Appendix 1. Search strategy for updated review

The following strategies were used for this update.

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) ALL <1946 to May 01, 2020>

1 exp Respiratory Insufficiency/

2 (respiratory adj2 (insufficien* or failure* or depression)).mp.

3 Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/

4 exp Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/

5 (ards or sars or respiratory distress syndrome* or acute respiratory syndrome*).mp.

6 ((acute or adult) adj2 respiratory distress).mp.

7 exp Lung Injury/

8 lung injur*.mp.

9 exp Pneumonia/

10 pneumon*.mp.

11 exp Pulmonary Embolism/

12 ((pulmonary or lung) adj2 embolism).mp.

13 Pulmonary Edema/

14 (Pulmonary adj2 (oedema* or edema*)).mp.

15 Shock, Cardiogenic/

16 left ventricular failure*.mp.

17 exp Heart Failure/

18 ((cardiac or heart) adj2 failure*).mp.

19 exp coronavirus/ or exp Coronavirus Infections/ or (coronavirus* or corona‐virus* or 2019‐nCoV or nCoV or COVID‐19 or Covid19 or SARS‐CoV* or SARSCov* or ncov* or Pandemi*2).mp.

20 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19

21 (prone* or proning or pronation).mp.

22 Prone Position/

23 positioning in.mp.

24 face down.mp.

25 ventral position*.mp.

26 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25

27 20 and 26

28 (2014* or 2015* or 2016* or 2017* or 2018* or 2019* or 2020*).dt,ez,yr,dp,ed.

29 27 and 28

30 ((randomized controlled trial or controlled clinical trial).pt. or randomi?ed.ab. or placebo.ab. or drug therapy.fs. or randomly.ab. or trial.ab. or groups.ab.) not (exp animals/ not humans.sh.)

31 29 and 30

Database: Embase <1974 to 2020 May 01>

1 exp respiratory failure/

2 (respiratory adj2 (insufficien* or failure* or depression)).mp.

3 adult respiratory distress syndrome/

4 severe acute respiratory syndrome/

5 (ards or sars or respiratory distress syndrome* or acute respiratory syndrome*).mp.

6 ((acute or adult) adj2 respiratory distress).mp.

7 exp lung injury/

8 lung injur*.mp.

9 exp pneumonia/

10 pneumon*.mp.

11 lung embolism/

12 ((pulmonary or lung) adj2 embolism).mp.

13 lung edema/

14 ((Pulmonary or lung) adj2 (oedema* or edema*)).mp.

15 cardiogenic shock/

16 left ventricular failure*.mp.

17 exp heart failure/

18 ((cardiac or heart) adj2 failure*).mp.

19 exp coronavirinae/

20 exp coronaviridae infection/

21 (coronavirus* or corona‐virus* or 2019‐nCoV or nCoV or COVID‐19 or Covid19 or SARS‐CoV* or SARSCov* or ncov* or Pandemi*2).mp.

22 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21

23 (prone* or proning or pronation).mp.

24 prone position/

25 positioning in.mp.

26 face down.mp.

27 ventral position*.mp.

28 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27

29 exp intensive care/

30 exp intensive care unit/

31 exp Respiration, Artificial/

32 critical illness/

33 (ICU or ICUs or ITU or CCU or ((intensive or critical) adj3 (care or unit*)) or (critical* adj3 ill*)).mp.

34 (artificial* adj3 respirat*).mp.

35 ventilat*.mp.

36 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35

37 22 and 28 and 36

38 (2014* or 2015* or 2016* or 2017* or 2018* or 2019* or 2020*).dc,dp,yr.

39 37 and 38

40 (randomized controlled trial/ or controlled clinical study/ or random$.ti,ab. or randomization/ or intermethod comparison/ or placebo.ti,ab. or (compare or compared or comparison).ti. or ((evaluated or evaluate or evaluating or assessed or assess) and (compare or compared or comparing or comparison)).ab. or (open adj label).ti,ab. or ((double or single or doubly or singly) adj (blind or blinded or blindly)).ti,ab. or double blind procedure/ or parallel group$1.ti,ab. or (crossover or cross over).ti,ab. or ((assign$ or match or matched or allocation) adj5 (alternate or group$1 or intervention$1 or patient$1 or subject$1 or participant$1)).ti,ab. or (assigned or allocated).ti,ab. or (controlled adj7 (study or design or trial)).ti,ab. or (volunteer or volunteers).ti,ab. or human experiment/ or trial.ti.) not (((random$ adj sampl$ adj7 (cross section$ or questionnaire$1 or survey$ or database$1)).ti,ab. not (comparative study/ or controlled study/ or randomi?ed controlled.ti,ab. or randomly assigned.ti,ab.)) or (cross‐sectional study/ not (randomized controlled trial/ or controlled clinical study/ or controlled study/ or randomi?ed controlled.ti,ab. or control group$1.ti,ab.)) or (((case adj control$) and random$) not randomi?ed controlled).ti,ab. or (Systematic review not (trial or study)).ti. or (nonrandom$ not random$).ti,ab. or Random field$.ti,ab. or (random cluster adj3 sampl$).ti,ab. or ((review.ab. and review.pt.) not trial.ti.) or (we searched.ab. and (review.ti. or review.pt.)) or update review.ab. or (databases adj4 searched).ab. or ((rat or rats or mouse or mice or swine or porcine or murine or sheep or lambs or pigs or piglets or rabbit or rabbits or cat or cats or dog or dogs or cattle or bovine or monkey or monkeys or trout or marmoset$1).ti. and animal experiment/) or (Animal experiment/ not (human experiment/ or human/)))

