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'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item, presented as percentages across all included studies
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Figure 1

'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item, presented as percentages across all included studies

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'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study
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Figure 2

'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study

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Comparison 1 Death in the hospital, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 1.1

Comparison 1 Death in the hospital, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 2 Death in the ICU, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 2.1

Comparison 2 Death in the ICU, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 3 2‐month survival, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 3.1

Comparison 3 2‐month survival, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 4 Participants required intubation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 4.1

Comparison 4 Participants required intubation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 5 Duration of intubation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 5.1

Comparison 5 Duration of intubation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 6 Duration of hospital stay (d), Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 6.1

Comparison 6 Duration of hospital stay (d), Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 7 Duration of ICU stay (d), Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 7.1

Comparison 7 Duration of ICU stay (d), Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 8 Duration of use of mechanical ventilation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 8.1

Comparison 8 Duration of use of mechanical ventilation, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 9 Complications, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.
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Analysis 9.1

Comparison 9 Complications, Outcome 1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment.

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Comparison 1. Death in the hospital

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

2

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.54 [0.11, 2.68]

1.1 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia

1

56

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

1.22 [0.35, 4.24]

1.2 Immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates

1

52

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.07, 0.82]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 1. Death in the hospital
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Comparison 2. Death in the ICU

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
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Comparison 2. Death in the ICU
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Comparison 3. 2‐month survival

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

1

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 3. 2‐month survival
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Comparison 4. Participants required intubation

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

2

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.26 [0.11, 0.61]

1.1 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia

1

56

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.27 [0.08, 0.88]

1.2 Immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates

1

52

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.26 [0.08, 0.85]
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 4. Participants required intubation
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Comparison 5. Duration of intubation

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
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Comparison 5. Duration of intubation
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Comparison 6. Duration of hospital stay (d)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

1

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

Totals not selected
Figuras y tablas -
Comparison 6. Duration of hospital stay (d)
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Comparison 7. Duration of ICU stay (d)

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

2

108

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐3.28 [‐5.41, ‐1.16]

1.1 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia

1

56

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐4.2 [‐4.98, ‐3.42]

1.2 Immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates

1

52

Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐2.0 [‐3.92, ‐0.08]
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Comparison 7. Duration of ICU stay (d)
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Comparison 8. Duration of use of mechanical ventilation

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

2

108

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.26 [‐0.66, 0.14]

1.1 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia: patients with COPD

1

23

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.74 [‐1.60, 0.11]

1.2 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia: patients without COPD

1

33

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

‐0.34 [‐1.03, 0.34]

1.3 Immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates

1

52

Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)

0.0 [‐0.54, 0.54]
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Comparison 8. Duration of use of mechanical ventilation
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Comparison 9. Complications

Outcome or subgroup title

No. of studies

No. of participants

Statistical method

Effect size

1 Non‐invasive ventilation versus standard treatment Show forest plot

2

108

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.23 [0.08, 0.70]

1.1 Severe community‐acquired pneumonia

1

56

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.22 [0.02, 2.13]

1.2 Immunosuppressed patients with pulmonary infiltrates

1

52

Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)

0.24 [0.07, 0.82]
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Comparison 9. Complications
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