Appendix 1. MEDLINE search strategy

1. Food

Food/ or food* [MESH] or Food Supply/ or Agricultural Crops/ or crop or Flour/ or flour* or Salts/ or salt* or Fish Products/ or Soy Foods or sauce* or Cereals/ or cereal* or Dietary Carbohydrates/ or sugar* or Oryza sativa/ or rice* or Milk/ or milk*[MESH] or Bread/ or bread [MESH] or Oils/ or oil* or Beverages/ or beverage* or Yogurt/ or yogurt* or Margarine/ or margarine* or Cheese/ or cheese* or exp Zea mays/ or maize* or Condiments/ or condiment* or Triticum/ or wheat* or Spices/ or curry powder* or Dietary Fats/ or fat* or Dairy Products/ or dairy

2. Micronutrients

Iron/ or iron [MESH] or ferr* or Iodine/ or iod* [MESH] or Vitamin A/ or "vitamin A" [MESH] or beta Carotene/ or beta carotene [MESH] or Ferric Compounds [MESH] or Folic Acid/ or folic acid [MESH] or folate* or Ferrous Compounds/ or Micronutrients/ or micronutrient* [MESH]

3. Fortification

Fortified [MESH]/ or fortif* or fortification [MESH] or enrich*

4. Outcomes

Deficiency Diseases/ or "deficiency disease*" [MESH] or Nutrition Disorders/ or "nutrition disorder*"[MESH] or Infant Nutrition Disorders/ or "infant nutrition disorder*" [MESH] or Malnutrition/ or malnutrition [MESH] or Vitamin A Deficiency/ or "vitamin A deficien*" [MESH] or Folic Acid Deficiency/ or "folic acid deficienc*" or an*mia/ or an*mia or an*mic or An*mia, Iron‐Deficiency/ or "iron‐deficien* anemi*" or Anemia, Hypochromic/ or "hypochromic an*mi*" or "micronutrient deficien*" or H*moglobins/ or h*moglobin* or haemoglobin* or Homocysteine/ or homocysteine or Ferritins/ or ferritin* or Receptors, Transferrin/ or "transferrin receptor*" or Transferrin/ or Transferrins/ or transferrin* or Protoporphyrins/ or protoporphyrins or "erythrocyte protophorphyrin*" or retinol or folate or Growth Disorders/ or "growth disorder*" or Wasting Syndrome/ or "wasting syndrome*" or wasting or stunt* or underweight or Thinness/ or thin* or Body Mass Index/ or "body mass index" or bmi or Body Height/ or "body height*" or Body Weight/ or "body weight*" or "height* for age" or "weight* for age" or "weight for height" or "mid‐upper arm circumference*" or Infant, Small for Gestational Age/ or "small for gestational age" or Anthropometry/ or anthropometr* or Body Size/ or "body size*" or Congenital Abnormalities/ or "congenital abnormalit*" or Neural Tube Defects/ or "neural tube defect*" or NTD* or Spinal Dysraphism/ or "spinal dysraphism" or "spina bifida" or Stillbirth/ or stillbirth* or Congenital Hypothyroidism/ or "congenital hypothyroidism*" or cretinism or Nervous System Diseases/ or "nervous system disease*" or "neurological impairment*" or Cognition Disorders/ or "cognit* disorder*" or Mild Cognitive Impairment/ or "cognitive impairment*" or Night Blindness/ or "night blindness*" or Xerophthalmia/ or xerophthalm* or Hypothyroidism/ or hypothyroid* or Goiter/ or (goiter or goitre) or Diarrhea/ or Diarrhea, Infantile/ or diarrhea or Pneumonia/ or pneumonia or Malaria/ or malaria or Urinary Tract Infections/ or "urinary tract infection*" or UTI or Fever/ or fever* or Morbidity/ or morbidity or Fetal Mortality/ or Maternal Mortality/ or Child Mortality/ or Infant Mortality/ or Mortality/ or mortality or Heart Diseases/ or "heart disease*" or Stroke/ or stroke or Depression/ or depression or Health Status Indicators/ or "health status indicator*"

A) 2 and 3

B) 3 and 4

C) 1 and 3

D) 1 and 2 and 3

E) 1 and 2 and 3 and 4