41 39 and 40

Central
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Issue 5 of 12, May 2020

#1 MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Insufficiency] explode all trees

#2 (respiratory near/2 (insufficien* or failure* or depression))

#3 MeSH descriptor: [Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult] explode all trees

#4 MeSH descriptor: [Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome] explode all trees

#5 (ards or sars or (respiratory next distress next syndrome*) or (acute next respiratory next syndrome*))

#6 ((acute or adult) near/2 (respiratory next distress))

#7 MeSH descriptor: [Lung Injury] explode all trees

#8 lung next injur*

#9 MeSH descriptor: [Pneumonia] explode all trees

#10 pneumon*

#11 MeSH descriptor: [Pulmonary Embolism] explode all trees

#12 ((pulmonary or lung) near/2 embolism)

#13 MeSH descriptor: [Pulmonary Edema] explode all trees

#14 (Pulmonary near/2 (oedema* or edema*))

#15 MeSH descriptor: [Shock, Cardiogenic] explode all trees

#16 left next ventricular next failure*

#17 MeSH descriptor: [Heart Failure] explode all trees

#18 ((cardiac or heart) near/2 failure*)

#19 MeSH descriptor: [Coronavirus] explode all trees

#20 MeSH descriptor: [Coronavirus Infections] explode all trees

#21 (coronavirus* or corona‐virus* or corona next virus* or 2019 next nCoV or nCoV or COVID next 19 or Covid19 or SARS next CoV* or SARSCov* or ncov* or Pandemi next 2)

#22 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21

#23 MeSH descriptor: [Prone Position] explode all trees

#24 prone* or proning or pronation

#25 positioning next in

#26 face next down

#27 ventral next position*

#28 #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27

#29 #22 and #28

#30 #29 with Cochrane Library publication date Between Jan 2014 and Dec 2020, in Trials

Cinahl

S1 (MH "Respiratory Failure+")

S2 TX (respiratory N2 (insufficien* or failure* or depression))

S3 (MH "Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute")

S4 (MH "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome")

S5 TX (ards or sars or (respiratory distress syndrome*) or (acute respiratory syndrome*))

S6 TX ((acute or adult) N2 respiratory distress)

S7 (MH "Lung Injury+")

S8 (MH "Acute Lung Injury+")

S9 TX (lung injur*)

S10 (MH "Pneumonia+")

S11 TX (pneumon*)

S12 (MH "Pulmonary Embolism")

S13 TX ((pulmonary or lung) N2 embolism)

S14 (MH "Pulmonary Edema+")

S15 TX (Pulmonary N2 (oedema* or edema*))

S16 (MH "Shock, Cardiogenic")

S17 TX (left ventricular failure*)

S18 (MH "Heart Failure+")

S19 TX ((cardiac or heart) N2 failure*)

S20 (MH "Coronavirus+") OR (MH "Coronavirus Infections+")

S21 (coronavirus* or corona‐virus* or corona virus or 2019‐nCoV or nCoV or COVID‐19 or Covid19 or SARS‐CoV* or SARSCov* or ncov* or Pandemi*2)

S22 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21

S23 (MH "Prone Position")

S24 TX (prone* or proning or pronation)

S25 TX (positioning in)

S26 TX (face down)

S27 TX (ventral position*)

S28 S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27

S29 S22 AND S28

S30 S22 AND S28 Published Date: 20140101‐20201231

S31 (MH (randomized controlled trials) OR MH (double‐blind studies) OR MH (single‐blind studies) OR MH (random assignment) OR MH (pretest‐posttest design) OR MH (cluster sample) OR TI

(randomised OR randomized) OR AB (random*) OR TI (trial) OR (MH (sample size) AND AB (assigned OR allocated OR control)) OR MH (placebos) OR PT (randomized controlled trial) OR

AB (control W5 group) OR MH (crossover design) OR MH (comparative studies) OR AB (cluster W3 RCT)) NOT ((MH (animals+) OR MH (animal studies) OR TI (animal model*)) NOT MH (human))

S32 S30 AND S31

LILACS

(ARDS or respiratory distress syndrome or Pneumonia or Pneumonitis or Respiratory failure or Respiratory insufficiency or Respiratory depression or Pulmonary edema or Pulmonary oedema or Pulmonary embolism or corona virus or coronavirus or covid19 or covid 19 or SARSCov or ncov) [Words] and (prone or proning or pronation) [Words]  2014‐2020

Cochrane Covid 19 register

Filtered by: prone* or proning or pronation: 

Appendix 2. Original data extraction form

DATA EXTRACTION FORM – PRONE POSITION FOR ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE IN ADULTS

(CARG 038)

Verification of study eligibility:

Study population:

PARTICIPANTS:

STUDY POPULATION:    

Quality of concealment of random allocation:

METHODS:

Modified Jadad quality assessment tool (see Appendix for guidance*):

Total points                                                                                                                                                        __________

*Give one additional point if: For question 1, the method used to generate the sequence was described, and it was appropriate (table of random numbers, computer‐generated, etc.)

Deduct one point if: For question 1, the method used to generate the sequence of randomization was described, and it was inappropriate (participants were allocated alternately or according to date of birth, hospital number, etc.)

RESULTS AND OUTCOMES:

COMPLICATIONS:

SUB‐GROUP ANALYSES: