Antibiotic

Life‐threatening

Discontinuation^b

Other

Tetracycline

Anaphylaxis

Oesophageal irritation, antibiotic‐associated colitis, headache and visual disturbances

In children under 12 years of age causes dental hypoplasia and staining, benign intracranial hypertension

Chloramphenicol

Blood disorders, peripheral and optic neuritis, erythema multiforme

Dyspepsia

—

Ampicillin

Hypersensitivity reactions

Diarrhoea

—

Co‐trimoxazole or trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome

Diarrhoea, rash

—

Quinolones

Hypersensitivity

Dyspepsia, headache, hypotension

Pruritis, tachycardia

Norfloxacin

—

Dyspepsia, headache, hypotension

Euphoria, tinnitus, polyneuropathy

Ciprofloxacin

—

Dyspepsia, headache, hypotension

Hot flushes, sweating, tenosynovitis

Ofloxacin

—

Dyspepsia, headache, hypotension

Anxiety, unsteady gait

Azithromycin

Hypersensitivity

Dyspepsia, flatulence, headache

—

Ceftriaxone

Hypersensitivity reactions

Diarrhoea, headache, abdominal discomfort

—

Nalidixic acid

—

Same as in quinolones

Toxic psychosis, increased intracranial tension, cranial nerve palsy

Rifaximin

Allergic reactions

Flatulence, headache, abdominal pain, defecation urgency, nausea, constipation, pyrexia, vomiting

—

Cefixime

Hypersensitivity reactions

Diarrhoea, headache, abdominal discomfort

—

Pivmecillinam

—

Same as ampicillin, dyspepsia

—

Search set

CIDG SR^a

CENTRAL

MEDLINE^b

EMBASE^b

LILACS^b

1

shigell*

shigell*

shigell*

shigell$

shigell*

2

dysentery

DYSENTERY, BACILLARY

DYSENTERY, BACILLARY

SHIGELLOSIS

dysentery

3

1 or 2

1 or 2

1 or 2

DYSENTERY

1 or 2

4

antibiotic*

ANTI‐BACTERIAL AGENTS/THERAPEUTIC USE

ANTI‐BACTERIAL AGENTS/THERAPEUTIC USE

1 or 2 or 3

antibiotic*

5

tetracycline*

ANTI‐INFECTIVE AGENTS/THERAPEUTIC USE

ANTI‐INFECTIVE AGENTS/THERAPEUTIC USE

tetracycline$

tetracycline*

6

chloramphenicol

antibiotic*

antibiotic*

chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol

7

ampicillin*

tetracycline*

tetracycline*

ampicillin

ampicillin

8

co‐trimoxazole

chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol

co‐trimoxazole

co‐trimoxazole

9

fluoroquinolone*

ampicillin

ampicillin

fluoroquinolone$

fluoroquinolone*

10

quinolone*

co‐trimoxazole

co‐trimoxazole

quinolone$

quinolone*

11

norfloxacin

fluoroquinolone*

fluoroquinolone*

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

12

ciprofloxacin

quinolone*

quinolone*

ciprofloxacin

ciprofloxacin

13

ofloxacin

norfloxacin

norfloxacin

ofloxacin

ofloxacin

14

azithromycin

ciprofloxacin

ciprofloxacin

azithromycin

azithromycin

15

ceftriaxone

ofloxacin

ofloxacin

ceftriaxone

ceftriaxone

16

nalidixic acid

azithromycin

azithromycin

nalidixic acid

nalidixic acid

17

pivmecillinam

ceftriaxone

ceftriaxone

rifaximin

rifaximin

18

4‐17/or

nalidixic acid

nalidixic acid

cefixime

cefixime

19

3 and 18

rifaximin

rifaximin

trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole

trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole

20

—

cefixime

cefixime

antibiotic$

pivmecillinam

21

—

trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole

trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole

pivmecillinam

4‐20/or

22

—

pivmecillinam

pivmecillinam

5‐21/or

3 and 21

23

—

4‐22/or

4‐22/or

Limit 22 to human

—

24

—

3 and 23

3 and 23

—

—

25

—

—

Limit 24 to human

—

—

Type

Detail

Conference proceeding

‐ Commonwealth Congress on Diarrhoea and Malnutrition: 8th, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 6 to 8 February 2006
‐ Asian Conference on Diarrhoeal Diseases and Nutrition: 10th, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 7 to 9 December 2003
‐ Annual Scientific Conference: 10th Dhaka, Bangladesh, 11 to 13 June 2002
‐ Annual Meeting of Infectious Disease Society of America: 44th, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 12 to 15 October 2006; 43rd, San Francisco, California, 6 to 9 October 2005; 42nd, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 30 September to 3 October 2004
‐ Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy: 46th, San Francisco, California, 27 to 30 September 2006; 45th, Washington DC, USA, 16 to 19 December 2005; 44th, Washington DC, USA, 30 October to 2 November, 2004
‐ European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: 16th, Nice, France, 1 to 4 April 2006; 15th, 2 to 5 April 2005
‐ International Congress on Infectious Diseases: 12th, Lisbon, Portugal, 15 to 18 June 2006; 11th, Cancun, Mexico, 4 to 7 March 2004
‐ Annual Meeting of The European Society for Paediatric Infectious Disease: 24th, Basel, Switzerland, 3 to 5 May 2006
‐ Western Pacific Congress of Chemotherapy and Infectious Diseases: 10th, Fukuoka, Japan, 3 to 6 December 2006
‐ European Congress of Chemotherapy and Infection: 8th, Budapest, Hungary, 25 to 28 October 2006

Organizations

‐ Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
‐ World Health Organization
‐ American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
‐ International Society of Tropical Pediatrics
‐ South East Asian Ministers Education Organization (SEAMEO) TROPMED Network
‐ International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in Bangladesh

Pharmaceutical companies

‐ Goldshield Pharmaceuticals Ltd (tetracycline, Deteclo; chloramphenicol, Chloromycetin)
‐ Chemidex (ampicillin, Penbritin)
‐ GlaxoSmithKline (co‐trimoxazole, Septrin)
‐ Merck Sharp & Dohme Ltd (norfloxacin, Utinor)
‐ Bayer (ciprofloxacin, Ciproxin)
‐ Aventis Pharma (ofloxacin, Tarivid)
‐ Pfizer (azithromycin, Zithromax)
‐ Roche (ceftriaxone, Rocephin)
‐ Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd (nalidixic acid, Uriben)
‐ Salix Pharmaceuticals (rifaximin, Xifaxan)
‐ Rhone‐Poulenc Rorer (cefixime, Suprax)
‐ LEO pharma (pivmecillinam, Selexid)