtalizine or dralzine or hydralacin or hydrolazine or hypophthalin or hypoftalin or hydrazinophthalazine or idralazina or 1‐hydrazinophthalazine or apressin or nepresol or apressoline or apresoline or apresolin or alphapress or alazine or idralazina or lopress or plethorit or praeparat):ti,ab,kw431

#28#23 OR #24 OR #25 OR #26 OR #273837

#29MeSH descriptor Adrenergic beta‐Antagonists explode all trees9425

#30(acebutolol or adimolol or afurolol or alprenolol or amosulalol or arotinolol or atenolol or befunolol or betaxolol or bevantolol or bisoprolol or bopindolol or bornaprolol or brefonalol or bucindolol or bucumolol or bufetolol or bufuralol or bunitrolol or bunolol or bupranolol or butofilolol or butoxamine or carazolol or carteolol or carvedilol or celiprolol or cetamolol or chlortalidone cloranolol or cyanoiodopindolol or cyanopindolol or deacetylmetipranolol or diacetolol or dihydroalprenolol or dilevalol or epanolol or esmolol or exaprolol or falintolol or flestolol or flusoxolol or hydroxybenzylpinodolol or hydroxycarteolol or hydroxymetoprolol or indenolol or iodocyanopindolol or iodopindolol or iprocrolol or isoxaprolol or labetalol or landiolol or levobunolol or levomoprolol or medroxalol or mepindolol or methylthiopropranolol or metipranolol or metoprolol or moprolol or nadolol or oxprenolol or penbutolol or pindolol or nadolol or nebivolol or nifenalol or nipradilol or oxprenolol or pafenolol or pamatolol or penbutolol or pindolol or practolol or primidolol or prizidilol or procinolol or pronetalol or propranolol or proxodolol or ridazolol or salcardolol or soquinolol or sotalol or spirendolol or talinolol or tertatolol or tienoxolol or tilisolol or timolol or tolamolol or toliprolol or tribendilol or xibenolol):ti,ab13596

#31beta near2 (adrenergic* or antagonist* or block* or receptor*):ti,ab8436

#32#29 OR #30 OR #3117593

#33MeSH descriptor Adrenergic alpha‐Antagonists explode all trees2966

#34(alfuzosin or bunazosin or doxazosin or metazosin or neldazosin or prazosin or silodosin or tamsulosin or terazosin or tiodazosin or trimazosin):ti,ab1992

#35adrenergic near2 (alpha or antagonist*):ti,ab402

#36(adrenergic or alpha or receptor*) near2 block*:ti,ab5466

#37#33 OR #34 OR #35 OR #368851

#38MeSH descriptor Hypertension13751

#39hypertens*:ti,ab31186

#40(elevat* or high* or raise*) near2 blood pressure:ti,ab1976

#41#38 OR #39 OR #4033478

#42#7 OR #13 OR #18 OR #22 OR #28 OR #32 OR #3747478

#43#41 AND #4216338

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Database: Embase <1974 to 2016 January 12>
Search Date: 13 January 2016
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

1 exp thiazide diuretic agent/ (49977)

2 exp loop diuretic agent/ (61804)

3 ((loop or ceiling) adj diuretic?).tw. (3467)

4 (amiloride or benzothiadiazine or bendroflumethiazide or bumetanide or chlorothiazide or cyclopenthiazide or furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide or hydroflumethiazide or methyclothiazide or metolazone or polythiazide or trichlormethiazide or veratide or thiazide?).tw. (40241)

5 (chlorthalidone or chlortalidone or phthalamudine or chlorphthalidolone or oxodoline or thalitone or hygroton or indapamide or metindamide).tw. (3621)

6 or/1‐5 [THZ] (115178)

7 exp dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor/ (146016)

8 angiotensin converting enzyme inhibit$.tw. (21265)

9 (ace adj2 inhibit$).tw. (25386)

10 acei.tw. (5169)

11 (alacepril or altiopril or ancovenin or benazepril or captopril or ceranapril or ceronapril or cilazapril or deacetylalacepril or delapril or derapril or enalapril or epicaptopril or fasidotril or fosinopril or foroxymithine or gemopatrilat or idapril or imidapril or indolapril or libenzapril or lisinopril or moexipril or moveltipril or omapatrilat or pentopril$ or perindopril$ or pivopril or quinapril$ or ramipril$ or rentiapril or saralasin or s nitrosocaptopril or spirapril$ or temocapril$ or teprotide or trandolapril$ or utibapril$ or zabicipril$ or zofenopril$ or Aceon or Accupril or Altace or Capoten or Lotensin or Mavik or Monopril or Prinivil or Univas or Vasotec or Zestril).tw. (34232)

12 or/7‐11 [ACEI] (154116)

13 exp angiotensin receptor antagonist/ (68667)

14 (angiotensin adj3 (receptor antagon$ or receptor block$)).tw. (15952)

15 arb?.tw. (9450)

