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Study flow diagram.

Figuras y tablas -
Figure 1

Study flow diagram.

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Figuras y tablas -
Figure 2

Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 1: Participation in physical activity (MJ/day)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 1: Participation in physical activity (MJ/day)

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 2: Change in quality of life

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.2

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 2: Change in quality of life

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 3: Change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.3

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 3: Change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min)

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 4: Change in FEV1 (% predicted)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.4

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 4: Change in FEV1 (% predicted)

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 5: Change in FVC (% predicted)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.5

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 5: Change in FVC (% predicted)

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 6: Change in fat‐free mass (kg)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 1.6

Comparison 1: Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 6: Change in fat‐free mass (kg)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 1: Annual rate of change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min) (follow up > 6 months)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 1: Annual rate of change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min) (follow up > 6 months)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 2: Annual rate of decline FEV1 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.2

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 2: Annual rate of decline FEV1 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 3: Change in FEV1 (% predicted)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.3

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 3: Change in FEV1 (% predicted)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 4: Annual rate of decline FVC (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.4

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 4: Annual rate of decline FVC (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 5: Annual rate of decline FEF25-75 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.5

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 5: Annual rate of decline FEF25-75 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 6: Change in lean body mass (kg)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.6

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 6: Change in lean body mass (kg)

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 7: Change in skin fold measure (mm)

Figuras y tablas -
Analysis 2.7

Comparison 2: Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention, Outcome 7: Change in skin fold measure (mm)

Comparison 1. Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1.1 Participation in physical activity (MJ/day) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.1.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.20 [‐0.47, 2.87]

1.1.2 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

34

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.65 [‐0.86, 2.16]

1.2 Change in quality of life Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.2.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.10 [0.03, 0.17]

1.2.2 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.03 [‐0.04, 0.10]

1.3 Change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.3.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short term; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

8.53 [4.85, 12.21]

1.3.2 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

4.91 [1.13, 8.69]

1.3.3 Predominantly anaerobic training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

20

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.10 [0.12, 4.08]

1.3.4 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.95 [‐1.61, 5.51]

1.3.5 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.40 [‐4.03, 3.23]

1.4 Change in FEV1 (% predicted) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.4.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.03 [‐2.31, 6.37]

1.4.2 Predominatly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.53 [‐2.93, 5.99]

1.4.3 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.58 [1.34, 9.82]

1.4.4 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.08 [0.66, 9.50]

1.5 Change in FVC (% predicted) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.5.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [‐2.55, 2.67]

1.5.2 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.11 [‐2.64, 2.42]

1.5.3 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.17 [‐2.31, 2.65]

1.5.4 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.06 [‐2.42, 2.54]

1.6 Change in fat‐free mass (kg) Show forest plot

2

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

1.6.1 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.01 [‐0.19, 0.21]

1.6.2 Predominantly aerobic training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.04 [‐0.19, 0.27]

1.6.3 Anaerobic training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

20

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.40 [‐1.14, 0.34]

1.6.4 Anaerobic training (follow up between 1 and 6 months)

1

20

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.30 [‐1.27, 1.87]

1.6.5 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up; end of intervention)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.80 [1.57, 2.03]

1.6.6 Predominantly resistance training (short‐term follow up ≦ 1 month)

1

44

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.71 [1.46, 1.96]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Supervised exercise training compared to no intervention
Comparison 2. Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

2.1 Annual rate of change in exercise capacity (ml/kg/min) (follow up > 6 months) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Totals not selected

2.2 Annual rate of decline FEV1 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months) Show forest plot

1

65

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.01 [‐0.06, 4.08]

2.3 Change in FEV1 (% predicted) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.3.1 At 3‐month follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.75 [‐6.10, 4.60]

2.3.2 At 6‐month follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.42 [‐5.42, 10.26]

2.3.3 At 12‐months follow up

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.36 [‐8.02, 7.30]

2.3.4 At 18‐months follow up

1

33

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

5.66 [‐2.88, 14.20]

2.3.5 At 24‐months follow up

1

28

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐1.72 [‐10.62, 7.18]

2.4 Annual rate of decline FVC (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months) Show forest plot

1

65

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.17 [0.47, 3.87]

2.5 Annual rate of decline FEF25-75 (% predicted) (follow up > 6 months) Show forest plot

1

65

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

0.80 [‐2.20, 3.80]

2.6 Change in lean body mass (kg) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.6.1 At 3‐months follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.76 [0.97, 2.55]

2.6.2 At 6‐months follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

2.16 [0.55, 3.77]

2.6.3 At 12‐months follow up

1

30

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.88 [‐0.13, 3.89]

2.6.4 At 18‐months follow up

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.77 [‐0.80, 4.34]

2.6.5 At 24‐months follow up

1

28

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

1.82 [‐1.43, 5.07]

2.7 Change in skin fold measure (mm) Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

Subtotals only

2.7.1 At 3‐months follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐0.47 [‐4.42, 3.48]

2.7.2 At 6‐months follow up

1

35

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐2.54 [‐6.70, 1.62]

2.7.3 At 12‐months follow up

1

30

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.54 [‐10.86, ‐0.22]

2.7.4 At 18‐months follow up

1

31

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐5.03 [‐10.74, 0.68]

2.7.5 At 24‐months follow up

1

28

Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)

‐6.94 [‐14.02, 0.14]

Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 2. Unsupervised exercise training compared to no intervention