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Study flow diagram.
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Figure 1

Study flow diagram.

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Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
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Figure 2

Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included trial.
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Figure 3

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included trial.

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Forest plot of comparison: proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up.
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Figure 4

Forest plot of comparison: proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up.

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Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 1 Proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 1 Proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up.

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Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 2 Proportion of participants who were re‐admitted within 6 months.
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Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 2 Proportion of participants who were re‐admitted within 6 months.

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Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 3 Proportion with ongoing wheeze (between post discharge from hospital and 6 months).
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Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 3 Proportion with ongoing wheeze (between post discharge from hospital and 6 months).

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Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 4 Adverse events.
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Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1 Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo), Outcome 4 Adverse events.

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. Antibiotics compared with placebo or no treatment for persistent respiratory symptoms following acute bronchiolitis

Antibiotics compared with placebo or no treatment for persistent respiratory symptoms following acute bronchiolitis

Patient or population: children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis

Setting: post‐acute bronchiolitis phase > 14 days

Intervention: antibiotics

Comparison: placebo or no treatment

Outcomes

Odds ratio effect
(95% CI)

No of participants
(studies)

Quality of the evidence
(GRADE)

Comments

Proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up

OR 0.20

(95% CI 0.02 to 2.02)

30
(1 study)

⊕⊕⊝⊝1
low

Proportion of participants who were readmitted within 6 months

OR 0.11

(95% CI 0.01 to 1.29)

21
(1 study)

⊕⊕⊝⊝1
low

Adverse events

Not estimable

30
(1 study)

See comment

No adverse events were documented

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence:
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

1. There was a single study and we were not able to conduct analyses on the intention‐to‐treat population, therefore future trials are likely to alter the treatment effect, our confidence in the reported effect, or both.

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Summary of findings for the main comparison. Antibiotics compared with placebo or no treatment for persistent respiratory symptoms following acute bronchiolitis
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Comparison 1. Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Proportion of participants who were not cured at follow‐up Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2 Proportion of participants who were re‐admitted within 6 months Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

3 Proportion with ongoing wheeze (between post discharge from hospital and 6 months) Show forest plot

1

21

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.11 [0.01, 1.29]

4 Adverse events Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Prevention of post‐bronchiolitis syndrome (antibiotics vs. placebo)
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