統合失調症をもつ人に対する金銭的インセンティブ（誘因）
Abstract
Background
There is evidence suggesting that people with serious mental illness are less responsive to everyday social rewards such as praise. Motivation and performance in social situations can be poor. Rewarding of tasks with money improves motivation to complete the tasks in everyday life. Careful use of targeted monetary rewards could also help people with troublesome symptoms of schizophrenia.
Objectives
To assess the effect of monetary incentive/rewards for people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐like illness.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Register (June 2008).
Selection criteria
All relevant randomised controlled trials comparing monetary rewards with standard care or no monetary rewards.
Data collection and analysis
Working independently, we selected studies for quality assessment and extracted relevant data. We analysed on an intention‐to‐treat basis. Where possible and appropriate we calculated the Relative Risk (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). For continuous data we calculated weighted mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals.
Main results
Five trials are excluded that investigate one type of monetary reward over another and may be included in a future update. We did include one study, carried out over 40 years ago, randomising a total of 25 very chronically ill people who had been in hospital an average of 20 years. The targeted task that was being encouraged was assembly of dolls. People allocated to the payment group produced less dolls than those not paid at all although this difference did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance (MD ‐0.80 CI ‐1.44 to ‐0.16).
Authors' conclusions
Monetary rewards have been the topic for sporadic evaluative research for decades and this review shows that randomised studies are possible. We suggest a design for a future informative trial.
PICO
Plain language summary
統合失調症をもつ人に対する金銭的インセンティブ（誘因）
お金は多くの人にとってインセンティブ（誘因）になる。統合失調症をもつ人の様々な行動を促進する実験的取り組みにも金銭的インセンティブが使われている。6つの試験が見つかったが、今回のレビューの焦点となった金銭的インセンティブとインセンティブなしを比較した試験は1件のみであった。この非常に小規模な研究は、1960年代初頭に平均で20年間入院していた患者を対象に行われた。明らかな効果は見られず、この古い試験から得られる結論は、そのような研究（金銭的インセンティブのありなしの条件で比較するような研究）が実施可能であること以外にほとんどなかった。より現状に即した研究が望ましいと考える。