16 (abitesartan or azilsartan or candesartan or elisartan or embusartan or eprosartan or forasartan or irbesartan or losartan or milfasartan or olmesartan or saprisartan or tasosartan or telmisartan or valsartan or zolasartan or Atacand or Avapro or Benicar or Cozaar or Diovan or Micardis or Teveten).tw. (22408)

17 or/13‐16 [ARB] (74373)

18 calcium channel blocking agent/ (51954)

19 (amlodipine or aranidipine or barnidipine or bencyclane or benidipine or bepridil or cilnidipine or cinnarizine or clentiazem or darodipine or diltiazem or efonidipine or elgodipine or etafenone or fantofarone or felodipine or fendiline or flunarizine or gallopamil or isradipine or lacidipine or lercanidipine or lidoflazine or lomerizine or manidipine or mibefradil or nicardipine or nifedipine or niguldipine or nilvadipine or nimodipine or nisoldipine or nitrendipine or perhexiline or prenylamine or semotiadil or terodiline or tiapamil or verapamil or Cardizem CD or Dilacor XR or Tiazac or Cardizem Calan or Isoptin or Calan SR or Isoptin SR Coer or Covera HS or Verelan PM).tw. (75122)

20 (calcium adj2 (antagonist? or block$ or inhibit$)).tw. (45137)

21 or/18‐20 [CCB] (133231)

22 (methyldopa or alphamethyldopa or amodopa or dopamet or dopegyt or dopegit or dopegite or emdopa or hyperpax or hyperpaxa or methylpropionic acid or dopergit or meldopa or methyldopate or medopa or medomet or sembrina or aldomet or aldometil or aldomin or hydopa or methyldihydroxyphenylalanine or methyl dopa or mulfasin or presinol or presolisin or sedometil or sembrina or taquinil or dihydroxyphenylalanine or methylphenylalanine or methylalanine or alpha methyl dopa).mp. (27831)

23 (reserpine or serpentina or rauwolfia or serpasil).mp. (30770)

24 (clonidine or adesipress or arkamin or caprysin or catapres$ or catasan or chlofazolin or chlophazolin or clinidine or clofelin$ or clofenil or clomidine or clondine or clonistada or clonnirit or clophelin$ or dichlorophenylaminoimidazoline or dixarit or duraclon or gemiton or haemiton or hemiton or imidazoline or isoglaucon or klofelin or klofenil or m‐5041t or normopresan or paracefan or st‐155 or st 155 or tesno timelets).mp. (44044)

25 hydralazine/ (17592)

26 (hydralazin$ or hydrallazin$ or hydralizine or hydrazinophtalazine or hydrazinophthalazine or hydrazinophtalizine or dralzine or hydralacin or hydrolazine or hypophthalin or hypoftalin or hydrazinophthalazine or idralazina or 1‐hydrazinophthalazine or apressin or nepresol or apressoline or apresoline or apresolin or alphapress or alazine or idralazina or lopress or plethorit or praeparat).tw. (6203)

27 or/22‐26 [CNS] (105686)

28 exp beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent/ (253415)

29 (acebutolol or adimolol or afurolol or alprenolol or amosulalol or arotinolol or atenolol or befunolol or betaxolol or bevantolol or bisoprolol or bopindolol or bornaprolol or brefonalol or bucindolol or bucumolol or bufetolol or bufuralol or bunitrolol or bunolol or bupranolol or butofilolol or butoxamine or carazolol or carteolol or carvedilol or celiprolol or cetamolol or chlortalidone cloranolol or cyanoiodopindolol or cyanopindolol or deacetylmetipranolol or diacetolol or dihydroalprenolol or dilevalol or epanolol or esmolol or exaprolol or falintolol or flestolol or flusoxolol or hydroxybenzylpinodolol or hydroxycarteolol or hydroxymetoprolol or indenolol or iodocyanopindolol or iodopindolol or iprocrolol or isoxaprolol or labetalol or landiolol or levobunolol or levomoprolol or medroxalol or mepindolol or methylthiopropranolol or metipranolol or metoprolol or moprolol or nadolol or oxprenolol or penbutolol or pindolol or nadolol or nebivolol or nifenalol or nipradilol or oxprenolol or pafenolol or pamatolol or penbutolol or pindolol or practolol or primidolol or prizidilol or procinolol or pronetalol or propranolol or proxodolol or ridazolol or salcardolol or soquinolol or sotalol or spirendolol or talinolol or tertatolol or tienoxolol or tilisolol or timolol or tolamolol or toliprolol or tribendilol or xibenolol).tw. (76208)

30 (beta adj2 (adrenergic? or antagonist? or block$ or receptor?)).tw. (110070)

31 or/28‐30 [BB] (306054)

32 exp alpha adrenergic receptor blocking agent/ (126208)

33 (alfuzosin or bunazosin or doxazosin or metazosin or neldazosin or prazosin or silodosin or tamsulosin or terazosin or tiodazosin or trimazosin).tw. (15975)

34 (adrenergic adj2 (alpha or antagonist?)).tw. (17678)

35 ((adrenergic or alpha or receptor?) adj2 block$).tw. (67235)

36 or/32‐35 [AB] (190161)

37 exp hypertension/ (556409)

38 (hypertens$ or antihypertens$).tw. (508004)

39 ((high or elevat$ or rais$) adj2 blood pressure).tw. (32657)

40 or/37‐39 (730540)

41 double blind$.mp. (203065)

42 placebo$.tw. (230914)

43 blind$.tw. (310333)

44 or/41‐43 (449503)

45 (exp animal/ or animal.hw. or nonhuman/) not (exp human/ or human cell/ or (human or humans).ti.) (5742913)

46 Pregnancy/ or Hypertension, Pregnancy‐Induced/ or Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular/ or exp Ocular Hypertension/ (614605)

47 (pregnancy‐induced or ocular hypertens$ or preeclampsia or pre‐eclampsia).ti. (18262)

48 44 not (45 or 46 or 47) (417356)

49 (6 or 12 or 17 or 21 or 27 or 31 or 36) and 40 and 48 (12964)

50 49 and (2015$ or 2016$).em. (421)

51 remove duplicates from 50 (402)

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Database: ClinicalTrials.gov
Search Date: 13 January 2016
‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
Search terms: randomized
Study type: Interventional Studies
Conditions: hypertension
Interventions: antihypertensive
Outcome Measures: blood pressure
First Received: First Received: From 01/01/2015 to 01/13/2016 (43)

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PRISMA study flow diagram.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

PRISMA study flow diagram.

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.1 Sudden cardiac death.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Funnel plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.1 Sudden cardiac death.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 4

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.1 Sudden cardiac death.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 5

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.1 Sudden cardiac death.

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.2 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 6

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.2 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction.

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.3 Fatal myocardial infarction.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 7

Forest plot of comparison: 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control, outcome: 1.3 Fatal myocardial infarction.

Forest plot of comparison: 3 Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others, outcome: 3.1 Sudden cardiac death.
Figuras y tablas -
Figure 8

Forest plot of comparison: 3 Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others, outcome: 3.1 Sudden cardiac death.

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 1 Sudden cardiac death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 1 Sudden cardiac death.

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 2 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction.

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Fatal myocardial infarction.
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 3 Fatal myocardial infarction.

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 4 Withdrawals due to adverse effects.
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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control, Outcome 4 Withdrawals due to adverse effects.

Comparison 2 Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others, Outcome 1 Sudden cardiac death.
Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others, Outcome 1 Sudden cardiac death.

Summary of findings for the main comparison. Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy versus control for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals

Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy versus control for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals

Patient or population: people with hypertension (defined as baseline systolic resting blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or resting diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg)
Setting: primary care outpatient
Intervention: antihypertensive pharmacotherapy (first‐line thiazide, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, calcium channel blocker or beta‐blocker)
Comparison: placebo or no treatment

Outcomes

Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI)

Relative effect
(95% CI)

Number of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Risk with control

Risk with antihypertensive pharmacotherapy

Sudden cardiac death

(mean follow‐up: 4.2 years)

Study population

RR 0.96
(0.81 to 1.15)

39908
(15 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

13 per 1000

12 per 1000
(10 to 14)

Non‐fatal myocardial infarction (mean follow‐up: 4.2 years)

Study population

RR 0.85
(0.74 to

0.98)

39908
(15 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

20 per 1000

17 per 1000
(15 to 20)

Fatal myocardial infarction (mean follow‐up: 4.2 years)

Study population

RR 0.75
(0.62 to

0.90)

39908
(15 RCTs)

⊕⊕⊕⊝
moderatea

12 per 1000

9 per 1000
(7 to 11)

*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: confidence interval; RR: risk ratio

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of effect
Moderate quality: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of effect but may be substantially different
Low quality: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of effect
Very low quality: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect

aDowngraded 1 level for imprecision (wide confidence intervals)

Figuras y tablas -
Summary of findings for the main comparison. Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy versus control for prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertensive individuals
Comparison 1. Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Sudden cardiac death Show forest plot

15

39908

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.96 [0.81, 1.15]

2 Non‐fatal myocardial infarction Show forest plot

15

39908

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.85 [0.74, 0.98]

3 Fatal myocardial infarction Show forest plot

15

39908

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.75 [0.62, 0.90]

4 Withdrawals due to adverse effects Show forest plot

10

32026

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

2.06 [1.11, 3.83]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Antihypertensive drug therapy versus control
Comparison 2. Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Sudden cardiac death Show forest plot

15

38281

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.00 [0.83, 1.19]

1.1 First‐line diuretic

10

17912

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.08 [0.82, 1.43]

1.2 First‐line other antihypertensive drugs

5

20369

Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.94 [0.74, 1.19]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Subgroup analysis, first‐line diuretic versus others